1 <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" [
2 <!entity % dummy "IGNORE">
3 <!entity supported SYSTEM "supported.sgml">
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10 <!entity copyright SYSTEM "copyright.sgml">
11 <!entity license SYSTEM "license.sgml">
12 <!entity GPLv2 SYSTEM "../../LICENSE">
13 <!entity p-authors SYSTEM "p-authors.sgml">
14 <!entity config SYSTEM "p-config.sgml">
15 <!entity changelog SYSTEM "changelog.sgml">
16 <!entity p-version "3.0.22">
17 <!entity p-status "UNRELEASED">
18 <!entity % p-authors-formal "INCLUDE"> <!-- include additional text, etc -->
19 <!entity % p-not-stable "INCLUDE">
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21 <!entity % p-text "IGNORE"> <!-- define we are not a text only doc -->
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24 <!entity % user-man "IGNORE">
25 <!entity % config-file "IGNORE">
26 <!entity % p-supp-userman "IGNORE"> <!-- Omit some from supported.sgml -->
27 <!entity my-copy "©"> <!-- kludge for docbook2man -->
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30 <!entity my-app "<application>Privoxy</application>">
33 File : $Source: /cvsroot/ijbswa/current/doc/source/user-manual.sgml,v $
36 This file belongs into
37 ijbswa.sourceforge.net:/home/groups/i/ij/ijbswa/htdocs/
39 $Id: user-manual.sgml,v 2.186 2014/06/03 10:30:20 fabiankeil Exp $
41 Copyright (C) 2001-2014 Privoxy Developers http://www.privoxy.org/
44 ========================================================================
45 NOTE: Please read developer-manual/documentation.html before touching
46 anything in this, or other Privoxy documentation.
47 ========================================================================
54 <title>Privoxy &p-version; User Manual</title>
58 <!-- Completely the wrong markup, but very little is allowed -->
59 <!-- in this part of an article. FIXME -->
60 <link linkend="copyright">Copyright</link> &my-copy; 2001-2014 by
61 <ulink url="http://www.privoxy.org/">Privoxy Developers</ulink>
65 <pubdate>$Id: user-manual.sgml,v 2.186 2014/06/03 10:30:20 fabiankeil Exp $</pubdate>
69 Note: the following should generate a separate page, and a live link to it,
70 all nicely done. But it doesn't for some mysterious reason. Please leave
71 commented unless it can be fixed proper. For the time being, the
72 copyright/license declarations will be in their own sgml.
85 This is here to keep vim syntax file from breaking :/
86 If I knew enough to fix it, I would.
87 PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE! HB: hal@foobox.net
93 The <citetitle>Privoxy User Manual</citetitle> gives users information on how to
94 install, configure and use <ulink
95 url="http://www.privoxy.org/">Privoxy</ulink>.
98 <!-- Include privoxy.sgml boilerplate: -->
100 <!-- end privoxy.sgml -->
103 You can find the latest version of the <citetitle>Privoxy User Manual</citetitle> at <ulink
104 url="http://www.privoxy.org/user-manual/">http://www.privoxy.org/user-manual/</ulink>.
105 Please see the <link linkend="contact">Contact section</link> on how to
106 contact the developers.
110 <!-- Feel free to send a note to the developers at <email>ijbswa-developers@lists.sourceforge.net</email>. -->
116 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
117 <sect1 label="1" id="introduction"><title>Introduction</title>
119 This documentation is included with the current &p-status; version of
120 <application>Privoxy</application>, &p-version;<![%p-not-stable;[,
121 and is mostly complete at this point. The most up to date reference for the
122 time being is still the comments in the source files and in the individual
123 configuration files. Development of a new version is currently nearing
124 completion, and includes significant changes and enhancements over
128 <!-- include only in non-stable versions -->
131 Since this is a &p-status; version, not all new features are well tested. This
132 documentation may be slightly out of sync as a result (especially with
133 CVS sources). And there <emphasis>may be</emphasis> bugs, though hopefully
138 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
139 <sect2 id="features"><title>Features</title>
141 In addition to the core
142 features of ad blocking and
143 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_cookie">cookie</ulink> management,
144 <application>Privoxy</application> provides many supplemental
145 features<![%p-not-stable;[, some of them currently under development]]>,
146 that give the end-user more control, more privacy and more freedom:
148 <!-- Include newfeatures.sgml boilerplate here: -->
150 <!-- end boilerplate -->
155 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
158 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
159 <sect1 id="installation"><title>Installation</title>
162 <application>Privoxy</application> is available both in convenient pre-compiled
163 packages for a wide range of operating systems, and as raw source code.
164 For most users, we recommend using the packages, which can be downloaded from our
165 <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/ijbswa/">Privoxy Project
171 On some platforms, the installer may remove previously installed versions, if
172 found. (See below for your platform). In any case <emphasis>be sure to backup
173 your old configuration if it is valuable to you.</emphasis> See the <link
174 linkend="upgradersnote">note to upgraders</link> section below.
177 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
178 <sect2 id="installation-packages"><title>Binary Packages</title>
180 How to install the binary packages depends on your operating system:
183 <!-- XXX: The installation sections should be sorted -->
185 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
186 <sect3 id="installation-deb"><title>Debian and Ubuntu</title>
188 DEBs can be installed with <literal>apt-get install privoxy</literal>,
189 and will use <filename>/etc/privoxy</filename> for the location of
194 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
195 <sect3 id="installation-pack-win"><title>Windows</title>
198 Just double-click the installer, which will guide you through
199 the installation process. You will find the configuration files
200 in the same directory as you installed <application>Privoxy</application> in.
203 Version 3.0.5 beta introduced full <application>Windows</application> service
204 functionality. On Windows only, the <application>Privoxy</application>
205 program has two new command line arguments to install and uninstall
206 <application>Privoxy</application> as a <emphasis>service</emphasis>.
210 <term>Arguments:</term>
213 <replaceable class="parameter">--install</replaceable>[:<replaceable class="parameter">service_name</replaceable>]
216 <replaceable class="parameter">--uninstall</replaceable>[:<replaceable class="parameter">service_name</replaceable>]
222 After invoking <application>Privoxy</application> with
223 <command>--install</command>, you will need to bring up the
224 <application>Windows</application> service console to assign the user you
225 want <application>Privoxy</application> to run under, and whether or not you
226 want it to run whenever the system starts. You can start the
227 <application>Windows</application> services console with the following
228 command: <command>services.msc</command>. If you do not take the manual step
229 of modifying <application>Privoxy's</application> service settings, it will
230 not start. Note too that you will need to give Privoxy a user account that
231 actually exists, or it will not be permitted to
232 write to its log and configuration files.
237 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
238 <sect3 id="installation-os2"><title>OS/2</title>
241 First, make sure that no previous installations of
242 <application>Junkbuster</application> and / or
243 <application>Privoxy</application> are left on your
244 system. Check that no <application>Junkbuster</application>
245 or <application>Privoxy</application> objects are in
251 Then, just double-click the WarpIN self-installing archive, which will
252 guide you through the installation process. A shadow of the
253 <application>Privoxy</application> executable will be placed in your
254 startup folder so it will start automatically whenever OS/2 starts.
258 The directory you choose to install <application>Privoxy</application>
259 into will contain all of the configuration files.
263 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
264 <sect3 id="installation-mac"><title>Mac OS X</title>
266 Installation instructions for the OS X platform depend upon whether
267 you downloaded a ready-built installation package (.pkg or .mpkg) or have
268 downloaded the source code.
271 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="OS-X-install-from-package">
272 <title>Installation from ready-built package</title>
274 The downloaded file will either be a .pkg (for OS X 10.5 upwards) or a bzipped
275 .mpkg file (for OS X 10.4). The former can be double-clicked as is and the
276 installation will start; double-clicking the latter will unzip the .mpkg file
277 which can then be double-clicked to commence the installation.
280 The privoxy service will automatically start after a successful installation
281 (and thereafter every time your computer starts up) however you will need to
282 configure your web browser(s) to use it. To do so, configure them to use a
283 proxy for HTTP and HTTPS at the address 127.0.0.1:8118.
286 To prevent the privoxy service from automatically starting when your computer
287 starts up, remove or rename the file <literal>/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.ijbswa.privoxy.plist</literal>
288 (on OS X 10.5 and higher) or the folder named
289 <literal>/Library/StartupItems/Privoxy</literal> (on OS X 10.4 'Tiger').
292 To manually start or stop the privoxy service, use the scripts startPrivoxy.sh
293 and stopPrivoxy.sh supplied in /Applications/Privoxy. They must be run from an
294 administrator account, using sudo.
297 To uninstall, run /Applications/Privoxy/uninstall.command as sudo from an
298 administrator account.
301 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="OS-X-install-from-source">
302 <title>Installation from source</title>
304 To build and install the Privoxy source code on OS X you will need to obtain
305 the macsetup module from the Privoxy Sourceforge CVS repository (refer to
306 Sourceforge help for details of how to set up a CVS client to have read-only
307 access to the repository). This module contains scripts that leverage the usual
308 open-source tools (available as part of Apple's free of charge Xcode
309 distribution or via the usual open-source software package managers for OS X
310 (MacPorts, Homebrew, Fink etc.) to build and then install the privoxy binary
311 and associated files. The macsetup module's README file contains complete
312 instructions for its use.
315 The privoxy service will automatically start after a successful installation
316 (and thereafter every time your computer starts up) however you will need to
317 configure your web browser(s) to use it. To do so, configure them to use a
318 proxy for HTTP and HTTPS at the address 127.0.0.1:8118.
321 To prevent the privoxy service from automatically starting when your computer
322 starts up, remove or rename the file <literal>/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.ijbswa.privoxy.plist</literal>
323 (on OS X 10.5 and higher) or the folder named
324 <literal>/Library/StartupItems/Privoxy</literal> (on OS X 10.4 'Tiger').
327 To manually start or stop the privoxy service, use the Privoxy Utility
328 for Mac OS X (also part of the macsetup module). This application can start
329 and stop the privoxy service and display its log and configuration files.
332 To uninstall, run the macsetup module's uninstall.sh as sudo from an
333 administrator account.
337 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
338 <sect3 id="installation-freebsd"><title>FreeBSD</title>
341 Privoxy is part of FreeBSD's Ports Collection, you can build and install
342 it with <literal>cd /usr/ports/www/privoxy; make install clean</literal>.
348 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
349 <sect2 id="installation-source"><title>Building from Source</title>
352 The most convenient way to obtain the <application>Privoxy</application> sources
353 is to download the source tarball from our
354 <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=11118&package_id=10571">project download
359 If you like to live on the bleeding edge and are not afraid of using
360 possibly unstable development versions, you can check out the up-to-the-minute
361 version directly from <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/cvs/?group_id=11118">the
362 CVS repository</ulink>.
364 deprecated...out of business.
365 or simply download <ulink
366 url="http://cvs.sourceforge.net/cvstarballs/ijbswa-cvsroot.tar.bz2">the nightly CVS
371 <!-- include buildsource.sgml boilerplate: -->
373 <!-- end boilerplate -->
376 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
377 <sect2 id="installation-keepupdated"><title>Keeping your Installation Up-to-Date</title>
380 If you wish to receive an email notification whenever we release updates of
381 <application>Privoxy</application> or the actions file, <ulink
382 url="http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/ijbswa-announce/">subscribe
383 to our announce mailing list</ulink>, ijbswa-announce@lists.sourceforge.net.
387 In order not to lose your personal changes and adjustments when updating
388 to the latest <literal>default.action</literal> file we <emphasis>strongly
389 recommend</emphasis> that you use <literal>user.action</literal> and
390 <literal>user.filter</literal> for your local
391 customizations of <application>Privoxy</application>. See the <link
392 linkend="actions-file">Chapter on actions files</link> for details.
400 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
402 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
403 <sect1 id="whatsnew">
404 <title>What's New in this Release</title>
408 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
410 <sect2 id="upgradersnote">
411 <title>Note to Upgraders</title>
414 A quick list of things to be aware of before upgrading from earlier
415 versions of <application>Privoxy</application>:
423 The recommended way to upgrade &my-app; is to backup your old
424 configuration files, install the new ones, verify that &my-app;
425 is working correctly and finally merge back your changes using
426 <application>diff</application> and maybe <application>patch</application>.
429 There are a number of new features in each &my-app; release and
430 most of them have to be explicitly enabled in the configuration
431 files. Old configuration files obviously don't do that and due
432 to syntax changes using old configuration files with a new
433 &my-app; isn't always possible anyway.
438 Note that some installers remove earlier versions completely,
439 including configuration files, therefore you should really save
440 any important configuration files!
445 On the other hand, other installers don't overwrite existing configuration
446 files, thinking you will want to do that yourself.
451 In the default configuration only fatal errors are logged now.
452 You can change that in the <link linkend="DEBUG">debug section</link>
453 of the configuration file. You may also want to enable more verbose
454 logging until you verified that the new &my-app; version is working
461 Three other config file settings are now off by default:
462 <link linkend="enable-remote-toggle">enable-remote-toggle</link>,
463 <link linkend="enable-remote-http-toggle">enable-remote-http-toggle</link>,
464 and <link linkend="enable-edit-actions">enable-edit-actions</link>.
465 If you use or want these, you will need to explicitly enable them, and
466 be aware of the security issues involved.
473 What constitutes a <quote>default</quote> configuration has changed,
474 and you may want to review which actions are <quote>on</quote> by
475 default. This is primarily a matter of emphasis, but some features
476 you may have been used to, may now be <quote>off</quote> by default.
477 There are also a number of new actions and filters you may want to
478 consider, most of which are not fully incorporated into the default
479 settings as yet (see above).
486 The default actions setting is now <literal>Cautious</literal>. Previous
487 releases had a default setting of <literal>Medium</literal>. Experienced
488 users may want to adjust this, as it is fairly conservative by &my-app;
489 standards and past practices. See <ulink
490 url="http://config.privoxy.org/edit-actions-list?f=default">
491 http://config.privoxy.org/edit-actions-list?f=default</ulink>. New users
492 should try the default settings for a while before turning up the volume.
498 The default setting has filtering turned <emphasis>off</emphasis>, which
499 subsequently means that compression is <emphasis>on</emphasis>. Remember
500 that filtering does not work on compressed pages, so if you use, or want to
501 use, filtering, you will need to force compression off. Example:
505 { +<link linkend="filter">filter</link>{google} +<link linkend="prevent-compression">prevent-compression</link> }
509 Or if you use a number of filters, or filter many sites, you may just want
510 to turn off compression for all sites in
511 <filename>default.action</filename> (or
512 <filename>user.action</filename>).
519 Also, <link linkend="SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY">session-cookies-only</link> is
520 off by default now. If you've liked this feature in the past, you may want
521 to turn it back on in <filename>user.action</filename> now.
528 Some installers may not automatically start
529 <application>Privoxy</application> after installation.
540 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
541 <sect1 id="quickstart"><title>Quickstart to Using Privoxy</title>
547 Install <application>Privoxy</application>. See the <link
548 linkend="installation">Installation Section</link> below for platform specific
555 Advanced users and those who want to offer <application>Privoxy</application>
556 service to more than just their local machine should check the <link
557 linkend="config">main config file</link>, especially the <link
558 linkend="access-control">security-relevant</link> options. These are
565 Start <application>Privoxy</application>, if the installation program has
566 not done this already (may vary according to platform). See the section
567 <link linkend="startup">Starting <application>Privoxy</application></link>.
573 Set your browser to use <application>Privoxy</application> as HTTP and
574 HTTPS (SSL) <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server">proxy</ulink>
575 by setting the proxy configuration for address of
576 <literal>127.0.0.1</literal> and port <literal>8118</literal>.
577 <emphasis>DO NOT</emphasis> activate proxying for <literal>FTP</literal> or
578 any protocols besides HTTP and HTTPS (SSL) unless you intend to prevent your
579 browser from using these protocols.
585 Flush your browser's disk and memory caches, to remove any cached ad images.
586 If using <application>Privoxy</application> to manage
587 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_cookie">cookies</ulink>,
588 you should remove any currently stored cookies too.
594 A default installation should provide a reasonable starting point for
595 most. There will undoubtedly be occasions where you will want to adjust the
596 configuration, but that can be dealt with as the need arises. Little
597 to no initial configuration is required in most cases, you may want
599 <ulink url="config.html#ENABLE-EDIT-ACTIONS">web-based action editor</ulink> though.
600 Be sure to read the warnings first.
603 See the <link linkend="configuration">Configuration section</link> for more
604 configuration options, and how to customize your installation.
605 You might also want to look at the <link
606 linkend="quickstart-ad-blocking">next section</link> for a quick
607 introduction to how <application>Privoxy</application> blocks ads and
614 If you experience ads that slip through, innocent images that are
615 blocked, or otherwise feel the need to fine-tune
616 <application>Privoxy's</application> behavior, take a look at the <link
617 linkend="actions-file">actions files</link>. As a quick start, you might
618 find the <link linkend="act-examples">richly commented examples</link>
619 helpful. You can also view and edit the actions files through the <ulink
620 url="http://config.privoxy.org">web-based user interface</ulink>. The
621 Appendix <quote><link linkend="actionsanat">Troubleshooting: Anatomy of an
622 Action</link></quote> has hints on how to understand and debug actions that
623 <quote>misbehave</quote>.
628 Did anyone test these lately?
632 For easy access to &my-app;'s most important controls, drag the provided
633 <link linkend="bookmarklets">Bookmarklets</link> into your browser's
641 Please see the section <link linkend="contact">Contacting the
642 Developers</link> on how to report bugs, problems with websites or to get
649 Now enjoy surfing with enhanced control, comfort and privacy!
657 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
659 <sect2 id="quickstart-ad-blocking">
660 <title>Quickstart to Ad Blocking</title>
662 NOTE: This section is deliberately redundant for those that don't
663 want to read the whole thing (which is getting lengthy).
666 Ad blocking is but one of <application>Privoxy's</application>
667 array of features. Many of these features are for the technically minded advanced
668 user. But, ad and banner blocking is surely common ground for everybody.
671 This section will provide a quick summary of ad blocking so
672 you can get up to speed quickly without having to read the more extensive
673 information provided below, though this is highly recommended.
676 First a bit of a warning ... blocking ads is much like blocking SPAM: the
677 more aggressive you are about it, the more likely you are to block
678 things that were not intended. And the more likely that some things
679 may not work as intended. So there is a trade off here. If you want
680 extreme ad free browsing, be prepared to deal with more
681 <quote>problem</quote> sites, and to spend more time adjusting the
682 configuration to solve these unintended consequences. In short, there is
683 not an easy way to eliminate <emphasis>all</emphasis> ads. Either take
684 the easy way and settle for <emphasis>most</emphasis> ads blocked with the
685 default configuration, or jump in and tweak it for your personal surfing
686 habits and preferences.
689 Secondly, a brief explanation of <application>Privoxy's </application>
690 <quote>actions</quote>. <quote>Actions</quote> in this context, are
691 the directives we use to tell <application>Privoxy</application> to perform
692 some task relating to HTTP transactions (i.e. web browsing). We tell
693 <application>Privoxy</application> to take some <quote>action</quote>. Each
694 action has a unique name and function. While there are many potential
695 <application>actions</application> in <application>Privoxy's</application>
696 arsenal, only a few are used for ad blocking. <link
697 linkend="actions">Actions</link>, and <link linkend="actions-file">action
698 configuration files</link>, are explained in depth below.
701 Actions are specified in <application>Privoxy's</application> configuration,
702 followed by one or more URLs to which the action should apply. URLs
703 can actually be URL type <link linkend="af-patterns">patterns</link> that use
704 wildcards so they can apply potentially to a range of similar URLs. The
705 actions, together with the URL patterns are called a section.
708 When you connect to a website, the full URL will either match one or more
709 of the sections as defined in <application>Privoxy's</application> configuration,
710 or not. If so, then <application>Privoxy</application> will perform the
711 respective actions. If not, then nothing special happens. Furthermore, web
712 pages may contain embedded, secondary URLs that your web browser will
713 use to load additional components of the page, as it parses the
714 original page's HTML content. An ad image for instance, is just an URL
715 embedded in the page somewhere. The image itself may be on the same server,
716 or a server somewhere else on the Internet. Complex web pages will have many
717 such embedded URLs. &my-app; can deal with each URL individually, so, for
718 instance, the main page text is not touched, but images from such-and-such
723 The most important actions for basic ad blocking are: <literal><link
724 linkend="block">block</link></literal>, <literal><link
725 linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal>,
727 linkend="handle-as-empty-document">handle-as-empty-document</link></literal>,and
728 <literal><link linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link></literal>:
736 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> - this is perhaps
737 the single most used action, and is particularly important for ad blocking.
738 This action stops any contact between your browser and any URL patterns
739 that match this action's configuration. It can be used for blocking ads,
740 but also anything that is determined to be unwanted. By itself, it simply
741 stops any communication with the remote server and sends
742 <application>Privoxy</application>'s own built-in BLOCKED page instead to
743 let you now what has happened (with some exceptions, see below).
749 <literal><link linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal> -
750 tells <application>Privoxy</application> to treat this URL as an image.
751 <application>Privoxy</application>'s default configuration already does this
752 for all common image types (e.g. GIF), but there are many situations where this
753 is not so easy to determine. So we'll force it in these cases. This is particularly
754 important for ad blocking, since only if we know that it's an image of
755 some kind, can we replace it with an image of our choosing, instead of the
756 <application>Privoxy</application> BLOCKED page (which would only result in
757 a <quote>broken image</quote> icon). There are some limitations to this
758 though. For instance, you can't just brute-force an image substitution for
759 an entire HTML page in most situations.
765 <literal><link linkend="handle-as-empty-document">handle-as-empty-document</link></literal> -
766 sends an empty document instead of <application>Privoxy's</application>
767 normal BLOCKED HTML page. This is useful for file types that are neither
768 HTML nor images, such as blocking JavaScript files.
775 linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link></literal> - tells
776 <application>Privoxy</application> what to display in place of an ad image that
777 has hit a block rule. For this to come into play, the URL must match a
778 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> action somewhere in the
779 configuration, <emphasis>and</emphasis>, it must also match an
780 <literal><link linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal> action.
783 The configuration options on what to display instead of the ad are:
787 <emphasis>pattern</emphasis> - a checkerboard pattern, so that an ad
788 replacement is obvious. This is the default.
793 <emphasis>blank</emphasis> - A very small empty GIF image is displayed.
794 This is the so-called <quote>invisible</quote> configuration option.
799 <emphasis>http://<URL></emphasis> - A redirect to any image anywhere
800 of the user's choosing (advanced usage).
809 Advanced users will eventually want to explore &my-app;
810 <literal><link linkend="filter">filters</link></literal> as well. Filters
811 are very different from <literal><link
812 linkend="block">blocks</link></literal>.
813 A <quote>block</quote> blocks a site, page, or unwanted contented. Filters
814 are a way of filtering or modifying what is actually on the page. An example
815 filter usage: a text replacement of <quote>no-no</quote> for
816 <quote>nasty-word</quote>. That is a very simple example. This process can be
817 used for ad blocking, but it is more in the realm of advanced usage and has
818 some pitfalls to be wary off.
822 The quickest way to adjust any of these settings is with your browser through
823 the special <application>Privoxy</application> editor at <ulink
824 url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</ulink>
825 (shortcut: <ulink url="http://p.p/">http://p.p/show-status</ulink>). This
826 is an internal page, and does not require Internet access.
830 Note that as of <application>Privoxy</application> 3.0.7 beta the
831 action editor is disabled by default. Check the
832 <ulink url="config.html#ENABLE-EDIT-ACTIONS">enable-edit-actions
833 section in the configuration file</ulink> to learn why and in which
834 cases it's safe to enable again.
838 If you decided to enable the action editor, select the appropriate
839 <quote>actions</quote> file, and click
840 <quote><guibutton>Edit</guibutton></quote>. It is best to put personal or
841 local preferences in <filename>user.action</filename> since this is not
842 meant to be overwritten during upgrades, and will over-ride the settings in
843 other files. Here you can insert new <quote>actions</quote>, and URLs for ad
844 blocking or other purposes, and make other adjustments to the configuration.
845 <application>Privoxy</application> will detect these changes automatically.
849 A quick and simple step by step example:
857 Right click on the ad image to be blocked, then select
858 <quote><guimenuitem>Copy Link Location</guimenuitem></quote> from the
866 url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</ulink>
871 Find <filename>user.action</filename> in the top section, and click
872 on <quote><guibutton>Edit</guibutton></quote>:
875 <!-- image of editor and actions files selections -->
877 <figure pgwide="0" float="0"><title>Actions Files in Use</title>
880 <imagedata fileref="files-in-use.jpg" format="jpg">
883 <phrase>[ Screenshot of Actions Files in Use ]</phrase>
892 You should have a section with only
893 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> listed under
894 <quote>Actions:</quote>.
895 If not, click a <quote><guibutton>Insert new section below</guibutton></quote>
896 button, and in the new section that just appeared, click the
897 <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> button right under the word <quote>Actions:</quote>.
898 This will bring up a list of all actions. Find
899 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> near the top, and click
900 in the <quote>Enabled</quote> column, then <quote><guibutton>Submit</guibutton></quote>
906 Now, in the <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> actions section,
907 click the <quote><guibutton>Add</guibutton></quote> button, and paste the URL the
908 browser got from <quote><guimenuitem>Copy Link Location</guimenuitem></quote>.
909 Remove the <literal>http://</literal> at the beginning of the URL. Then, click
910 <quote><guibutton>Submit</guibutton></quote> (or
911 <quote><guibutton>OK</guibutton></quote> if in a pop-up window).
916 Now go back to the original page, and press <keycap>SHIFT-Reload</keycap>
917 (or flush all browser caches). The image should be gone now.
925 This is a very crude and simple example. There might be good reasons to use a
926 wildcard pattern match to include potentially similar images from the same
927 site. For a more extensive explanation of <quote>patterns</quote>, and
928 the entire actions concept, see <link linkend="actions-file">the Actions
933 For advanced users who want to hand edit their config files, you might want
934 to now go to the <link linkend="act-examples">Actions Files Tutorial</link>.
935 The ideas explained therein also apply to the web-based editor.
938 There are also various
939 <link linkend="filter">filters</link> that can be used for ad blocking
940 (filters are a special subset of actions). These
941 fall into the <quote>advanced</quote> usage category, and are explained in
942 depth in later sections.
949 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
952 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
954 <title>Starting Privoxy</title>
956 Before launching <application>Privoxy</application> for the first time, you
957 will want to configure your browser(s) to use
958 <application>Privoxy</application> as a HTTP and HTTPS (SSL)
959 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server">proxy</ulink>. The default is
960 127.0.0.1 (or localhost) for the proxy address, and port 8118 (earlier versions
961 used port 8000). This is the one configuration step <emphasis>that must be done
965 Please note that <application>Privoxy</application> can only proxy HTTP and
966 HTTPS traffic. It will not work with FTP or other protocols.
969 <!-- image of Mozilla Proxy configuration -->
971 <figure pgwide="0" float="0"><title>Proxy Configuration Showing
972 Mozilla/Netscape HTTP and HTTPS (SSL) Settings</title>
975 <imagedata fileref="proxy_setup.jpg" format="jpg">
978 <phrase>[ Screenshot of Mozilla Proxy Configuration ]</phrase>
986 With <application>Firefox</application>, this is typically set under:
990 <guibutton>Tools</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Options</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Advanced</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Network</guibutton> -><guibutton>Connection</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Settings</guibutton>
995 Or optionally on some platforms:
999 <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Preferences</guibutton> -> <guibutton>General</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Connection Settings</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Manual Proxy Configuration</guibutton>
1005 With <application>Netscape</application> (and
1006 <application>Mozilla</application>), this can be set under:
1011 <!-- Mix ascii and gui art, something for everybody -->
1012 <!-- spacing on this is tricky -->
1013 <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Preferences</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Advanced</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Proxies</guibutton> -> <guibutton>HTTP Proxy</guibutton>
1018 For <application>Internet Explorer v.5-7</application>:
1022 <guibutton>Tools</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Internet Options</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Connections</guibutton> -> <guibutton>LAN Settings</guibutton>
1026 Then, check <quote>Use Proxy</quote> and fill in the appropriate info
1027 (Address: 127.0.0.1, Port: 8118). Include HTTPS (SSL), if you want HTTPS
1028 proxy support too (sometimes labeled <quote>Secure</quote>). Make sure any
1029 checkboxes like <quote>Use the same proxy server for all protocols</quote> is
1030 <emphasis>UNCHECKED</emphasis>. You want only HTTP and HTTPS (SSL)!
1033 <!-- image of IE Proxy configuration -->
1035 <figure pgwide="0" float="0"><title>Proxy Configuration Showing
1036 Internet Explorer HTTP and HTTPS (Secure) Settings</title>
1039 <imagedata fileref="proxy2.jpg" format="jpg">
1042 <phrase>[ Screenshot of IE Proxy Configuration ]</phrase>
1050 After doing this, flush your browser's disk and memory caches to force a
1051 re-reading of all pages and to get rid of any ads that may be cached. Remove
1052 any <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_cookie">cookies</ulink>,
1053 if you want <application>Privoxy</application> to manage that. You are now
1054 ready to start enjoying the benefits of using
1055 <application>Privoxy</application>!
1059 <application>Privoxy</application> itself is typically started by specifying the
1060 main configuration file to be used on the command line. If no configuration
1061 file is specified on the command line, <application>Privoxy</application>
1062 will look for a file named <filename>config</filename> in the current
1063 directory. Except on Win32 where it will try <filename>config.txt</filename>.
1066 <sect2 id="start-debian">
1067 <title>Debian</title>
1069 We use a script. Note that Debian typically starts &my-app; upon booting per
1070 default. It will use the file
1071 <filename>/etc/privoxy/config</filename> as its main configuration
1076 # /etc/init.d/privoxy start
1081 <sect2 id="start-windows">
1082 <title>Windows</title>
1084 Click on the &my-app; Icon to start <application>Privoxy</application>. If no configuration file is
1085 specified on the command line, <application>Privoxy</application> will look
1086 for a file named <filename>config.txt</filename>. Note that Windows will
1087 automatically start &my-app; when the system starts if you chose that option
1091 <application>Privoxy</application> can run with full Windows service functionality.
1092 On Windows only, the &my-app; program has two new command line arguments
1093 to install and uninstall &my-app; as a service. See the
1094 <link linkend="installation-pack-win">Windows Installation
1095 instructions</link> for details.
1099 <sect2 id="start-unices">
1100 <title>Solaris, NetBSD, FreeBSD, HP-UX and others</title>
1102 Example Unix startup command:
1106 # /usr/sbin/privoxy /etc/privoxy/config
1111 <sect2 id="start-os2">
1114 During installation, <application>Privoxy</application> is configured to
1115 start automatically when the system restarts. You can start it manually by
1116 double-clicking on the <application>Privoxy</application> icon in the
1117 <application>Privoxy</application> folder.
1121 <sect2 id="start-macosx">
1122 <title>Mac OS X</title>
1124 After downloading the privoxy software, unzip the downloaded file by
1125 double-clicking on the zip file icon. Then, double-click on the
1126 installer package icon and follow the installation process.
1129 The privoxy service will automatically start after a successful
1130 installation. In addition, the privoxy service will automatically
1131 start every time your computer starts up.
1134 To prevent the privoxy service from automatically starting when your
1135 computer starts up, remove or rename the folder named
1136 /Library/StartupItems/Privoxy.
1139 A simple application named Privoxy Utility has been created which
1140 enables administrators to easily start and stop the privoxy service.
1143 In addition, the Privoxy Utility presents a simple way for
1144 administrators to edit the various privoxy config files. A method
1145 to uninstall the software is also available.
1148 An administrator username and password must be supplied in order for
1149 the Privoxy Utility to perform any of the tasks.
1157 See the section <link linkend="cmdoptions">Command line options</link> for
1161 must find a better place for this paragraph
1164 The included default configuration files should give a reasonable starting
1165 point. Most of the per site configuration is done in the
1166 <ulink url="actions-file.html"><quote>actions</quote></ulink> files. These are
1167 where various cookie actions are defined, ad and banner blocking, and other
1168 aspects of <application>Privoxy</application> configuration. There are several
1169 such files included, with varying levels of aggressiveness.
1173 You will probably want to keep an eye out for sites for which you may prefer
1174 persistent cookies, and add these to your actions configuration as needed. By
1175 default, most of these will be accepted only during the current browser
1176 session (aka <quote>session cookies</quote>), unless you add them to the
1177 configuration. If you want the browser to handle this instead, you will need
1178 to edit <filename>user.action</filename> (or through the web based interface)
1179 and disable this feature. If you use more than one browser, it would make
1180 more sense to let <application>Privoxy</application> handle this. In which
1181 case, the browser(s) should be set to accept all cookies.
1185 Another feature where you will probably want to define exceptions for trusted
1186 sites is the popup-killing (through <ulink
1187 url="actions-file.html#FILTER-POPUPS"><quote>+filter{popups}</quote></ulink>),
1188 because your favorite shopping, banking, or leisure site may need
1189 popups (explained below).
1193 <application>Privoxy</application> does not support all of the optional HTTP/1.1
1194 features yet. In the unlikely event that you experience inexplicable problems
1195 with browsers that use HTTP/1.1 per default
1196 (like <application>Mozilla</application> or recent versions of I.E.), you might
1197 try to force HTTP/1.0 compatibility. For Mozilla, look under <literal>Edit ->
1198 Preferences -> Debug -> Networking</literal>.
1199 Alternatively, set the <quote>+downgrade-http-version</quote> config option in
1200 <filename>default.action</filename> which will downgrade your browser's HTTP
1201 requests from HTTP/1.1 to HTTP/1.0 before processing them.
1205 After running <application>Privoxy</application> for a while, you can
1206 start to fine tune the configuration to suit your personal, or site,
1207 preferences and requirements. There are many, many aspects that can
1208 be customized. <quote>Actions</quote>
1209 can be adjusted by pointing your browser to
1210 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/">http://config.privoxy.org/</ulink>
1211 (shortcut: <ulink url="http://p.p/">http://p.p/</ulink>),
1212 and then follow the link to <quote>View & Change the Current Configuration</quote>.
1213 (This is an internal page and does not require Internet access.)
1217 In fact, various aspects of <application>Privoxy</application>
1218 configuration can be viewed from this page, including
1219 current configuration parameters, source code version numbers,
1220 the browser's request headers, and <quote>actions</quote> that apply
1221 to a given URL. In addition to the actions file
1222 editor mentioned above, <application>Privoxy</application> can also
1223 be turned <quote>on</quote> and <quote>off</quote> (toggled) from this page.
1227 If you encounter problems, try loading the page without
1228 <application>Privoxy</application>. If that helps, enter the URL where
1229 you have the problems into <ulink url="http://p.p/show-url-info">the browser
1230 based rule tracing utility</ulink>. See which rules apply and why, and
1231 then try turning them off for that site one after the other, until the problem
1232 is gone. When you have found the culprit, you might want to turn the rest on
1237 If the above paragraph sounds gibberish to you, you might want to <link
1238 linkend="actions-file">read more about the actions concept</link>
1239 or even dive deep into the <link linkend="actionsanat">Appendix
1244 If you can't get rid of the problem at all, think you've found a bug in
1245 Privoxy, want to propose a new feature or smarter rules, please see the
1246 section <link linkend="contact"><quote>Contacting the
1247 Developers</quote></link> below.
1252 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1253 <sect2 id="cmdoptions">
1254 <title>Command Line Options</title>
1256 <application>Privoxy</application> may be invoked with the following
1257 command-line options:
1265 <emphasis>--config-test</emphasis>
1268 Exit after loading the configuration files before binding to
1269 the listen address. The exit code signals whether or not the
1270 configuration files have been successfully loaded.
1273 If the exit code is 1, at least one of the configuration files
1274 is invalid, if it is 0, all the configuration files have been
1275 successfully loaded (but may still contain errors that can
1276 currently only be detected at run time).
1279 This option doesn't affect the log setting, combination with
1280 <emphasis>--no-daemon</emphasis> is recommended if a configured
1281 log file shouldn't be used.
1286 <emphasis>--version</emphasis>
1289 Print version info and exit. Unix only.
1294 <emphasis>--help</emphasis>
1297 Print short usage info and exit. Unix only.
1302 <emphasis>--no-daemon</emphasis>
1305 Don't become a daemon, i.e. don't fork and become process group
1306 leader, and don't detach from controlling tty. Unix only.
1311 <emphasis>--pidfile FILE</emphasis>
1314 On startup, write the process ID to <emphasis>FILE</emphasis>. Delete the
1315 <emphasis>FILE</emphasis> on exit. Failure to create or delete the
1316 <emphasis>FILE</emphasis> is non-fatal. If no <emphasis>FILE</emphasis>
1317 option is given, no PID file will be used. Unix only.
1322 <emphasis>--user USER[.GROUP]</emphasis>
1325 After (optionally) writing the PID file, assume the user ID of
1326 <emphasis>USER</emphasis>, and if included the GID of GROUP. Exit if the
1327 privileges are not sufficient to do so. Unix only.
1332 <emphasis>--chroot</emphasis>
1335 Before changing to the user ID given in the <emphasis>--user</emphasis> option,
1336 chroot to that user's home directory, i.e. make the kernel pretend to the &my-app;
1337 process that the directory tree starts there. If set up carefully, this can limit
1338 the impact of possible vulnerabilities in &my-app; to the files contained in that hierarchy.
1344 <emphasis>--pre-chroot-nslookup hostname</emphasis>
1347 Specifies a hostname (for example www.privoxy.org) to look up before doing a chroot.
1348 On some systems, initializing the resolver library involves reading config files from
1349 /etc and/or loading additional shared libraries from /lib.
1350 On these systems, doing a hostname lookup before the chroot reduces
1351 the number of files that must be copied into the chroot tree.
1354 For fastest startup speed, a good value is a hostname that is not in /etc/hosts but that
1355 your local name server (listed in /etc/resolv.conf) can resolve without recursion
1356 (that is, without having to ask any other name servers). The hostname need not exist,
1357 but if it doesn't, an error message (which can be ignored) will be output.
1363 <emphasis>configfile</emphasis>
1366 If no <emphasis>configfile</emphasis> is included on the command line,
1367 <application>Privoxy</application> will look for a file named
1368 <quote>config</quote> in the current directory (except on Win32
1369 where it will look for <quote>config.txt</quote> instead). Specify
1370 full path to avoid confusion. If no config file is found,
1371 <application>Privoxy</application> will fail to start.
1379 On <application>MS Windows</application> only there are two additional
1380 command-line options to allow <application>Privoxy</application> to install and
1381 run as a <emphasis>service</emphasis>. See the
1382 <link linkend="installation-pack-win">Window Installation section</link>
1390 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
1393 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1394 <sect1 id="configuration"><title>Privoxy Configuration</title>
1396 All <application>Privoxy</application> configuration is stored
1397 in text files. These files can be edited with a text editor.
1398 Many important aspects of <application>Privoxy</application> can
1399 also be controlled easily with a web browser.
1403 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1406 <title>Controlling Privoxy with Your Web Browser</title>
1408 <application>Privoxy</application>'s user interface can be reached through the special
1409 URL <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/">http://config.privoxy.org/</ulink>
1410 (shortcut: <ulink url="http://p.p/">http://p.p/</ulink>),
1411 which is a built-in page and works without Internet access.
1412 You will see the following section:
1416 <!-- Needs to be put in a table and colorized -->
1419 <bridgehead renderas="sect2"> Privoxy Menu</bridgehead>
1423 ▪ <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">View & change the current configuration</ulink>
1426 ▪ <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-version">View the source code version numbers</ulink>
1429 ▪ <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-request">View the request headers.</ulink>
1432 ▪ <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info">Look up which actions apply to a URL and why</ulink>
1435 ▪ <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/toggle">Toggle Privoxy on or off</ulink>
1438 ▪ <ulink
1439 url="http://www.privoxy.org/&p-version;/user-manual/">Documentation</ulink>
1447 This should be self-explanatory. Note the first item leads to an editor for the
1448 <link linkend="actions-file">actions files</link>, which is where the ad, banner,
1449 cookie, and URL blocking magic is configured as well as other advanced features of
1450 <application>Privoxy</application>. This is an easy way to adjust various
1451 aspects of <application>Privoxy</application> configuration. The actions
1452 file, and other configuration files, are explained in detail below.
1456 <quote>Toggle Privoxy On or Off</quote> is handy for sites that might
1457 have problems with your current actions and filters. You can in fact use
1458 it as a test to see whether it is <application>Privoxy</application>
1459 causing the problem or not. <application>Privoxy</application> continues
1460 to run as a proxy in this case, but all manipulation is disabled, i.e.
1461 <application>Privoxy</application> acts like a normal forwarding proxy. There
1462 is even a toggle <link linkend="bookmarklets">Bookmarklet</link> offered, so
1463 that you can toggle <application>Privoxy</application> with one click from
1468 Note that several of the features described above are disabled by default
1469 in <application>Privoxy</application> 3.0.7 beta and later.
1471 <ulink url="config.html">configuration file</ulink> to learn why
1472 and in which cases it's safe to enable them again.
1477 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
1482 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1484 <sect2 id="confoverview">
1485 <title>Configuration Files Overview</title>
1487 For Unix, *BSD and Linux, all configuration files are located in
1488 <filename>/etc/privoxy/</filename> by default. For MS Windows, OS/2, and
1489 AmigaOS these are all in the same directory as the
1490 <application>Privoxy</application> executable. <![%p-not-stable;[ The name
1491 and number of configuration files has changed from previous versions, and is
1492 subject to change as development progresses.]]>
1496 The installed defaults provide a reasonable starting point, though
1497 some settings may be aggressive by some standards. For the time being, the
1498 principle configuration files are:
1506 The <link linkend="config">main configuration file</link> is named <filename>config</filename>
1507 on Linux, Unix, BSD, OS/2, and AmigaOS and <filename>config.txt</filename>
1508 on Windows. This is a required file.
1514 <filename>match-all.action</filename> is used to define which <quote>actions</quote>
1515 relating to banner-blocking, images, pop-ups, content modification, cookie handling
1516 etc should be applied by default. It should be the first actions file loaded.
1519 <filename>default.action</filename> defines many exceptions (both positive and negative)
1520 from the default set of actions that's configured in <filename>match-all.action</filename>.
1521 It should be the second actions file loaded and shouldn't be edited by the user.
1524 Multiple actions files may be defined in <filename>config</filename>. These
1525 are processed in the order they are defined. Local customizations and locally
1526 preferred exceptions to the default policies as defined in
1527 <filename>match-all.action</filename> (which you will most probably want
1528 to define sooner or later) are best applied in <filename>user.action</filename>,
1529 where you can preserve them across upgrades. The file isn't installed by all
1530 installers, but you can easily create it yourself with a text editor.
1533 There is also a web based editor that can be accessed from
1535 url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</ulink>
1537 url="http://p.p/show-status">http://p.p/show-status</ulink>) for the
1538 various actions files.
1544 <quote>Filter files</quote> (the <link linkend="filter-file">filter
1545 file</link>) can be used to re-write the raw page content, including
1546 viewable text as well as embedded HTML and JavaScript, and whatever else
1547 lurks on any given web page. The filtering jobs are only pre-defined here;
1548 whether to apply them or not is up to the actions files.
1549 <filename>default.filter</filename> includes various filters made
1550 available for use by the developers. Some are much more intrusive than
1551 others, and all should be used with caution. You may define additional
1552 filter files in <filename>config</filename> as you can with
1553 actions files. We suggest <filename>user.filter</filename> for any
1554 locally defined filters or customizations.
1562 The syntax of the configuration and filter files may change between different
1563 Privoxy versions, unfortunately some enhancements cost backwards compatibility.
1564 <!-- Add link to documentation-->
1568 All files use the <quote><literal>#</literal></quote> character to denote a
1569 comment (the rest of the line will be ignored) and understand line continuation
1570 through placing a backslash ("<literal>\</literal>") as the very last character
1571 in a line. If the <literal>#</literal> is preceded by a backslash, it looses
1572 its special function. Placing a <literal>#</literal> in front of an otherwise
1573 valid configuration line to prevent it from being interpreted is called "commenting
1574 out" that line. Blank lines are ignored.
1578 The actions files and filter files
1579 can use Perl style <link linkend="regex">regular expressions</link> for
1580 maximum flexibility.
1584 After making any changes, there is no need to restart
1585 <application>Privoxy</application> in order for the changes to take
1586 effect. <application>Privoxy</application> detects such changes
1587 automatically. Note, however, that it may take one or two additional
1588 requests for the change to take effect. When changing the listening address
1589 of <application>Privoxy</application>, these <quote>wake up</quote> requests
1590 must obviously be sent to the <emphasis>old</emphasis> listening address.
1595 While under development, the configuration content is subject to change.
1596 The below documentation may not be accurate by the time you read this.
1597 Also, what constitutes a <quote>default</quote> setting, may change, so
1598 please check all your configuration files on important issues.
1604 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
1607 <!-- ~~~~~~~~ New section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
1609 <!-- **************************************************** -->
1610 <!-- Include config.sgml here -->
1611 <!-- This is where the entire config file is detailed. -->
1613 <!-- end include -->
1616 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
1620 <!-- ~~~~~~~~ New section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
1622 <sect1 id="actions-file"><title>Actions Files</title>
1626 XXX: similar descriptions are in the Configuration Files sections.
1627 We should only describe them at one place.
1630 The actions files are used to define what <emphasis>actions</emphasis>
1631 <application>Privoxy</application> takes for which URLs, and thus determines
1632 how ad images, cookies and various other aspects of HTTP content and
1633 transactions are handled, and on which sites (or even parts thereof).
1634 There are a number of such actions, with a wide range of functionality.
1635 Each action does something a little different.
1636 These actions give us a veritable arsenal of tools with which to exert
1637 our control, preferences and independence. Actions can be combined so that
1638 their effects are aggregated when applied against a given set of URLs.
1642 are three action files included with <application>Privoxy</application> with
1649 <filename>match-all.action</filename> - is used to define which
1650 <quote>actions</quote> relating to banner-blocking, images, pop-ups,
1651 content modification, cookie handling etc should be applied by default.
1652 It should be the first actions file loaded
1657 <filename>default.action</filename> - defines many exceptions (both
1658 positive and negative) from the default set of actions that's configured
1659 in <filename>match-all.action</filename>. It is a set of rules that should
1660 work reasonably well as-is for most users. This file is only supposed to
1661 be edited by the developers. It should be the second actions file loaded.
1666 <filename>user.action</filename> - is intended to be for local site
1667 preferences and exceptions. As an example, if your ISP or your bank
1668 has specific requirements, and need special handling, this kind of
1669 thing should go here. This file will not be upgraded.
1674 <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> <guibutton>Set to Cautious</guibutton> <guibutton>Set to Medium</guibutton> <guibutton>Set to Advanced</guibutton>
1677 These have increasing levels of aggressiveness <emphasis>and have no
1678 influence on your browsing unless you select them explicitly in the
1679 editor</emphasis>. A default installation should be pre-set to
1680 <literal>Cautious</literal>. New users should try this for a while before
1681 adjusting the settings to more aggressive levels. The more aggressive
1682 the settings, then the more likelihood there is of problems such as sites
1683 not working as they should.
1686 The <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> button allows you to turn each
1687 action on/off individually for fine-tuning. The <guibutton>Cautious</guibutton>
1688 button changes the actions list to low/safe settings which will activate
1689 ad blocking and a minimal set of &my-app;'s features, and subsequently
1690 there will be less of a chance for accidental problems. The
1691 <guibutton>Medium</guibutton> button sets the list to a medium level of
1692 other features and a low level set of privacy features. The
1693 <guibutton>Advanced</guibutton> button sets the list to a high level of
1694 ad blocking and medium level of privacy. See the chart below. The latter
1695 three buttons over-ride any changes via with the
1696 <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> button. More fine-tuning can be done in the
1697 lower sections of this internal page.
1700 While the actions file editor allows to enable these settings in all
1701 actions files, they are only supposed to be enabled in the first one
1702 to make sure you don't unintentionally overrule earlier rules.
1705 The default profiles, and their associated actions, as pre-defined in
1706 <filename>default.action</filename> are:
1709 <table frame=all><title>Default Configurations</title>
1710 <tgroup cols=4 align=left colsep=1 rowsep=1>
1711 <colspec colname=c1>
1712 <colspec colname=c2>
1713 <colspec colname=c3>
1714 <colspec colname=c4>
1717 <entry>Feature</entry>
1718 <entry>Cautious</entry>
1719 <entry>Medium</entry>
1720 <entry>Advanced</entry>
1725 <!-- <entry>f1</entry> -->
1726 <!-- <entry>f2</entry> -->
1727 <!-- <entry>f3</entry> -->
1728 <!-- <entry>f4</entry> -->
1734 <entry>Ad-blocking Aggressiveness</entry>
1735 <entry>medium</entry>
1741 <entry>Ad-filtering by size</entry>
1748 <entry>Ad-filtering by link</entry>
1754 <entry>Pop-up killing</entry>
1755 <entry>blocks only</entry>
1756 <entry>blocks only</entry>
1757 <entry>blocks only</entry>
1761 <entry>Privacy Features</entry>
1763 <entry>medium</entry>
1764 <entry>medium/high</entry>
1768 <entry>Cookie handling</entry>
1770 <entry>session-only</entry>
1775 <entry>Referer forging</entry>
1782 <entry>GIF de-animation</entry>
1789 <entry>Fast redirects</entry>
1796 <entry>HTML taming</entry>
1803 <entry>JavaScript taming</entry>
1810 <entry>Web-bug killing</entry>
1817 <entry>Image tag reordering</entry>
1833 The list of actions files to be used are defined in the main configuration
1834 file, and are processed in the order they are defined (e.g.
1835 <filename>default.action</filename> is typically processed before
1836 <filename>user.action</filename>). The content of these can all be viewed and
1838 url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</ulink>.
1839 The over-riding principle when applying actions, is that the last action that
1840 matches a given URL wins. The broadest, most general rules go first
1841 (defined in <filename>default.action</filename>),
1842 followed by any exceptions (typically also in
1843 <filename>default.action</filename>), which are then followed lastly by any
1844 local preferences (typically in <emphasis>user</emphasis><filename>.action</filename>).
1845 Generally, <filename>user.action</filename> has the last word.
1849 An actions file typically has multiple sections. If you want to use
1850 <quote>aliases</quote> in an actions file, you have to place the (optional)
1851 <link linkend="aliases">alias section</link> at the top of that file.
1852 Then comes the default set of rules which will apply universally to all
1853 sites and pages (be <emphasis>very careful</emphasis> with using such a
1854 universal set in <filename>user.action</filename> or any other actions file after
1855 <filename>default.action</filename>, because it will override the result
1856 from consulting any previous file). And then below that,
1857 exceptions to the defined universal policies. You can regard
1858 <filename>user.action</filename> as an appendix to <filename>default.action</filename>,
1859 with the advantage that it is a separate file, which makes preserving your
1860 personal settings across <application>Privoxy</application> upgrades easier.
1864 Actions can be used to block anything you want, including ads, banners, or
1865 just some obnoxious URL whose content you would rather not see. Cookies can be accepted
1866 or rejected, or accepted only during the current browser session (i.e. not
1867 written to disk), content can be modified, some JavaScripts tamed, user-tracking
1868 fooled, and much more. See below for a <link linkend="actions">complete list
1872 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1874 <title>Finding the Right Mix</title>
1876 Note that some <link linkend="actions">actions</link>, like cookie suppression
1877 or script disabling, may render some sites unusable that rely on these
1878 techniques to work properly. Finding the right mix of actions is not always easy and
1879 certainly a matter of personal taste. And, things can always change, requiring
1880 refinements in the configuration. In general, it can be said that the more
1881 <quote>aggressive</quote> your default settings (in the top section of the
1882 actions file) are, the more exceptions for <quote>trusted</quote> sites you
1883 will have to make later. If, for example, you want to crunch all cookies per
1884 default, you'll have to make exceptions from that rule for sites that you
1885 regularly use and that require cookies for actually useful purposes, like maybe
1886 your bank, favorite shop, or newspaper.
1890 We have tried to provide you with reasonable rules to start from in the
1891 distribution actions files. But there is no general rule of thumb on these
1892 things. There just are too many variables, and sites are constantly changing.
1893 Sooner or later you will want to change the rules (and read this chapter again :).
1897 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1899 <title>How to Edit</title>
1901 The easiest way to edit the actions files is with a browser by
1902 using our browser-based editor, which can be reached from <ulink
1903 url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</ulink>.
1904 Note: the config file option <link
1905 linkend="enable-edit-actions">enable-edit-actions</link> must be enabled for
1906 this to work. The editor allows both fine-grained control over every single
1907 feature on a per-URL basis, and easy choosing from wholesale sets of defaults
1908 like <quote>Cautious</quote>, <quote>Medium</quote> or
1909 <quote>Advanced</quote>. Warning: the <quote>Advanced</quote> setting is more
1910 aggressive, and will be more likely to cause problems for some sites.
1911 Experienced users only!
1915 If you prefer plain text editing to GUIs, you can of course also directly edit the
1916 the actions files with your favorite text editor. Look at
1917 <filename>default.action</filename> which is richly commented with many
1923 <sect2 id="actions-apply">
1924 <title>How Actions are Applied to Requests</title>
1926 Actions files are divided into sections. There are special sections,
1927 like the <quote><link linkend="aliases">alias</link></quote> sections which will
1928 be discussed later. For now let's concentrate on regular sections: They have a
1929 heading line (often split up to multiple lines for readability) which consist
1930 of a list of actions, separated by whitespace and enclosed in curly braces.
1931 Below that, there is a list of URL and tag patterns, each on a separate line.
1935 To determine which actions apply to a request, the URL of the request is
1936 compared to all URL patterns in each <quote>action file</quote>.
1937 Every time it matches, the list of applicable actions for the request is
1938 incrementally updated, using the heading of the section in which the
1939 pattern is located. The same is done again for tags and tag patterns later on.
1943 If multiple applying sections set the same action differently,
1944 the last match wins. If not, the effects are aggregated.
1945 E.g. a URL might match a regular section with a heading line of <literal>{
1946 +<link linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link> }</literal>,
1947 then later another one with just <literal>{
1948 +<link linkend="block">block</link> }</literal>, resulting
1949 in <emphasis>both</emphasis> actions to apply. And there may well be
1950 cases where you will want to combine actions together. Such a section then
1956 { +<literal>handle-as-image</literal> +<literal>block{Banner ads.}</literal> }
1957 # Block these as if they were images. Send no block page.
1959 media.example.com/.*banners
1960 .example.com/images/ads/</screen>
1964 You can trace this process for URL patterns and any given URL by visiting <ulink
1965 url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info">http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info</ulink>.
1969 Examples and more detail on this is provided in the Appendix, <link linkend="ACTIONSANAT">
1970 Troubleshooting: Anatomy of an Action</link> section.
1974 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1975 <sect2 id="af-patterns">
1976 <title>Patterns</title>
1978 As mentioned, <application>Privoxy</application> uses <quote>patterns</quote>
1979 to determine what <emphasis>actions</emphasis> might apply to which sites and
1980 pages your browser attempts to access. These <quote>patterns</quote> use wild
1981 card type <emphasis>pattern</emphasis> matching to achieve a high degree of
1982 flexibility. This allows one expression to be expanded and potentially match
1983 against many similar patterns.
1987 Generally, an URL pattern has the form
1988 <literal><host><port>/<path></literal>, where the
1989 <literal><host></literal>, the <literal><port></literal>
1990 and the <literal><path></literal> are optional. (This is why the special
1991 <literal>/</literal> pattern matches all URLs). Note that the protocol
1992 portion of the URL pattern (e.g. <literal>http://</literal>) should
1993 <emphasis>not</emphasis> be included in the pattern. This is assumed already!
1996 The pattern matching syntax is different for the host and path parts of
1997 the URL. The host part uses a simple globbing type matching technique,
1998 while the path part uses more flexible
1999 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions"><quote>Regular
2000 Expressions</quote></ulink> (POSIX 1003.2).
2003 The port part of a pattern is a decimal port number preceded by a colon
2004 (<literal>:</literal>). If the host part contains a numerical IPv6 address,
2005 it has to be put into angle brackets
2006 (<literal><</literal>, <literal>></literal>).
2011 <term><literal>www.example.com/</literal></term>
2014 is a host-only pattern and will match any request to <literal>www.example.com</literal>,
2015 regardless of which document on that server is requested. So ALL pages in
2016 this domain would be covered by the scope of this action. Note that a
2017 simple <literal>example.com</literal> is different and would NOT match.
2022 <term><literal>www.example.com</literal></term>
2025 means exactly the same. For host-only patterns, the trailing <literal>/</literal> may
2031 <term><literal>www.example.com/index.html</literal></term>
2034 matches all the documents on <literal>www.example.com</literal>
2035 whose name starts with <literal>/index.html</literal>.
2040 <term><literal>www.example.com/index.html$</literal></term>
2043 matches only the single document <literal>/index.html</literal>
2044 on <literal>www.example.com</literal>.
2049 <term><literal>/index.html$</literal></term>
2052 matches the document <literal>/index.html</literal>, regardless of the domain,
2053 i.e. on <emphasis>any</emphasis> web server anywhere.
2058 <term><literal>/</literal></term>
2061 Matches any URL because there's no requirement for either the
2062 domain or the path to match anything.
2067 <term><literal>:8000/</literal></term>
2070 Matches any URL pointing to TCP port 8000.
2075 <term><literal>10.0.0.1/</literal></term>
2078 Matches any URL with the host address <literal>10.0.0.1</literal>.
2079 (Note that the real URL uses plain brackets, not angle brackets.)
2084 <term><literal><2001:db8::1>/</literal></term>
2087 Matches any URL with the host address <literal>2001:db8::1</literal>.
2088 (Note that the real URL uses plain brackets, not angle brackets.)
2093 <term><literal>index.html</literal></term>
2096 matches nothing, since it would be interpreted as a domain name and
2097 there is no top-level domain called <literal>.html</literal>. So its
2105 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2106 <sect3 id="host-pattern"><title>The Host Pattern</title>
2109 The matching of the host part offers some flexible options: if the
2110 host pattern starts or ends with a dot, it becomes unanchored at that end.
2111 The host pattern is often referred to as domain pattern as it is usually
2112 used to match domain names and not IP addresses.
2118 <term><literal>.example.com</literal></term>
2121 matches any domain with first-level domain <literal>com</literal>
2122 and second-level domain <literal>example</literal>.
2123 For example <literal>www.example.com</literal>,
2124 <literal>example.com</literal> and <literal>foo.bar.baz.example.com</literal>.
2125 Note that it wouldn't match if the second-level domain was <literal>another-example</literal>.
2130 <term><literal>www.</literal></term>
2133 matches any domain that <emphasis>STARTS</emphasis> with
2134 <literal>www.</literal> (It also matches the domain
2135 <literal>www</literal> but most of the time that doesn't matter.)
2140 <term><literal>.example.</literal></term>
2143 matches any domain that <emphasis>CONTAINS</emphasis> <literal>.example.</literal>.
2144 And, by the way, also included would be any files or documents that exist
2145 within that domain since no path limitations are specified. (Correctly
2146 speaking: It matches any FQDN that contains <literal>example</literal> as
2147 a domain.) This might be <literal>www.example.com</literal>,
2148 <literal>news.example.de</literal>, or
2149 <literal>www.example.net/cgi/testing.pl</literal> for instance. All these
2157 Additionally, there are wild-cards that you can use in the domain names
2158 themselves. These work similarly to shell globbing type wild-cards:
2159 <quote>*</quote> represents zero or more arbitrary characters (this is
2161 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions"><quote>Regular
2162 Expression</quote></ulink> based syntax of <quote>.*</quote>),
2163 <quote>?</quote> represents any single character (this is equivalent to the
2164 regular expression syntax of a simple <quote>.</quote>), and you can define
2165 <quote>character classes</quote> in square brackets which is similar to
2166 the same regular expression technique. All of this can be freely mixed:
2171 <term><literal>ad*.example.com</literal></term>
2174 matches <quote>adserver.example.com</quote>,
2175 <quote>ads.example.com</quote>, etc but not <quote>sfads.example.com</quote>
2180 <term><literal>*ad*.example.com</literal></term>
2183 matches all of the above, and then some.
2188 <term><literal>.?pix.com</literal></term>
2191 matches <literal>www.ipix.com</literal>,
2192 <literal>pictures.epix.com</literal>, <literal>a.b.c.d.e.upix.com</literal> etc.
2197 <term><literal>www[1-9a-ez].example.c*</literal></term>
2200 matches <literal>www1.example.com</literal>,
2201 <literal>www4.example.cc</literal>, <literal>wwwd.example.cy</literal>,
2202 <literal>wwwz.example.com</literal> etc., but <emphasis>not</emphasis>
2203 <literal>wwww.example.com</literal>.
2210 While flexible, this is not the sophistication of full regular expression based syntax.
2215 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
2218 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2219 <sect3><title>The Path Pattern</title>
2222 <application>Privoxy</application> uses <quote>modern</quote> POSIX 1003.2
2223 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions"><quote>Regular
2224 Expressions</quote></ulink> for matching the path portion (after the slash),
2225 and is thus more flexible.
2229 There is an <link linkend="regex">Appendix</link> with a brief quick-start into regular
2230 expressions, you also might want to have a look at your operating system's documentation
2231 on regular expressions (try <literal>man re_format</literal>).
2235 Note that the path pattern is automatically left-anchored at the <quote>/</quote>,
2236 i.e. it matches as if it would start with a <quote>^</quote> (regular expression speak
2237 for the beginning of a line).
2241 Please also note that matching in the path is <emphasis>CASE INSENSITIVE</emphasis>
2242 by default, but you can switch to case sensitive at any point in the pattern by using the
2243 <quote>(?-i)</quote> switch: <literal>www.example.com/(?-i)PaTtErN.*</literal> will match
2244 only documents whose path starts with <literal>PaTtErN</literal> in
2245 <emphasis>exactly</emphasis> this capitalization.
2250 <term><literal>.example.com/.*</literal></term>
2253 Is equivalent to just <quote>.example.com</quote>, since any documents
2254 within that domain are matched with or without the <quote>.*</quote>
2255 regular expression. This is redundant
2260 <term><literal>.example.com/.*/index.html$</literal></term>
2263 Will match any page in the domain of <quote>example.com</quote> that is
2264 named <quote>index.html</quote>, and that is part of some path. For
2265 example, it matches <quote>www.example.com/testing/index.html</quote> but
2266 NOT <quote>www.example.com/index.html</quote> because the regular
2267 expression called for at least two <quote>/'s</quote>, thus the path
2268 requirement. It also would match
2269 <quote>www.example.com/testing/index_html</quote>, because of the
2270 special meta-character <quote>.</quote>.
2275 <term><literal>.example.com/(.*/)?index\.html$</literal></term>
2278 This regular expression is conditional so it will match any page
2279 named <quote>index.html</quote> regardless of path which in this case can
2280 have one or more <quote>/'s</quote>. And this one must contain exactly
2281 <quote>.html</quote> (but does not have to end with that!).
2286 <term><literal>.example.com/(.*/)(ads|banners?|junk)</literal></term>
2289 This regular expression will match any path of <quote>example.com</quote>
2290 that contains any of the words <quote>ads</quote>, <quote>banner</quote>,
2291 <quote>banners</quote> (because of the <quote>?</quote>) or <quote>junk</quote>.
2292 The path does not have to end in these words, just contain them.
2297 <term><literal>.example.com/(.*/)(ads|banners?|junk)/.*\.(jpe?g|gif|png)$</literal></term>
2300 This is very much the same as above, except now it must end in either
2301 <quote>.jpg</quote>, <quote>.jpeg</quote>, <quote>.gif</quote> or <quote>.png</quote>. So this
2302 one is limited to common image formats.
2309 There are many, many good examples to be found in <filename>default.action</filename>,
2310 and more tutorials below in <link linkend="regex">Appendix on regular expressions</link>.
2315 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
2318 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2319 <sect3 id="tag-pattern"><title>The Tag Pattern</title>
2322 Tag patterns are used to change the applying actions based on the
2323 request's tags. Tags can be created with either the
2324 <link linkend="CLIENT-HEADER-TAGGER">client-header-tagger</link>
2325 or the <link linkend="SERVER-HEADER-TAGGER">server-header-tagger</link> action.
2329 Tag patterns have to start with <quote>TAG:</quote>, so &my-app;
2330 can tell them apart from URL patterns. Everything after the colon
2331 including white space, is interpreted as a regular expression with
2332 path pattern syntax, except that tag patterns aren't left-anchored
2333 automatically (&my-app; doesn't silently add a <quote>^</quote>,
2334 you have to do it yourself if you need it).
2338 To match all requests that are tagged with <quote>foo</quote>
2339 your pattern line should be <quote>TAG:^foo$</quote>,
2340 <quote>TAG:foo</quote> would work as well, but it would also
2341 match requests whose tags contain <quote>foo</quote> somewhere.
2342 <quote>TAG: foo</quote> wouldn't work as it requires white space.
2346 Sections can contain URL and tag patterns at the same time,
2347 but tag patterns are checked after the URL patterns and thus
2348 always overrule them, even if they are located before the URL patterns.
2352 Once a new tag is added, Privoxy checks right away if it's matched by one
2353 of the tag patterns and updates the action settings accordingly. As a result
2354 tags can be used to activate other tagger actions, as long as these other
2355 taggers look for headers that haven't already be parsed.
2359 For example you could tag client requests which use the
2360 <literal>POST</literal> method,
2361 then use this tag to activate another tagger that adds a tag if cookies
2362 are sent, and then use a block action based on the cookie tag. This allows
2363 the outcome of one action, to be input into a subsequent action. However if
2364 you'd reverse the position of the described taggers, and activated the
2365 method tagger based on the cookie tagger, no method tags would be created.
2366 The method tagger would look for the request line, but at the time
2367 the cookie tag is created, the request line has already been parsed.
2371 While this is a limitation you should be aware of, this kind of
2372 indirection is seldom needed anyway and even the example doesn't
2373 make too much sense.
2378 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2379 <sect3 id="negative-tag-patterns"><title>The Negative Tag Patterns</title>
2382 To match requests that do not have a certain tag, specify a negative tag pattern
2383 by prefixing the tag pattern line with either <quote>NO-REQUEST-TAG:</quote>
2384 or <quote>NO-RESPONSE-TAG:</quote> instead of <quote>TAG:</quote>.
2388 Negative tag patterns created with <quote>NO-REQUEST-TAG:</quote> are checked
2389 after all client headers are scanned, the ones created with <quote>NO-RESPONSE-TAG:</quote>
2390 are checked after all server headers are scanned. In both cases all the created
2391 tags are considered.
2397 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
2400 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2402 <sect2 id="actions">
2403 <title>Actions</title>
2405 All actions are disabled by default, until they are explicitly enabled
2406 somewhere in an actions file. Actions are turned on if preceded with a
2407 <quote>+</quote>, and turned off if preceded with a <quote>-</quote>. So a
2408 <literal>+action</literal> means <quote>do that action</quote>, e.g.
2409 <literal>+block</literal> means <quote>please block URLs that match the
2410 following patterns</quote>, and <literal>-block</literal> means <quote>don't
2411 block URLs that match the following patterns, even if <literal>+block</literal>
2412 previously applied.</quote>
2417 Again, actions are invoked by placing them on a line, enclosed in curly braces and
2418 separated by whitespace, like in
2419 <literal>{+some-action -some-other-action{some-parameter}}</literal>,
2420 followed by a list of URL patterns, one per line, to which they apply.
2421 Together, the actions line and the following pattern lines make up a section
2422 of the actions file.
2426 Actions fall into three categories:
2433 Boolean, i.e the action can only be <quote>enabled</quote> or
2434 <quote>disabled</quote>. Syntax:
2438 +<replaceable class="function">name</replaceable> # enable action <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
2439 -<replaceable class="function">name</replaceable> # disable action <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></screen>
2442 Example: <literal>+handle-as-image</literal>
2449 Parameterized, where some value is required in order to enable this type of action.
2454 +<replaceable class="function">name</replaceable>{<replaceable class="parameter">param</replaceable>} # enable action and set parameter to <replaceable class="parameter">param</replaceable>,
2455 # overwriting parameter from previous match if necessary
2456 -<replaceable class="function">name</replaceable> # disable action. The parameter can be omitted</screen>
2459 Note that if the URL matches multiple positive forms of a parameterized action,
2460 the last match wins, i.e. the params from earlier matches are simply ignored.
2463 Example: <literal>+hide-user-agent{Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; FreeBSD i386; en-US; rv:1.8.1.4) Gecko/20070602 Firefox/2.0.0.4}</literal>
2469 Multi-value. These look exactly like parameterized actions,
2470 but they behave differently: If the action applies multiple times to the
2471 same URL, but with different parameters, <emphasis>all</emphasis> the parameters
2472 from <emphasis>all</emphasis> matches are remembered. This is used for actions
2473 that can be executed for the same request repeatedly, like adding multiple
2474 headers, or filtering through multiple filters. Syntax:
2478 +<replaceable class="function">name</replaceable>{<replaceable class="parameter">param</replaceable>} # enable action and add <replaceable class="parameter">param</replaceable> to the list of parameters
2479 -<replaceable class="function">name</replaceable>{<replaceable class="parameter">param</replaceable>} # remove the parameter <replaceable class="parameter">param</replaceable> from the list of parameters
2480 # If it was the last one left, disable the action.
2481 <replaceable class="parameter">-name</replaceable> # disable this action completely and remove all parameters from the list</screen>
2484 Examples: <literal>+add-header{X-Fun-Header: Some text}</literal> and
2485 <literal>+filter{html-annoyances}</literal>
2493 If nothing is specified in any actions file, no <quote>actions</quote> are
2494 taken. So in this case <application>Privoxy</application> would just be a
2495 normal, non-blocking, non-filtering proxy. You must specifically enable the
2496 privacy and blocking features you need (although the provided default actions
2497 files will give a good starting point).
2501 Later defined action sections always over-ride earlier ones of the same type.
2502 So exceptions to any rules you make, should come in the latter part of the file (or
2503 in a file that is processed later when using multiple actions files such
2504 as <filename>user.action</filename>). For multi-valued actions, the actions
2505 are applied in the order they are specified. Actions files are processed in
2506 the order they are defined in <filename>config</filename> (the default
2507 installation has three actions files). It also quite possible for any given
2508 URL to match more than one <quote>pattern</quote> (because of wildcards and
2509 regular expressions), and thus to trigger more than one set of actions! Last
2513 <!-- start actions listing -->
2515 The list of valid <application>Privoxy</application> actions are:
2519 <!-- ********************************************************** -->
2520 <!-- Please note the below defined actions use id's that are -->
2521 <!-- probably linked from other places, so please don't change. -->
2523 <!-- ********************************************************** -->
2526 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2528 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="add-header">
2529 <title>add-header</title>
2533 <term>Typical use:</term>
2535 <para>Confuse log analysis, custom applications</para>
2540 <term>Effect:</term>
2543 Sends a user defined HTTP header to the web server.
2550 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
2552 <para>Multi-value.</para>
2557 <term>Parameter:</term>
2560 Any string value is possible. Validity of the defined HTTP headers is not checked.
2561 It is recommended that you use the <quote><literal>X-</literal></quote> prefix
2571 This action may be specified multiple times, in order to define multiple
2572 headers. This is rarely needed for the typical user. If you don't know what
2573 <quote>HTTP headers</quote> are, you definitely don't need to worry about this
2577 Headers added by this action are not modified by other actions.
2583 <term>Example usage:</term>
2586 <screen>+add-header{X-User-Tracking: sucks}</screen>
2594 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2595 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="block">
2596 <title>block</title>
2600 <term>Typical use:</term>
2602 <para>Block ads or other unwanted content</para>
2607 <term>Effect:</term>
2610 Requests for URLs to which this action applies are blocked, i.e. the
2611 requests are trapped by &my-app; and the requested URL is never retrieved,
2612 but is answered locally with a substitute page or image, as determined by
2614 linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal>,
2616 linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link></literal>, and
2618 linkend="handle-as-empty-document">handle-as-empty-document</link></literal> actions.
2626 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
2628 <para>Parameterized.</para>
2633 <term>Parameter:</term>
2635 <para>A block reason that should be given to the user.</para>
2643 <application>Privoxy</application> sends a special <quote>BLOCKED</quote> page
2644 for requests to blocked pages. This page contains the block reason given as
2645 parameter, a link to find out why the block action applies, and a click-through
2646 to the blocked content (the latter only if the force feature is available and
2650 A very important exception occurs if <emphasis>both</emphasis>
2651 <literal>block</literal> and <literal><link linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal>,
2652 apply to the same request: it will then be replaced by an image. If
2653 <literal><link linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link></literal>
2654 (see below) also applies, the type of image will be determined by its parameter,
2655 if not, the standard checkerboard pattern is sent.
2658 It is important to understand this process, in order
2659 to understand how <application>Privoxy</application> deals with
2660 ads and other unwanted content. Blocking is a core feature, and one
2661 upon which various other features depend.
2664 The <literal><link linkend="filter">filter</link></literal>
2665 action can perform a very similar task, by <quote>blocking</quote>
2666 banner images and other content through rewriting the relevant URLs in the
2667 document's HTML source, so they don't get requested in the first place.
2668 Note that this is a totally different technique, and it's easy to confuse the two.
2674 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
2677 <screen>{+block{No nasty stuff for you.}}
2678 # Block and replace with "blocked" page
2679 .nasty-stuff.example.com
2681 {+block{Doubleclick banners.} +handle-as-image}
2682 # Block and replace with image
2686 {+block{Layered ads.} +handle-as-empty-document}
2687 # Block and then ignore
2688 adserver.example.net/.*\.js$</screen>
2698 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2699 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="change-x-forwarded-for">
2700 <title>change-x-forwarded-for</title>
2704 <term>Typical use:</term>
2706 <para>Improve privacy by not forwarding the source of the request in the HTTP headers.</para>
2711 <term>Effect:</term>
2714 Deletes the <quote>X-Forwarded-For:</quote> HTTP header from the client request,
2722 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
2724 <para>Parameterized.</para>
2729 <term>Parameter:</term>
2733 <para><quote>block</quote> to delete the header.</para>
2737 <quote>add</quote> to create the header (or append
2738 the client's IP address to an already existing one).
2749 It is safe and recommended to use <literal>block</literal>.
2752 Forwarding the source address of the request may make
2753 sense in some multi-user setups but is also a privacy risk.
2758 <term>Example usage:</term>
2761 <screen>+change-x-forwarded-for{block}</screen>
2768 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2769 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="client-header-filter">
2770 <title>client-header-filter</title>
2774 <term>Typical use:</term>
2777 Rewrite or remove single client headers.
2783 <term>Effect:</term>
2786 All client headers to which this action applies are filtered on-the-fly through
2787 the specified regular expression based substitutions.
2794 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
2796 <para>Parameterized.</para>
2801 <term>Parameter:</term>
2804 The name of a client-header filter, as defined in one of the
2805 <link linkend="filter-file">filter files</link>.
2814 Client-header filters are applied to each header on its own, not to
2815 all at once. This makes it easier to diagnose problems, but on the downside
2816 you can't write filters that only change header x if header y's value is z.
2817 You can do that by using tags though.
2820 Client-header filters are executed after the other header actions have finished
2821 and use their output as input.
2824 If the request URI gets changed, &my-app; will detect that and use the new
2825 one. This can be used to rewrite the request destination behind the client's
2826 back, for example to specify a Tor exit relay for certain requests.
2829 Please refer to the <link linkend="filter-file">filter file chapter</link>
2830 to learn which client-header filters are available by default, and how to
2838 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
2842 # Hide Tor exit notation in Host and Referer Headers
2843 {+client-header-filter{hide-tor-exit-notation}}
2854 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2855 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="client-header-tagger">
2856 <title>client-header-tagger</title>
2860 <term>Typical use:</term>
2863 Block requests based on their headers.
2869 <term>Effect:</term>
2872 Client headers to which this action applies are filtered on-the-fly through
2873 the specified regular expression based substitutions, the result is used as
2881 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
2883 <para>Parameterized.</para>
2888 <term>Parameter:</term>
2891 The name of a client-header tagger, as defined in one of the
2892 <link linkend="filter-file">filter files</link>.
2901 Client-header taggers are applied to each header on its own,
2902 and as the header isn't modified, each tagger <quote>sees</quote>
2906 Client-header taggers are the first actions that are executed
2907 and their tags can be used to control every other action.
2913 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
2917 # Tag every request with the User-Agent header
2918 {+client-header-tagger{user-agent}}
2921 # Tagging itself doesn't change the action
2922 # settings, sections with TAG patterns do:
2924 # If it's a download agent, use a different forwarding proxy,
2925 # show the real User-Agent and make sure resume works.
2926 {+forward-override{forward-socks5 10.0.0.2:2222 .} \
2927 -hide-if-modified-since \
2928 -overwrite-last-modified \
2933 TAG:^User-Agent: NetBSD-ftp/
2934 TAG:^User-Agent: Novell ZYPP Installer
2935 TAG:^User-Agent: RPM APT-HTTP/
2936 TAG:^User-Agent: fetch libfetch/
2937 TAG:^User-Agent: Ubuntu APT-HTTP/
2938 TAG:^User-Agent: MPlayer/
2943 # Tag all requests with the Range header set
2944 {+client-header-tagger{range-requests}}
2947 # Disable filtering for the tagged requests.
2949 # With filtering enabled Privoxy would remove the Range headers
2950 # to be able to filter the whole response. The downside is that
2951 # it prevents clients from resuming downloads or skipping over
2952 # parts of multimedia files.
2953 {-filter -deanimate-gifs}
2964 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2965 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="content-type-overwrite">
2966 <title>content-type-overwrite</title>
2970 <term>Typical use:</term>
2972 <para>Stop useless download menus from popping up, or change the browser's rendering mode</para>
2977 <term>Effect:</term>
2980 Replaces the <quote>Content-Type:</quote> HTTP server header.
2987 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
2989 <para>Parameterized.</para>
2994 <term>Parameter:</term>
3006 The <quote>Content-Type:</quote> HTTP server header is used by the
3007 browser to decide what to do with the document. The value of this
3008 header can cause the browser to open a download menu instead of
3009 displaying the document by itself, even if the document's format is
3010 supported by the browser.
3013 The declared content type can also affect which rendering mode
3014 the browser chooses. If XHTML is delivered as <quote>text/html</quote>,
3015 many browsers treat it as yet another broken HTML document.
3016 If it is send as <quote>application/xml</quote>, browsers with
3017 XHTML support will only display it, if the syntax is correct.
3020 If you see a web site that proudly uses XHTML buttons, but sets
3021 <quote>Content-Type: text/html</quote>, you can use &my-app;
3022 to overwrite it with <quote>application/xml</quote> and validate
3023 the web master's claim inside your XHTML-supporting browser.
3024 If the syntax is incorrect, the browser will complain loudly.
3027 You can also go the opposite direction: if your browser prints
3028 error messages instead of rendering a document falsely declared
3029 as XHTML, you can overwrite the content type with
3030 <quote>text/html</quote> and have it rendered as broken HTML document.
3033 By default <literal>content-type-overwrite</literal> only replaces
3034 <quote>Content-Type:</quote> headers that look like some kind of text.
3035 If you want to overwrite it unconditionally, you have to combine it with
3036 <literal><link linkend="force-text-mode">force-text-mode</link></literal>.
3037 This limitation exists for a reason, think twice before circumventing it.
3040 Most of the time it's easier to replace this action with a custom
3041 <literal><link linkend="server-header-filter">server-header filter</link></literal>.
3042 It allows you to activate it for every document of a certain site and it will still
3043 only replace the content types you aimed at.
3046 Of course you can apply <literal>content-type-overwrite</literal>
3047 to a whole site and then make URL based exceptions, but it's a lot
3048 more work to get the same precision.
3054 <term>Example usage (sections):</term>
3057 <screen># Check if www.example.net/ really uses valid XHTML
3058 { +content-type-overwrite{application/xml} }
3061 # but leave the content type unmodified if the URL looks like a style sheet
3062 {-content-type-overwrite}
3063 www.example.net/.*\.css$
3064 www.example.net/.*style
3073 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3074 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="crunch-client-header">
3078 <title>crunch-client-header</title>
3082 <term>Typical use:</term>
3084 <para>Remove a client header <application>Privoxy</application> has no dedicated action for.</para>
3089 <term>Effect:</term>
3092 Deletes every header sent by the client that contains the string the user supplied as parameter.
3099 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
3101 <para>Parameterized.</para>
3106 <term>Parameter:</term>
3118 This action allows you to block client headers for which no dedicated
3119 <application>Privoxy</application> action exists.
3120 <application>Privoxy</application> will remove every client header that
3121 contains the string you supplied as parameter.
3124 Regular expressions are <emphasis>not supported</emphasis> and you can't
3125 use this action to block different headers in the same request, unless
3126 they contain the same string.
3129 <literal>crunch-client-header</literal> is only meant for quick tests.
3130 If you have to block several different headers, or only want to modify
3131 parts of them, you should use a
3132 <literal><link linkend="client-header-filter">client-header filter</link></literal>.
3136 Don't block any header without understanding the consequences.
3143 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
3146 <screen># Block the non-existent "Privacy-Violation:" client header
3147 { +crunch-client-header{Privacy-Violation:} }
3157 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3158 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="crunch-if-none-match">
3159 <title>crunch-if-none-match</title>
3165 <term>Typical use:</term>
3167 <para>Prevent yet another way to track the user's steps between sessions.</para>
3172 <term>Effect:</term>
3175 Deletes the <quote>If-None-Match:</quote> HTTP client header.
3182 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
3184 <para>Boolean.</para>
3189 <term>Parameter:</term>
3201 Removing the <quote>If-None-Match:</quote> HTTP client header
3202 is useful for filter testing, where you want to force a real
3203 reload instead of getting status code <quote>304</quote> which
3204 would cause the browser to use a cached copy of the page.
3207 It is also useful to make sure the header isn't used as a cookie
3208 replacement (unlikely but possible).
3211 Blocking the <quote>If-None-Match:</quote> header shouldn't cause any
3212 caching problems, as long as the <quote>If-Modified-Since:</quote> header
3213 isn't blocked or missing as well.
3216 It is recommended to use this action together with
3217 <literal><link linkend="hide-if-modified-since">hide-if-modified-since</link></literal>
3219 <literal><link linkend="overwrite-last-modified">overwrite-last-modified</link></literal>.
3225 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
3228 <screen># Let the browser revalidate cached documents but don't
3229 # allow the server to use the revalidation headers for user tracking.
3230 {+hide-if-modified-since{-60} \
3231 +overwrite-last-modified{randomize} \
3232 +crunch-if-none-match}
3241 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3242 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="crunch-incoming-cookies">
3243 <title>crunch-incoming-cookies</title>
3247 <term>Typical use:</term>
3250 Prevent the web server from setting HTTP cookies on your system
3256 <term>Effect:</term>
3259 Deletes any <quote>Set-Cookie:</quote> HTTP headers from server replies.
3266 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
3268 <para>Boolean.</para>
3273 <term>Parameter:</term>
3285 This action is only concerned with <emphasis>incoming</emphasis> HTTP cookies. For
3286 <emphasis>outgoing</emphasis> HTTP cookies, use
3287 <literal><link linkend="crunch-outgoing-cookies">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link></literal>.
3288 Use <emphasis>both</emphasis> to disable HTTP cookies completely.
3291 It makes <emphasis>no sense at all</emphasis> to use this action in conjunction
3292 with the <literal><link linkend="session-cookies-only">session-cookies-only</link></literal> action,
3293 since it would prevent the session cookies from being set. See also
3294 <literal><link linkend="filter-content-cookies">filter-content-cookies</link></literal>.
3300 <term>Example usage:</term>
3303 <screen>+crunch-incoming-cookies</screen>
3311 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3312 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="crunch-server-header">
3313 <title>crunch-server-header</title>
3319 <term>Typical use:</term>
3321 <para>Remove a server header <application>Privoxy</application> has no dedicated action for.</para>
3326 <term>Effect:</term>
3329 Deletes every header sent by the server that contains the string the user supplied as parameter.
3336 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
3338 <para>Parameterized.</para>
3343 <term>Parameter:</term>
3355 This action allows you to block server headers for which no dedicated
3356 <application>Privoxy</application> action exists. <application>Privoxy</application>
3357 will remove every server header that contains the string you supplied as parameter.
3360 Regular expressions are <emphasis>not supported</emphasis> and you can't
3361 use this action to block different headers in the same request, unless
3362 they contain the same string.
3365 <literal>crunch-server-header</literal> is only meant for quick tests.
3366 If you have to block several different headers, or only want to modify
3367 parts of them, you should use a custom
3368 <literal><link linkend="server-header-filter">server-header filter</link></literal>.
3372 Don't block any header without understanding the consequences.
3379 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
3382 <screen># Crunch server headers that try to prevent caching
3383 { +crunch-server-header{no-cache} }
3392 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3393 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="crunch-outgoing-cookies">
3394 <title>crunch-outgoing-cookies</title>
3398 <term>Typical use:</term>
3401 Prevent the web server from reading any HTTP cookies from your system
3407 <term>Effect:</term>
3410 Deletes any <quote>Cookie:</quote> HTTP headers from client requests.
3417 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
3419 <para>Boolean.</para>
3424 <term>Parameter:</term>
3436 This action is only concerned with <emphasis>outgoing</emphasis> HTTP cookies. For
3437 <emphasis>incoming</emphasis> HTTP cookies, use
3438 <literal><link linkend="crunch-incoming-cookies">crunch-incoming-cookies</link></literal>.
3439 Use <emphasis>both</emphasis> to disable HTTP cookies completely.
3442 It makes <emphasis>no sense at all</emphasis> to use this action in conjunction
3443 with the <literal><link linkend="session-cookies-only">session-cookies-only</link></literal> action,
3444 since it would prevent the session cookies from being read.
3450 <term>Example usage:</term>
3453 <screen>+crunch-outgoing-cookies</screen>
3462 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3463 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="deanimate-gifs">
3464 <title>deanimate-gifs</title>
3468 <term>Typical use:</term>
3470 <para>Stop those annoying, distracting animated GIF images.</para>
3475 <term>Effect:</term>
3478 De-animate GIF animations, i.e. reduce them to their first or last image.
3485 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
3487 <para>Parameterized.</para>
3492 <term>Parameter:</term>
3495 <quote>last</quote> or <quote>first</quote>
3504 This will also shrink the images considerably (in bytes, not pixels!). If
3505 the option <quote>first</quote> is given, the first frame of the animation
3506 is used as the replacement. If <quote>last</quote> is given, the last
3507 frame of the animation is used instead, which probably makes more sense for
3508 most banner animations, but also has the risk of not showing the entire
3509 last frame (if it is only a delta to an earlier frame).
3512 You can safely use this action with patterns that will also match non-GIF
3513 objects, because no attempt will be made at anything that doesn't look like
3520 <term>Example usage:</term>
3523 <screen>+deanimate-gifs{last}</screen>
3530 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3531 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="downgrade-http-version">
3532 <title>downgrade-http-version</title>
3536 <term>Typical use:</term>
3538 <para>Work around (very rare) problems with HTTP/1.1</para>
3543 <term>Effect:</term>
3546 Downgrades HTTP/1.1 client requests and server replies to HTTP/1.0.
3553 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
3555 <para>Boolean.</para>
3560 <term>Parameter:</term>
3572 This is a left-over from the time when <application>Privoxy</application>
3573 didn't support important HTTP/1.1 features well. It is left here for the
3574 unlikely case that you experience HTTP/1.1-related problems with some server
3578 Note that enabling this action is only a workaround. It should not
3579 be enabled for sites that work without it. While it shouldn't break
3580 any pages, it has an (usually negative) performance impact.
3583 If you come across a site where enabling this action helps, please report it,
3584 so the cause of the problem can be analyzed. If the problem turns out to be
3585 caused by a bug in <application>Privoxy</application> it should be
3586 fixed so the following release works without the work around.
3592 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
3595 <screen>{+downgrade-http-version}
3596 problem-host.example.com</screen>
3604 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3605 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="external-filter">
3606 <title>external-filter</title>
3610 <term>Typical use:</term>
3612 <para>Modify content using a programming language of your choice.</para>
3617 <term>Effect:</term>
3620 All instances of text-based type, most notably HTML and JavaScript, to which
3621 this action applies, can be filtered on-the-fly through the specified external
3623 By default plain text documents are exempted from filtering, because web
3624 servers often use the <literal>text/plain</literal> MIME type for all files
3625 whose type they don't know.)
3632 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
3634 <para>Parameterized.</para>
3639 <term>Parameter:</term>
3642 The name of an external content filter, as defined in the
3643 <link linkend="filter-file">filter file</link>.
3644 External filters can be defined in one or more files as defined by the
3645 <literal><link linkend="filterfile">filterfile</link></literal>
3646 option in the <link linkend="config">config file</link>.
3649 When used in its negative form,
3650 and without parameters, <emphasis>all</emphasis> filtering with external
3651 filters is completely disabled.
3660 External filters are scripts or programs that can modify the content in
3661 case common <literal><link linkend="filter">filters</link></literal>
3662 aren't powerful enough. With the exception that this action doesn't
3663 use pcrs-based filters, the notes in the
3664 <literal><link linkend="filter">filter</link></literal> section apply.
3668 Currently external filters are executed with &my-app;'s privileges.
3669 Only use external filters you understand and trust.
3673 This feature is experimental, the <literal><link
3674 linkend="external-filter-syntax">syntax</link></literal>
3675 may change in the future.
3682 <term>Example usage:</term>
3685 <screen>+external-filter{fancy-filter}</screen>
3692 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3693 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="fast-redirects">
3694 <title>fast-redirects</title>
3698 <term>Typical use:</term>
3700 <para>Fool some click-tracking scripts and speed up indirect links.</para>
3705 <term>Effect:</term>
3708 Detects redirection URLs and redirects the browser without contacting
3709 the redirection server first.
3716 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
3718 <para>Parameterized.</para>
3723 <term>Parameter:</term>
3728 <quote>simple-check</quote> to just search for the string <quote>http://</quote>
3729 to detect redirection URLs.
3734 <quote>check-decoded-url</quote> to decode URLs (if necessary) before searching
3735 for redirection URLs.
3746 Many sites, like yahoo.com, don't just link to other sites. Instead, they
3747 will link to some script on their own servers, giving the destination as a
3748 parameter, which will then redirect you to the final target. URLs
3749 resulting from this scheme typically look like:
3750 <quote>http://www.example.org/click-tracker.cgi?target=http%3a//www.example.net/</quote>.
3753 Sometimes, there are even multiple consecutive redirects encoded in the
3754 URL. These redirections via scripts make your web browsing more traceable,
3755 since the server from which you follow such a link can see where you go
3756 to. Apart from that, valuable bandwidth and time is wasted, while your
3757 browser asks the server for one redirect after the other. Plus, it feeds
3761 This feature is currently not very smart and is scheduled for improvement.
3762 If it is enabled by default, you will have to create some exceptions to
3763 this action. It can lead to failures in several ways:
3766 Not every URLs with other URLs as parameters is evil.
3767 Some sites offer a real service that requires this information to work.
3768 For example a validation service needs to know, which document to validate.
3769 <literal>fast-redirects</literal> assumes that every URL parameter that
3770 looks like another URL is a redirection target, and will always redirect to
3771 the last one. Most of the time the assumption is correct, but if it isn't,
3772 the user gets redirected anyway.
3775 Another failure occurs if the URL contains other parameters after the URL parameter.
3777 <quote>http://www.example.org/?redirect=http%3a//www.example.net/&foo=bar</quote>.
3778 contains the redirection URL <quote>http://www.example.net/</quote>,
3779 followed by another parameter. <literal>fast-redirects</literal> doesn't know that
3780 and will cause a redirect to <quote>http://www.example.net/&foo=bar</quote>.
3781 Depending on the target server configuration, the parameter will be silently ignored
3782 or lead to a <quote>page not found</quote> error. You can prevent this problem by
3783 first using the <literal><link linkend="redirect">redirect</link></literal> action
3784 to remove the last part of the URL, but it requires a little effort.
3787 To detect a redirection URL, <literal>fast-redirects</literal> only
3788 looks for the string <quote>http://</quote>, either in plain text
3789 (invalid but often used) or encoded as <quote>http%3a//</quote>.
3790 Some sites use their own URL encoding scheme, encrypt the address
3791 of the target server or replace it with a database id. In theses cases
3792 <literal>fast-redirects</literal> is fooled and the request reaches the
3793 redirection server where it probably gets logged.
3799 <term>Example usage:</term>
3803 { +fast-redirects{simple-check} }
3806 { +fast-redirects{check-decoded-url} }
3807 another.example.com/testing</screen>
3816 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3817 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="filter">
3818 <title>filter</title>
3822 <term>Typical use:</term>
3824 <para>Get rid of HTML and JavaScript annoyances, banner advertisements (by size),
3825 do fun text replacements, add personalized effects, etc.</para>
3830 <term>Effect:</term>
3833 All instances of text-based type, most notably HTML and JavaScript, to which
3834 this action applies, can be filtered on-the-fly through the specified regular
3835 expression based substitutions. (Note: as of version 3.0.3 plain text documents
3836 are exempted from filtering, because web servers often use the
3837 <literal>text/plain</literal> MIME type for all files whose type they don't know.)
3844 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
3846 <para>Parameterized.</para>
3851 <term>Parameter:</term>
3854 The name of a content filter, as defined in the <link linkend="filter-file">filter file</link>.
3855 Filters can be defined in one or more files as defined by the
3856 <literal><link linkend="filterfile">filterfile</link></literal>
3857 option in the <link linkend="config">config file</link>.
3858 <filename>default.filter</filename> is the collection of filters
3859 supplied by the developers. Locally defined filters should go
3860 in their own file, such as <filename>user.filter</filename>.
3863 When used in its negative form,
3864 and without parameters, <emphasis>all</emphasis> filtering is completely disabled.
3873 For your convenience, there are a number of pre-defined filters available
3874 in the distribution filter file that you can use. See the examples below for
3878 Filtering requires buffering the page content, which may appear to
3879 slow down page rendering since nothing is displayed until all content has
3880 passed the filters. (The total time until the page is completely rendered
3881 doesn't change much, but it may be perceived as slower since the page is
3882 not incrementally displayed.)
3883 This effect will be more noticeable on slower connections.
3886 <quote>Rolling your own</quote>
3887 filters requires a knowledge of
3888 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions"><quote>Regular
3889 Expressions</quote></ulink> and
3890 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Html"><quote>HTML</quote></ulink>.
3891 This is very powerful feature, and potentially very intrusive.
3892 Filters should be used with caution, and where an equivalent
3893 <quote>action</quote> is not available.
3896 The amount of data that can be filtered is limited to the
3897 <literal><link linkend="buffer-limit">buffer-limit</link></literal>
3898 option in the main <link linkend="config">config file</link>. The
3899 default is 4096 KB (4 Megs). Once this limit is exceeded, the buffered
3900 data, and all pending data, is passed through unfiltered.
3903 Inappropriate MIME types, such as zipped files, are not filtered at all.
3904 (Again, only text-based types except plain text). Encrypted SSL data
3905 (from HTTPS servers) cannot be filtered either, since this would violate
3906 the integrity of the secure transaction. In some situations it might
3907 be necessary to protect certain text, like source code, from filtering
3908 by defining appropriate <literal>-filter</literal> exceptions.
3911 Compressed content can't be filtered either, but if &my-app;
3912 is compiled with zlib support and a supported compression algorithm
3913 is used (gzip or deflate), &my-app; can first decompress the content
3917 If you use a &my-app; version without zlib support, but want filtering to work on
3918 as much documents as possible, even those that would normally be sent compressed,
3919 you must use the <literal><link linkend="prevent-compression">prevent-compression</link></literal>
3920 action in conjunction with <literal>filter</literal>.
3923 Content filtering can achieve some of the same effects as the
3924 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal>
3925 action, i.e. it can be used to block ads and banners. But the mechanism
3926 works quite differently. One effective use, is to block ad banners
3927 based on their size (see below), since many of these seem to be somewhat
3931 <link linkend="contact">Feedback</link> with suggestions for new or
3932 improved filters is particularly welcome!
3935 The below list has only the names and a one-line description of each
3936 predefined filter. There are <link linkend="predefined-filters">more
3937 verbose explanations</link> of what these filters do in the <link
3938 linkend="filter-file">filter file chapter</link>.
3944 <term>Example usage (with filters from the distribution <filename>default.filter</filename> file).
3945 See <link linkend="PREDEFINED-FILTERS">the Predefined Filters section</link> for
3946 more explanation on each:</term>
3949 <anchor id="filter-js-annoyances">
3950 <screen>+filter{js-annoyances} # Get rid of particularly annoying JavaScript abuse.</screen>
3953 <anchor id="filter-js-events">
3954 <screen>+filter{js-events} # Kill JavaScript event bindings and timers (Radically destructive! Only for extra nasty sites).</screen>
3957 <anchor id="filter-html-annoyances">
3958 <screen>+filter{html-annoyances} # Get rid of particularly annoying HTML abuse.</screen>
3961 <anchor id="filter-content-cookies">
3962 <screen>+filter{content-cookies} # Kill cookies that come in the HTML or JS content.</screen>
3965 <anchor id="filter-refresh-tags">
3966 <screen>+filter{refresh-tags} # Kill automatic refresh tags if refresh time is larger than 9 seconds.</screen>
3969 <anchor id="filter-unsolicited-popups">
3970 <screen>+filter{unsolicited-popups} # Disable only unsolicited pop-up windows.</screen>
3973 <anchor id="filter-all-popups">
3974 <screen>+filter{all-popups} # Kill all popups in JavaScript and HTML.</screen>
3977 <anchor id="filter-img-reorder">
3978 <screen>+filter{img-reorder} # Reorder attributes in <img> tags to make the banners-by-* filters more effective.</screen>
3981 <anchor id="filter-banners-by-size">
3982 <screen>+filter{banners-by-size} # Kill banners by size.</screen>
3985 <anchor id="filter-banners-by-link">
3986 <screen>+filter{banners-by-link} # Kill banners by their links to known clicktrackers.</screen>
3989 <anchor id="filter-webbugs">
3990 <screen>+filter{webbugs} # Squish WebBugs (1x1 invisible GIFs used for user tracking).</screen>
3993 <anchor id="filter-tiny-textforms">
3994 <screen>+filter{tiny-textforms} # Extend those tiny textareas up to 40x80 and kill the hard wrap.</screen>
3997 <anchor id="filter-jumping-windows">
3998 <screen>+filter{jumping-windows} # Prevent windows from resizing and moving themselves.</screen>
4001 <anchor id="filter-frameset-borders">
4002 <screen>+filter{frameset-borders} # Give frames a border and make them resizable.</screen>
4005 <anchor id="filter-iframes">
4006 <screen>+filter{iframes} # Removes all detected iframes. Should only be enabled for individual sites.</screen>
4009 <anchor id="filter-demoronizer">
4010 <screen>+filter{demoronizer} # Fix MS's non-standard use of standard charsets.</screen>
4013 <anchor id="filter-shockwave-flash">
4014 <screen>+filter{shockwave-flash} # Kill embedded Shockwave Flash objects.</screen>
4017 <anchor id="filter-quicktime-kioskmode">
4018 <screen>+filter{quicktime-kioskmode} # Make Quicktime movies saveable.</screen>
4021 <anchor id="filter-fun">
4022 <screen>+filter{fun} # Text replacements for subversive browsing fun!</screen>
4025 <anchor id="filter-crude-parental">
4026 <screen>+filter{crude-parental} # Crude parental filtering. Note that this filter doesn't work reliably.</screen>
4029 <anchor id="filter-ie-exploits">
4030 <screen>+filter{ie-exploits} # Disable some known Internet Explorer bug exploits.</screen>
4033 <anchor id="filter-site-specifics">
4034 <screen>+filter{site-specifics} # Cure for site-specific problems. Don't apply generally!</screen>
4037 <anchor id="filter-no-ping">
4038 <screen>+filter{no-ping} # Removes non-standard ping attributes in <a> and <area> tags.</screen>
4041 <anchor id="filter-google">
4042 <screen>+filter{google} # CSS-based block for Google text ads. Also removes a width limitation and the toolbar advertisement.</screen>
4045 <anchor id="filter-yahoo">
4046 <screen>+filter{yahoo} # CSS-based block for Yahoo text ads. Also removes a width limitation.</screen>
4049 <anchor id="filter-msn">
4050 <screen>+filter{msn} # CSS-based block for MSN text ads. Also removes tracking URLs and a width limitation.</screen>
4053 <anchor id="filter-blogspot">
4054 <screen>+filter{blogspot} # Cleans up some Blogspot blogs. Read the fine print before using this.</screen>
4062 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4063 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="force-text-mode">
4064 <title>force-text-mode</title>
4070 <term>Typical use:</term>
4072 <para>Force <application>Privoxy</application> to treat a document as if it was in some kind of <emphasis>text</emphasis> format. </para>
4077 <term>Effect:</term>
4080 Declares a document as text, even if the <quote>Content-Type:</quote> isn't detected as such.
4087 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4089 <para>Boolean.</para>
4094 <term>Parameter:</term>
4106 As explained <literal><link linkend="filter">above</link></literal>,
4107 <application>Privoxy</application> tries to only filter files that are
4108 in some kind of text format. The same restrictions apply to
4109 <literal><link linkend="content-type-overwrite">content-type-overwrite</link></literal>.
4110 <literal>force-text-mode</literal> declares a document as text,
4111 without looking at the <quote>Content-Type:</quote> first.
4115 Think twice before activating this action. Filtering binary data
4116 with regular expressions can cause file damage.
4123 <term>Example usage:</term>
4136 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4137 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="forward-override">
4138 <title>forward-override</title>
4144 <term>Typical use:</term>
4146 <para>Change the forwarding settings based on User-Agent or request origin</para>
4151 <term>Effect:</term>
4154 Overrules the forward directives in the configuration file.
4161 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4163 <para>Multi-value.</para>
4168 <term>Parameter:</term>
4172 <para><quote>forward .</quote> to use a direct connection without any additional proxies.</para>
4176 <quote>forward 127.0.0.1:8123</quote> to use the HTTP proxy listening at 127.0.0.1 port 8123.
4181 <quote>forward-socks4a 127.0.0.1:9050 .</quote> to use the socks4a proxy listening at
4182 127.0.0.1 port 9050. Replace <quote>forward-socks4a</quote> with <quote>forward-socks4</quote>
4183 to use a socks4 connection (with local DNS resolution) instead, use <quote>forward-socks5</quote>
4184 for socks5 connections (with remote DNS resolution).
4189 <quote>forward-socks4a 127.0.0.1:9050 proxy.example.org:8000</quote> to use the socks4a proxy
4190 listening at 127.0.0.1 port 9050 to reach the HTTP proxy listening at proxy.example.org port 8000.
4191 Replace <quote>forward-socks4a</quote> with <quote>forward-socks4</quote> to use a socks4 connection
4192 (with local DNS resolution) instead, use <quote>forward-socks5</quote>
4193 for socks5 connections (with remote DNS resolution).
4204 This action takes parameters similar to the
4205 <link linkend="forwarding">forward</link> directives in the configuration
4206 file, but without the URL pattern. It can be used as replacement, but normally it's only
4207 used in cases where matching based on the request URL isn't sufficient.
4211 Please read the description for the <link linkend="forwarding">forward</link> directives before
4212 using this action. Forwarding to the wrong people will reduce your privacy and increase the
4213 chances of man-in-the-middle attacks.
4216 If the ports are missing or invalid, default values will be used. This might change
4217 in the future and you shouldn't rely on it. Otherwise incorrect syntax causes Privoxy
4221 Use the <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info">show-url-info CGI page</ulink>
4222 to verify that your forward settings do what you thought the do.
4229 <term>Example usage:</term>
4233 # Always use direct connections for requests previously tagged as
4234 # <quote>User-Agent: fetch libfetch/2.0</quote> and make sure
4235 # resuming downloads continues to work.
4236 # This way you can continue to use Tor for your normal browsing,
4237 # without overloading the Tor network with your FreeBSD ports updates
4238 # or downloads of bigger files like ISOs.
4239 # Note that HTTP headers are easy to fake and therefore their
4240 # values are as (un)trustworthy as your clients and users.
4241 {+forward-override{forward .} \
4242 -hide-if-modified-since \
4243 -overwrite-last-modified \
4245 TAG:^User-Agent: fetch libfetch/2\.0$
4254 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4255 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="handle-as-empty-document">
4256 <title>handle-as-empty-document</title>
4262 <term>Typical use:</term>
4264 <para>Mark URLs that should be replaced by empty documents <emphasis>if they get blocked</emphasis></para>
4269 <term>Effect:</term>
4272 This action alone doesn't do anything noticeable. It just marks URLs.
4273 If the <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> action <emphasis>also applies</emphasis>,
4274 the presence or absence of this mark decides whether an HTML <quote>BLOCKED</quote>
4275 page, or an empty document will be sent to the client as a substitute for the blocked content.
4276 The <emphasis>empty</emphasis> document isn't literally empty, but actually contains a single space.
4283 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4285 <para>Boolean.</para>
4290 <term>Parameter:</term>
4302 Some browsers complain about syntax errors if JavaScript documents
4303 are blocked with <application>Privoxy's</application>
4304 default HTML page; this option can be used to silence them.
4305 And of course this action can also be used to eliminate the &my-app;
4306 BLOCKED message in frames.
4309 The content type for the empty document can be specified with
4310 <literal><link linkend="content-type-overwrite">content-type-overwrite{}</link></literal>,
4311 but usually this isn't necessary.
4317 <term>Example usage:</term>
4320 <screen># Block all documents on example.org that end with ".js",
4321 # but send an empty document instead of the usual HTML message.
4322 {+block{Blocked JavaScript} +handle-as-empty-document}
4332 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4333 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="handle-as-image">
4334 <title>handle-as-image</title>
4338 <term>Typical use:</term>
4340 <para>Mark URLs as belonging to images (so they'll be replaced by images <emphasis>if they do get blocked</emphasis>, rather than HTML pages)</para>
4345 <term>Effect:</term>
4348 This action alone doesn't do anything noticeable. It just marks URLs as images.
4349 If the <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> action <emphasis>also applies</emphasis>,
4350 the presence or absence of this mark decides whether an HTML <quote>blocked</quote>
4351 page, or a replacement image (as determined by the <literal><link
4352 linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link></literal> action) will be sent to the
4353 client as a substitute for the blocked content.
4360 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4362 <para>Boolean.</para>
4367 <term>Parameter:</term>
4379 The below generic example section is actually part of <filename>default.action</filename>.
4380 It marks all URLs with well-known image file name extensions as images and should
4384 Users will probably only want to use the handle-as-image action in conjunction with
4385 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal>, to block sources of banners, whose URLs don't
4386 reflect the file type, like in the second example section.
4389 Note that you cannot treat HTML pages as images in most cases. For instance, (in-line) ad
4390 frames require an HTML page to be sent, or they won't display properly.
4391 Forcing <literal>handle-as-image</literal> in this situation will not replace the
4392 ad frame with an image, but lead to error messages.
4398 <term>Example usage (sections):</term>
4401 <screen># Generic image extensions:
4404 /.*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|ico)$
4406 # These don't look like images, but they're banners and should be
4407 # blocked as images:
4409 {+block{Nasty banners.} +handle-as-image}
4410 nasty-banner-server.example.com/junk.cgi\?output=trash
4419 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4420 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="hide-accept-language">
4421 <title>hide-accept-language</title>
4427 <term>Typical use:</term>
4429 <para>Pretend to use different language settings.</para>
4434 <term>Effect:</term>
4437 Deletes or replaces the <quote>Accept-Language:</quote> HTTP header in client requests.
4444 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4446 <para>Parameterized.</para>
4451 <term>Parameter:</term>
4454 Keyword: <quote>block</quote>, or any user defined value.
4463 Faking the browser's language settings can be useful to make a
4464 foreign User-Agent set with
4465 <literal><link linkend="hide-user-agent">hide-user-agent</link></literal>
4469 However some sites with content in different languages check the
4470 <quote>Accept-Language:</quote> to decide which one to take by default.
4471 Sometimes it isn't possible to later switch to another language without
4472 changing the <quote>Accept-Language:</quote> header first.
4475 Therefore it's a good idea to either only change the
4476 <quote>Accept-Language:</quote> header to languages you understand,
4477 or to languages that aren't wide spread.
4480 Before setting the <quote>Accept-Language:</quote> header
4481 to a rare language, you should consider that it helps to
4482 make your requests unique and thus easier to trace.
4483 If you don't plan to change this header frequently,
4484 you should stick to a common language.
4490 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
4493 <screen># Pretend to use Canadian language settings.
4494 {+hide-accept-language{en-ca} \
4495 +hide-user-agent{Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; OpenBSD i386; en-CA; rv:1.8.0.4) Gecko/20060628 Firefox/1.5.0.4} \
4505 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4506 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="hide-content-disposition">
4507 <title>hide-content-disposition</title>
4513 <term>Typical use:</term>
4515 <para>Prevent download menus for content you prefer to view inside the browser.</para>
4520 <term>Effect:</term>
4523 Deletes or replaces the <quote>Content-Disposition:</quote> HTTP header set by some servers.
4530 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4532 <para>Parameterized.</para>
4537 <term>Parameter:</term>
4540 Keyword: <quote>block</quote>, or any user defined value.
4549 Some servers set the <quote>Content-Disposition:</quote> HTTP header for
4550 documents they assume you want to save locally before viewing them.
4551 The <quote>Content-Disposition:</quote> header contains the file name
4552 the browser is supposed to use by default.
4555 In most browsers that understand this header, it makes it impossible to
4556 <emphasis>just view</emphasis> the document, without downloading it first,
4557 even if it's just a simple text file or an image.
4560 Removing the <quote>Content-Disposition:</quote> header helps
4561 to prevent this annoyance, but some browsers additionally check the
4562 <quote>Content-Type:</quote> header, before they decide if they can
4563 display a document without saving it first. In these cases, you have
4564 to change this header as well, before the browser stops displaying
4568 It is also possible to change the server's file name suggestion
4569 to another one, but in most cases it isn't worth the time to set
4573 This action will probably be removed in the future,
4574 use server-header filters instead.
4580 <term>Example usage:</term>
4583 <screen># Disarm the download link in Sourceforge's patch tracker
4585 +content-type-overwrite{text/plain}\
4586 +hide-content-disposition{block} }
4587 .sourceforge.net/tracker/download\.php</screen>
4595 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4596 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="hide-if-modified-since">
4597 <title>hide-if-modified-since</title>
4603 <term>Typical use:</term>
4605 <para>Prevent yet another way to track the user's steps between sessions.</para>
4610 <term>Effect:</term>
4613 Deletes the <quote>If-Modified-Since:</quote> HTTP client header or modifies its value.
4620 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4622 <para>Parameterized.</para>
4627 <term>Parameter:</term>
4630 Keyword: <quote>block</quote>, or a user defined value that specifies a range of hours.
4639 Removing this header is useful for filter testing, where you want to force a real
4640 reload instead of getting status code <quote>304</quote>, which would cause the
4641 browser to use a cached copy of the page.
4644 Instead of removing the header, <literal>hide-if-modified-since</literal> can
4645 also add or subtract a random amount of time to/from the header's value.
4646 You specify a range of minutes where the random factor should be chosen from and
4647 <application>Privoxy</application> does the rest. A negative value means
4648 subtracting, a positive value adding.
4651 Randomizing the value of the <quote>If-Modified-Since:</quote> makes
4652 it less likely that the server can use the time as a cookie replacement,
4653 but you will run into caching problems if the random range is too high.
4656 It is a good idea to only use a small negative value and let
4657 <literal><link linkend="overwrite-last-modified">overwrite-last-modified</link></literal>
4658 handle the greater changes.
4661 It is also recommended to use this action together with
4662 <literal><link linkend="crunch-if-none-match">crunch-if-none-match</link></literal>,
4663 otherwise it's more or less pointless.
4669 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
4672 <screen># Let the browser revalidate but make tracking based on the time less likely.
4673 {+hide-if-modified-since{-60} \
4674 +overwrite-last-modified{randomize} \
4675 +crunch-if-none-match}
4684 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4685 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="hide-from-header">
4686 <title>hide-from-header</title>
4690 <term>Typical use:</term>
4692 <para>Keep your (old and ill) browser from telling web servers your email address</para>
4697 <term>Effect:</term>
4700 Deletes any existing <quote>From:</quote> HTTP header, or replaces it with the
4708 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4710 <para>Parameterized.</para>
4715 <term>Parameter:</term>
4718 Keyword: <quote>block</quote>, or any user defined value.
4727 The keyword <quote>block</quote> will completely remove the header
4728 (not to be confused with the <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal>
4732 Alternately, you can specify any value you prefer to be sent to the web
4733 server. If you do, it is a matter of fairness not to use any address that
4734 is actually used by a real person.
4737 This action is rarely needed, as modern web browsers don't send
4738 <quote>From:</quote> headers anymore.
4744 <term>Example usage:</term>
4747 <screen>+hide-from-header{block}</screen> or
4748 <screen>+hide-from-header{spam-me-senseless@sittingduck.example.com}</screen>
4756 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4757 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="hide-referrer">
4758 <title>hide-referrer</title>
4759 <anchor id="hide-referer">
4762 <term>Typical use:</term>
4764 <para>Conceal which link you followed to get to a particular site</para>
4769 <term>Effect:</term>
4772 Deletes the <quote>Referer:</quote> (sic) HTTP header from the client request,
4773 or replaces it with a forged one.
4780 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4782 <para>Parameterized.</para>
4787 <term>Parameter:</term>
4791 <para><quote>conditional-block</quote> to delete the header completely if the host has changed.</para>
4794 <para><quote>conditional-forge</quote> to forge the header if the host has changed.</para>
4797 <para><quote>block</quote> to delete the header unconditionally.</para>
4800 <para><quote>forge</quote> to pretend to be coming from the homepage of the server we are talking to.</para>
4803 <para>Any other string to set a user defined referrer.</para>
4813 <literal>conditional-block</literal> is the only parameter,
4814 that isn't easily detected in the server's log file. If it blocks the
4815 referrer, the request will look like the visitor used a bookmark or
4816 typed in the address directly.
4819 Leaving the referrer unmodified for requests on the same host
4820 allows the server owner to see the visitor's <quote>click path</quote>,
4821 but in most cases she could also get that information by comparing
4822 other parts of the log file: for example the User-Agent if it isn't
4823 a very common one, or the user's IP address if it doesn't change between
4827 Always blocking the referrer, or using a custom one, can lead to
4828 failures on servers that check the referrer before they answer any
4829 requests, in an attempt to prevent their content from being
4830 embedded or linked to elsewhere.
4833 Both <literal>conditional-block</literal> and <literal>forge</literal>
4834 will work with referrer checks, as long as content and valid referring page
4835 are on the same host. Most of the time that's the case.
4838 <literal>hide-referer</literal> is an alternate spelling of
4839 <literal>hide-referrer</literal> and the two can be can be freely
4840 substituted with each other. (<quote>referrer</quote> is the
4841 correct English spelling, however the HTTP specification has a bug - it
4842 requires it to be spelled as <quote>referer</quote>.)
4848 <term>Example usage:</term>
4851 <screen>+hide-referrer{forge}</screen> or
4852 <screen>+hide-referrer{http://www.yahoo.com/}</screen>
4860 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4861 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="hide-user-agent">
4862 <title>hide-user-agent</title>
4866 <term>Typical use:</term>
4868 <para>Try to conceal your type of browser and client operating system</para>
4873 <term>Effect:</term>
4876 Replaces the value of the <quote>User-Agent:</quote> HTTP header
4877 in client requests with the specified value.
4884 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4886 <para>Parameterized.</para>
4891 <term>Parameter:</term>
4894 Any user-defined string.
4904 This can lead to problems on web sites that depend on looking at this header in
4905 order to customize their content for different browsers (which, by the
4906 way, is <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> the right thing to do: good web sites
4907 work browser-independently).
4911 Using this action in multi-user setups or wherever different types of
4912 browsers will access the same <application>Privoxy</application> is
4913 <emphasis>not recommended</emphasis>. In single-user, single-browser
4914 setups, you might use it to delete your OS version information from
4915 the headers, because it is an invitation to exploit known bugs for your
4916 OS. It is also occasionally useful to forge this in order to access
4917 sites that won't let you in otherwise (though there may be a good
4918 reason in some cases).
4921 More information on known user-agent strings can be found at
4922 <ulink url="http://www.user-agents.org/">http://www.user-agents.org/</ulink>
4924 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_agent">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_agent</ulink>.
4930 <term>Example usage:</term>
4933 <screen>+hide-user-agent{Netscape 6.1 (X11; I; Linux 2.4.18 i686)}</screen>
4941 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4942 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="limit-connect">
4943 <title>limit-connect</title>
4947 <term>Typical use:</term>
4949 <para>Prevent abuse of <application>Privoxy</application> as a TCP proxy relay or disable SSL for untrusted sites</para>
4954 <term>Effect:</term>
4957 Specifies to which ports HTTP CONNECT requests are allowable.
4964 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4966 <para>Parameterized.</para>
4971 <term>Parameter:</term>
4974 A comma-separated list of ports or port ranges (the latter using dashes, with the minimum
4975 defaulting to 0 and the maximum to 65K).
4984 By default, i.e. if no <literal>limit-connect</literal> action applies,
4985 <application>Privoxy</application> allows HTTP CONNECT requests to all
4986 ports. Use <literal>limit-connect</literal> if fine-grained control
4987 is desired for some or all destinations.
4990 The CONNECT methods exists in HTTP to allow access to secure websites
4991 (<quote>https://</quote> URLs) through proxies. It works very simply:
4992 the proxy connects to the server on the specified port, and then
4993 short-circuits its connections to the client and to the remote server.
4994 This means CONNECT-enabled proxies can be used as TCP relays very easily.
4997 <application>Privoxy</application> relays HTTPS traffic without seeing
4998 the decoded content. Websites can leverage this limitation to circumvent &my-app;'s
4999 filters. By specifying an invalid port range you can disable HTTPS entirely.
5005 <term>Example usages:</term>
5007 <!-- I had trouble getting the spacing to look right in my browser -->
5008 <!-- I probably have the wrong font setup, bollocks. -->
5009 <!-- Apparently the emphasis tag uses a proportional font no matter what -->
5011 <screen>+limit-connect{443} # Port 443 is OK.
5012 +limit-connect{80,443} # Ports 80 and 443 are OK.
5013 +limit-connect{-3, 7, 20-100, 500-} # Ports less than 3, 7, 20 to 100 and above 500 are OK.
5014 +limit-connect{-} # All ports are OK
5015 +limit-connect{,} # No HTTPS/SSL traffic is allowed</screen>
5023 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5024 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="limit-cookie-lifetime">
5025 <title>limit-cookie-lifetime</title>
5029 <term>Typical use:</term>
5031 <para>Limit the lifetime of HTTP cookies to a couple of minutes or hours.</para>
5036 <term>Effect:</term>
5039 Overwrites the expires field in Set-Cookie server headers if it's above the specified limit.
5046 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5048 <para>Parameterized.</para>
5053 <term>Parameter:</term>
5056 The lifetime limit in minutes, or 0.
5065 This action reduces the lifetime of HTTP cookies coming from the
5066 server to the specified number of minutes, starting from the time
5067 the cookie passes Privoxy.
5070 Cookies with a lifetime below the limit are not modified.
5071 The lifetime of session cookies is set to the specified limit.
5074 The effect of this action depends on the server.
5077 In case of servers which refresh their cookies with each response
5078 (or at least frequently), the lifetime limit set by this action
5080 Thus, a session associated with the cookie continues to work with
5081 this action enabled, as long as a new request is made before the
5082 last limit set is reached.
5085 However, some servers send their cookies once, with a lifetime of several
5086 years (the year 2037 is a popular choice), and do not refresh them
5087 until a certain event in the future, for example the user logging out.
5088 In this case this action may limit the absolute lifetime of the session,
5089 even if requests are made frequently.
5092 If the parameter is <quote>0</quote>, this action behaves like
5093 <literal><link linkend="session-cookies-only">session-cookies-only</link></literal>.
5099 <term>Example usages:</term>
5102 <screen>+limit-cookie-lifetime{60}
5110 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5111 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="prevent-compression">
5112 <title>prevent-compression</title>
5116 <term>Typical use:</term>
5119 Ensure that servers send the content uncompressed, so it can be
5120 passed through <literal><link linkend="filter">filter</link></literal>s.
5126 <term>Effect:</term>
5129 Removes the Accept-Encoding header which can be used to ask for compressed transfer.
5136 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5138 <para>Boolean.</para>
5143 <term>Parameter:</term>
5155 More and more websites send their content compressed by default, which
5156 is generally a good idea and saves bandwidth. But the <literal><link
5157 linkend="filter">filter</link></literal> and
5158 <literal><link linkend="deanimate-gifs">deanimate-gifs</link></literal>
5159 actions need access to the uncompressed data.
5162 When compiled with zlib support (available since &my-app; 3.0.7), content that should be
5163 filtered is decompressed on-the-fly and you don't have to worry about this action.
5164 If you are using an older &my-app; version, or one that hasn't been compiled with zlib
5165 support, this action can be used to convince the server to send the content uncompressed.
5168 Most text-based instances compress very well, the size is seldom decreased by less than 50%,
5169 for markup-heavy instances like news feeds saving more than 90% of the original size isn't
5173 Not using compression will therefore slow down the transfer, and you should only
5174 enable this action if you really need it. As of &my-app; 3.0.7 it's disabled in all
5175 predefined action settings.
5178 Note that some (rare) ill-configured sites don't handle requests for uncompressed
5179 documents correctly. Broken PHP applications tend to send an empty document body,
5180 some IIS versions only send the beginning of the content. If you enable
5181 <literal>prevent-compression</literal> per default, you might want to add
5182 exceptions for those sites. See the example for how to do that.
5188 <term>Example usage (sections):</term>
5192 # Selectively turn off compression, and enable a filter
5194 { +filter{tiny-textforms} +prevent-compression }
5195 # Match only these sites
5200 # Or instead, we could set a universal default:
5202 { +prevent-compression }
5205 # Then maybe make exceptions for broken sites:
5207 { -prevent-compression }
5208 .compusa.com/</screen>
5217 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5218 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="overwrite-last-modified">
5219 <title>overwrite-last-modified</title>
5225 <term>Typical use:</term>
5227 <para>Prevent yet another way to track the user's steps between sessions.</para>
5232 <term>Effect:</term>
5235 Deletes the <quote>Last-Modified:</quote> HTTP server header or modifies its value.
5242 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5244 <para>Parameterized.</para>
5249 <term>Parameter:</term>
5252 One of the keywords: <quote>block</quote>, <quote>reset-to-request-time</quote>
5253 and <quote>randomize</quote>
5262 Removing the <quote>Last-Modified:</quote> header is useful for filter
5263 testing, where you want to force a real reload instead of getting status
5264 code <quote>304</quote>, which would cause the browser to reuse the old
5265 version of the page.
5268 The <quote>randomize</quote> option overwrites the value of the
5269 <quote>Last-Modified:</quote> header with a randomly chosen time
5270 between the original value and the current time. In theory the server
5271 could send each document with a different <quote>Last-Modified:</quote>
5272 header to track visits without using cookies. <quote>Randomize</quote>
5273 makes it impossible and the browser can still revalidate cached documents.
5276 <quote>reset-to-request-time</quote> overwrites the value of the
5277 <quote>Last-Modified:</quote> header with the current time. You could use
5278 this option together with
5279 <literal><link linkend="hide-if-modified-since">hide-if-modified-since</link></literal>
5280 to further customize your random range.
5283 The preferred parameter here is <quote>randomize</quote>. It is safe
5284 to use, as long as the time settings are more or less correct.
5285 If the server sets the <quote>Last-Modified:</quote> header to the time
5286 of the request, the random range becomes zero and the value stays the same.
5287 Therefore you should later randomize it a second time with
5288 <literal><link linkend="hide-if-modified-since">hided-if-modified-since</link></literal>,
5292 It is also recommended to use this action together with
5293 <literal><link linkend="crunch-if-none-match">crunch-if-none-match</link></literal>.
5299 <term>Example usage:</term>
5302 <screen># Let the browser revalidate without being tracked across sessions
5303 { +hide-if-modified-since{-60} \
5304 +overwrite-last-modified{randomize} \
5305 +crunch-if-none-match}
5314 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5315 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="redirect">
5316 <title>redirect</title>
5322 <term>Typical use:</term>
5325 Redirect requests to other sites.
5331 <term>Effect:</term>
5334 Convinces the browser that the requested document has been moved
5335 to another location and the browser should get it from there.
5342 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5344 <para>Parameterized</para>
5349 <term>Parameter:</term>
5352 An absolute URL or a single pcrs command.
5361 Requests to which this action applies are answered with a
5362 HTTP redirect to URLs of your choosing. The new URL is
5363 either provided as parameter, or derived by applying a
5364 single pcrs command to the original URL.
5367 The syntax for pcrs commands is documented in the
5368 <link linkend="filter-file">filter file</link> section.
5371 This action will be ignored if you use it together with
5372 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal>.
5373 It can be combined with
5374 <literal><link linkend="fast-redirects">fast-redirects{check-decoded-url}</link></literal>
5375 to redirect to a decoded version of a rewritten URL.
5378 Use this action carefully, make sure not to create redirection loops
5379 and be aware that using your own redirects might make it
5380 possible to fingerprint your requests.
5383 In case of problems with your redirects, or simply to watch
5384 them working, enable <link linkend="DEBUG">debug 128</link>.
5390 <term>Example usages:</term>
5393 <screen># Replace example.com's style sheet with another one
5394 { +redirect{http://localhost/css-replacements/example.com.css} }
5395 example.com/stylesheet\.css
5397 # Create a short, easy to remember nickname for a favorite site
5398 # (relies on the browser to accept and forward invalid URLs to &my-app;)
5399 { +redirect{http://www.privoxy.org/user-manual/actions-file.html} }
5402 # Always use the expanded view for Undeadly.org articles
5403 # (Note the $ at the end of the URL pattern to make sure
5404 # the request for the rewritten URL isn't redirected as well)
5405 {+redirect{s@$@&mode=expanded@}}
5406 undeadly.org/cgi\?action=article&sid=\d*$
5408 # Redirect Google search requests to MSN
5409 {+redirect{s@^http://[^/]*/search\?q=([^&]*).*@http://search.msn.com/results.aspx?q=$1@}}
5412 # Redirect MSN search requests to Yahoo
5413 {+redirect{s@^http://[^/]*/results\.aspx\?q=([^&]*).*@http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=$1@}}
5414 search.msn.com//results\.aspx\?q=
5416 # Redirect http://example.com/&bla=fasel&toChange=foo (and any other value but "bar")
5417 # to http://example.com/&bla=fasel&toChange=bar
5419 # The URL pattern makes sure that the following request isn't redirected again.
5420 {+redirect{s@toChange=[^&]+@toChange=bar@}}
5421 example.com/.*toChange=(?!bar)
5423 # Redirect remote requests for this manual
5424 # to the local version delivered by Privoxy
5425 {+redirect{s@^http://www@http://config@}}
5426 www.privoxy.org/user-manual/</screen>
5435 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5436 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="server-header-filter">
5437 <title>server-header-filter</title>
5441 <term>Typical use:</term>
5444 Rewrite or remove single server headers.
5450 <term>Effect:</term>
5453 All server headers to which this action applies are filtered on-the-fly
5454 through the specified regular expression based substitutions.
5461 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
5463 <para>Parameterized.</para>
5468 <term>Parameter:</term>
5471 The name of a server-header filter, as defined in one of the
5472 <link linkend="filter-file">filter files</link>.
5481 Server-header filters are applied to each header on its own, not to
5482 all at once. This makes it easier to diagnose problems, but on the downside
5483 you can't write filters that only change header x if header y's value is z.
5484 You can do that by using tags though.
5487 Server-header filters are executed after the other header actions have finished
5488 and use their output as input.
5491 Please refer to the <link linkend="filter-file">filter file chapter</link>
5492 to learn which server-header filters are available by default, and how to
5499 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
5503 {+server-header-filter{html-to-xml}}
5504 example.org/xml-instance-that-is-delivered-as-html
5506 {+server-header-filter{xml-to-html}}
5507 example.org/instance-that-is-delivered-as-xml-but-is-not
5517 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5518 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="server-header-tagger">
5519 <title>server-header-tagger</title>
5523 <term>Typical use:</term>
5526 Enable or disable filters based on the Content-Type header.
5532 <term>Effect:</term>
5535 Server headers to which this action applies are filtered on-the-fly through
5536 the specified regular expression based substitutions, the result is used as
5544 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
5546 <para>Parameterized.</para>
5551 <term>Parameter:</term>
5554 The name of a server-header tagger, as defined in one of the
5555 <link linkend="filter-file">filter files</link>.
5564 Server-header taggers are applied to each header on its own,
5565 and as the header isn't modified, each tagger <quote>sees</quote>
5569 Server-header taggers are executed before all other header actions
5570 that modify server headers. Their tags can be used to control
5571 all of the other server-header actions, the content filters
5572 and the crunch actions (<link linkend="redirect">redirect</link>
5573 and <link linkend="block">block</link>).
5576 Obviously crunching based on tags created by server-header taggers
5577 doesn't prevent the request from showing up in the server's log file.
5584 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
5588 # Tag every request with the content type declared by the server
5589 {+server-header-tagger{content-type}}
5600 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5601 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="session-cookies-only">
5602 <title>session-cookies-only</title>
5606 <term>Typical use:</term>
5609 Allow only temporary <quote>session</quote> cookies (for the current
5610 browser session <emphasis>only</emphasis>).
5616 <term>Effect:</term>
5619 Deletes the <quote>expires</quote> field from <quote>Set-Cookie:</quote>
5620 server headers. Most browsers will not store such cookies permanently and
5621 forget them in between sessions.
5628 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5630 <para>Boolean.</para>
5635 <term>Parameter:</term>
5647 This is less strict than <literal><link linkend="crunch-incoming-cookies">crunch-incoming-cookies</link></literal> /
5648 <literal><link linkend="crunch-outgoing-cookies">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link></literal> and allows you to browse
5649 websites that insist or rely on setting cookies, without compromising your privacy too badly.
5652 Most browsers will not permanently store cookies that have been processed by
5653 <literal>session-cookies-only</literal> and will forget about them between sessions.
5654 This makes profiling cookies useless, but won't break sites which require cookies so
5655 that you can log in for transactions. This is generally turned on for all
5656 sites, and is the recommended setting.
5659 It makes <emphasis>no sense at all</emphasis> to use <literal>session-cookies-only</literal>
5660 together with <literal><link linkend="crunch-incoming-cookies">crunch-incoming-cookies</link></literal> or
5661 <literal><link linkend="crunch-outgoing-cookies">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link></literal>. If you do, cookies
5662 will be plainly killed.
5665 Note that it is up to the browser how it handles such cookies without an <quote>expires</quote>
5666 field. If you use an exotic browser, you might want to try it out to be sure.
5669 This setting also has no effect on cookies that may have been stored
5670 previously by the browser before starting <application>Privoxy</application>.
5671 These would have to be removed manually.
5674 <application>Privoxy</application> also uses
5675 the <link linkend="filter-content-cookies">content-cookies filter</link>
5676 to block some types of cookies. Content cookies are not effected by
5677 <literal>session-cookies-only</literal>.
5683 <term>Example usage:</term>
5686 <screen>+session-cookies-only</screen>
5694 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5695 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="set-image-blocker">
5696 <title>set-image-blocker</title>
5700 <term>Typical use:</term>
5702 <para>Choose the replacement for blocked images</para>
5707 <term>Effect:</term>
5710 This action alone doesn't do anything noticeable. If <emphasis>both</emphasis>
5711 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> <emphasis>and</emphasis> <literal><link
5712 linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal> <emphasis>also</emphasis>
5713 apply, i.e. if the request is to be blocked as an image,
5714 <emphasis>then</emphasis> the parameter of this action decides what will be
5715 sent as a replacement.
5722 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5724 <para>Parameterized.</para>
5729 <term>Parameter:</term>
5734 <quote>pattern</quote> to send a built-in checkerboard pattern image. The image is visually
5735 decent, scales very well, and makes it obvious where banners were busted.
5740 <quote>blank</quote> to send a built-in transparent image. This makes banners disappear
5741 completely, but makes it hard to detect where <application>Privoxy</application> has blocked
5742 images on a given page and complicates troubleshooting if <application>Privoxy</application>
5743 has blocked innocent images, like navigation icons.
5748 <quote><replaceable class="parameter">target-url</replaceable></quote> to
5749 send a redirect to <replaceable class="parameter">target-url</replaceable>. You can redirect
5750 to any image anywhere, even in your local filesystem via <quote>file:///</quote> URL.
5751 (But note that not all browsers support redirecting to a local file system).
5754 A good application of redirects is to use special <application>Privoxy</application>-built-in
5755 URLs, which send the built-in images, as <replaceable class="parameter">target-url</replaceable>.
5756 This has the same visual effect as specifying <quote>blank</quote> or <quote>pattern</quote> in
5757 the first place, but enables your browser to cache the replacement image, instead of requesting
5758 it over and over again.
5769 The URLs for the built-in images are <quote>http://config.privoxy.org/send-banner?type=<replaceable
5770 class="parameter">type</replaceable></quote>, where <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable> is
5771 either <quote>blank</quote> or <quote>pattern</quote>.
5774 There is a third (advanced) type, called <quote>auto</quote>. It is <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> to be
5775 used in <literal>set-image-blocker</literal>, but meant for use from <link linkend="filter-file">filters</link>.
5776 Auto will select the type of image that would have applied to the referring page, had it been an image.
5782 <term>Example usage:</term>
5788 <screen>+set-image-blocker{pattern}</screen>
5791 Redirect to the BSD daemon:
5794 <screen>+set-image-blocker{http://www.freebsd.org/gifs/dae_up3.gif}</screen>
5797 Redirect to the built-in pattern for better caching:
5800 <screen>+set-image-blocker{http://config.privoxy.org/send-banner?type=pattern}</screen>
5808 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5810 <title>Summary</title>
5812 Note that many of these actions have the potential to cause a page to
5813 misbehave, possibly even not to display at all. There are many ways
5814 a site designer may choose to design his site, and what HTTP header
5815 content, and other criteria, he may depend on. There is no way to have hard
5816 and fast rules for all sites. See the <link
5817 linkend="ACTIONSANAT">Appendix</link> for a brief example on troubleshooting
5823 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5824 <sect2 id="aliases">
5825 <title>Aliases</title>
5827 Custom <quote>actions</quote>, known to <application>Privoxy</application>
5828 as <quote>aliases</quote>, can be defined by combining other actions.
5829 These can in turn be invoked just like the built-in actions.
5830 Currently, an alias name can contain any character except space, tab,
5832 <quote>{</quote> and <quote>}</quote>, but we <emphasis>strongly
5833 recommend</emphasis> that you only use <quote>a</quote> to <quote>z</quote>,
5834 <quote>0</quote> to <quote>9</quote>, <quote>+</quote>, and <quote>-</quote>.
5835 Alias names are not case sensitive, and are not required to start with a
5836 <quote>+</quote> or <quote>-</quote> sign, since they are merely textually
5840 Aliases can be used throughout the actions file, but they <emphasis>must be
5841 defined in a special section at the top of the file!</emphasis>
5842 And there can only be one such section per actions file. Each actions file may
5843 have its own alias section, and the aliases defined in it are only visible
5847 There are two main reasons to use aliases: One is to save typing for frequently
5848 used combinations of actions, the other one is a gain in flexibility: If you
5849 decide once how you want to handle shops by defining an alias called
5850 <quote>shop</quote>, you can later change your policy on shops in
5851 <emphasis>one</emphasis> place, and your changes will take effect everywhere
5852 in the actions file where the <quote>shop</quote> alias is used. Calling aliases
5853 by their purpose also makes your actions files more readable.
5856 Currently, there is one big drawback to using aliases, though:
5857 <application>Privoxy</application>'s built-in web-based action file
5858 editor honors aliases when reading the actions files, but it expands
5859 them before writing. So the effects of your aliases are of course preserved,
5860 but the aliases themselves are lost when you edit sections that use aliases
5865 Now let's define some aliases...
5870 # Useful custom aliases we can use later.
5872 # Note the (required!) section header line and that this section
5873 # must be at the top of the actions file!
5877 # These aliases just save typing later:
5878 # (Note that some already use other aliases!)
5880 +crunch-all-cookies = +<link linkend="CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</link> +<link linkend="CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link>
5881 -crunch-all-cookies = -<link linkend="CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</link> -<link linkend="CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link>
5882 +block-as-image = +block{Blocked image.} +handle-as-image
5883 allow-all-cookies = -crunch-all-cookies -<link linkend="SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY">session-cookies-only</link> -<link linkend="FILTER-CONTENT-COOKIES">filter{content-cookies}</link>
5885 # These aliases define combinations of actions
5886 # that are useful for certain types of sites:
5888 fragile = -<link linkend="BLOCK">block</link> -<link linkend="FILTER">filter</link> -crunch-all-cookies -<link linkend="FAST-REDIRECTS">fast-redirects</link> -<link linkend="HIDE-REFERER">hide-referrer</link> -<link linkend="PREVENT-COMPRESSION">prevent-compression</link>
5890 shop = -crunch-all-cookies -<link linkend="FILTER-ALL-POPUPS">filter{all-popups}</link>
5892 # Short names for other aliases, for really lazy people ;-)
5894 c0 = +crunch-all-cookies
5895 c1 = -crunch-all-cookies</screen>
5899 ...and put them to use. These sections would appear in the lower part of an
5900 actions file and define exceptions to the default actions (as specified further
5901 up for the <quote>/</quote> pattern):
5906 # These sites are either very complex or very keen on
5907 # user data and require minimal interference to work:
5910 .office.microsoft.com
5911 .windowsupdate.microsoft.com
5912 # Gmail is really mail.google.com, not gmail.com
5916 # Allow cookies (for setting and retrieving your customer data)
5920 .worldpay.com # for quietpc.com
5923 # These shops require pop-ups:
5925 {-filter{all-popups} -filter{unsolicited-popups}}
5927 .overclockers.co.uk</screen>
5931 Aliases like <quote>shop</quote> and <quote>fragile</quote> are typically used for
5932 <quote>problem</quote> sites that require more than one action to be disabled
5933 in order to function properly.
5939 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5940 <sect2 id="act-examples">
5941 <title>Actions Files Tutorial</title>
5943 The above chapters have shown <link linkend="actions-file">which actions files
5944 there are and how they are organized</link>, how actions are <link
5945 linkend="actions">specified</link> and <link linkend="actions-apply">applied
5946 to URLs</link>, how <link linkend="af-patterns">patterns</link> work, and how to
5947 define and use <link linkend="aliases">aliases</link>. Now, let's look at an
5948 example <filename>match-all.action</filename>, <filename>default.action</filename>
5949 and <filename>user.action</filename> file and see how all these pieces come together:
5953 <title>match-all.action</title>
5955 Remember <emphasis>all actions are disabled when matching starts</emphasis>,
5956 so we have to explicitly enable the ones we want.
5960 While the <filename>match-all.action</filename> file only contains a
5961 single section, it is probably the most important one. It has only one
5962 pattern, <quote><literal>/</literal></quote>, but this pattern
5963 <link linkend="af-patterns">matches all URLs</link>. Therefore, the set of
5964 actions used in this <quote>default</quote> section <emphasis>will
5965 be applied to all requests as a start</emphasis>. It can be partly or
5966 wholly overridden by other actions files like <filename>default.action</filename>
5967 and <filename>user.action</filename>, but it will still be largely responsible
5968 for your overall browsing experience.
5972 Again, at the start of matching, all actions are disabled, so there is
5973 no need to disable any actions here. (Remember: a <quote>+</quote>
5974 preceding the action name enables the action, a <quote>-</quote> disables!).
5975 Also note how this long line has been made more readable by splitting it into
5976 multiple lines with line continuation.
5982 +<link linkend="CHANGE-X-FORWARDED-FOR">change-x-forwarded-for{block}</link> \
5983 +<link linkend="HIDE-FROM-HEADER">hide-from-header{block}</link> \
5984 +<link linkend="SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER">set-image-blocker{pattern}</link> \
5991 The default behavior is now set.
5996 <title>default.action</title>
5999 If you aren't a developer, there's no need for you to edit the
6000 <filename>default.action</filename> file. It is maintained by
6001 the &my-app; developers and if you disagree with some of the
6002 sections, you should overrule them in your <filename>user.action</filename>.
6006 Understanding the <filename>default.action</filename> file can
6007 help you with your <filename>user.action</filename>, though.
6011 The first section in this file is a special section for internal use
6012 that prevents older &my-app; versions from reading the file:
6017 ##########################################################################
6018 # Settings -- Don't change! For internal Privoxy use ONLY.
6019 ##########################################################################
6021 for-privoxy-version=3.0.11</screen>
6025 After that comes the (optional) alias section. We'll use the example
6026 section from the above <link linkend="aliases">chapter on aliases</link>,
6027 that also explains why and how aliases are used:
6032 ##########################################################################
6034 ##########################################################################
6037 # These aliases just save typing later:
6038 # (Note that some already use other aliases!)
6040 +crunch-all-cookies = +<link linkend="CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</link> +<link linkend="CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link>
6041 -crunch-all-cookies = -<link linkend="CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</link> -<link linkend="CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link>
6042 +block-as-image = +block{Blocked image.} +handle-as-image
6043 mercy-for-cookies = -crunch-all-cookies -<link linkend="SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY">session-cookies-only</link> -<link linkend="FILTER-CONTENT-COOKIES">filter{content-cookies}</link>
6045 # These aliases define combinations of actions
6046 # that are useful for certain types of sites:
6048 fragile = -<link linkend="BLOCK">block</link> -<link linkend="FILTER">filter</link> -crunch-all-cookies -<link linkend="FAST-REDIRECTS">fast-redirects</link> -<link linkend="HIDE-REFERER">hide-referrer</link>
6049 shop = -crunch-all-cookies -<link linkend="FILTER-ALL-POPUPS">filter{all-popups}</link></screen>
6053 The first of our specialized sections is concerned with <quote>fragile</quote>
6054 sites, i.e. sites that require minimum interference, because they are either
6055 very complex or very keen on tracking you (and have mechanisms in place that
6056 make them unusable for people who avoid being tracked). We will simply use
6057 our pre-defined <literal>fragile</literal> alias instead of stating the list
6058 of actions explicitly:
6063 ##########################################################################
6064 # Exceptions for sites that'll break under the default action set:
6065 ##########################################################################
6067 # "Fragile" Use a minimum set of actions for these sites (see alias above):
6070 .office.microsoft.com # surprise, surprise!
6071 .windowsupdate.microsoft.com
6072 mail.google.com</screen>
6076 Shopping sites are not as fragile, but they typically
6077 require cookies to log in, and pop-up windows for shopping
6078 carts or item details. Again, we'll use a pre-defined alias:
6087 .worldpay.com # for quietpc.com
6089 .scan.co.uk</screen>
6093 The <literal><link linkend="FAST-REDIRECTS">fast-redirects</link></literal>
6094 action, which may have been enabled in <filename>match-all.action</filename>,
6095 breaks some sites. So disable it for popular sites where we know it misbehaves:
6100 { -<link linkend="FAST-REDIRECTS">fast-redirects</link> }
6104 .altavista.com/.*(like|url|link):http
6105 .altavista.com/trans.*urltext=http
6106 .nytimes.com</screen>
6110 It is important that <application>Privoxy</application> knows which
6111 URLs belong to images, so that <emphasis>if</emphasis> they are to
6112 be blocked, a substitute image can be sent, rather than an HTML page.
6113 Contacting the remote site to find out is not an option, since it
6114 would destroy the loading time advantage of banner blocking, and it
6115 would feed the advertisers information about you. We can mark any
6116 URL as an image with the <literal><link
6117 linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal> action,
6118 and marking all URLs that end in a known image file extension is a
6124 ##########################################################################
6126 ##########################################################################
6128 # Define which file types will be treated as images, in case they get
6129 # blocked further down this file:
6131 { +<link linkend="HANDLE-AS-IMAGE">handle-as-image</link> }
6132 /.*\.(gif|jpe?g|png|bmp|ico)$</screen>
6136 And then there are known banner sources. They often use scripts to
6137 generate the banners, so it won't be visible from the URL that the
6138 request is for an image. Hence we block them <emphasis>and</emphasis>
6139 mark them as images in one go, with the help of our
6140 <literal>+block-as-image</literal> alias defined above. (We could of
6141 course just as well use <literal>+<link linkend="block">block</link>
6142 +<link linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal> here.)
6143 Remember that the type of the replacement image is chosen by the
6144 <literal><link linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link></literal>
6145 action. Since all URLs have matched the default section with its
6146 <literal>+<link linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link>{pattern}</literal>
6147 action before, it still applies and needn't be repeated:
6152 # Known ad generators:
6157 .ad.*.doubleclick.net
6158 .a.yimg.com/(?:(?!/i/).)*$
6159 .a[0-9].yimg.com/(?:(?!/i/).)*$
6165 One of the most important jobs of <application>Privoxy</application>
6166 is to block banners. Many of these can be <quote>blocked</quote>
6167 by the <literal><link linkend="filter">filter</link>{banners-by-size}</literal>
6168 action, which we enabled above, and which deletes the references to banner
6169 images from the pages while they are loaded, so the browser doesn't request
6170 them anymore, and hence they don't need to be blocked here. But this naturally
6171 doesn't catch all banners, and some people choose not to use filters, so we
6172 need a comprehensive list of patterns for banner URLs here, and apply the
6173 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> action to them.
6176 First comes many generic patterns, which do most of the work, by
6177 matching typical domain and path name components of banners. Then comes
6178 a list of individual patterns for specific sites, which is omitted here
6179 to keep the example short:
6184 ##########################################################################
6185 # Block these fine banners:
6186 ##########################################################################
6187 { <link linkend="BLOCK">+block{Banner ads.}</link> }
6195 /.*count(er)?\.(pl|cgi|exe|dll|asp|php[34]?)
6196 /(?:.*/)?(publicite|werbung|rekla(ma|me|am)|annonse|maino(kset|nta|s)?)/
6198 # Site-specific patterns (abbreviated):
6200 .hitbox.com</screen>
6204 It's quite remarkable how many advertisers actually call their banner
6205 servers ads.<replaceable>company</replaceable>.com, or call the directory
6206 in which the banners are stored simply <quote>banners</quote>. So the above
6207 generic patterns are surprisingly effective.
6210 But being very generic, they necessarily also catch URLs that we don't want
6211 to block. The pattern <literal>.*ads.</literal> e.g. catches
6212 <quote>nasty-<emphasis>ads</emphasis>.nasty-corp.com</quote> as intended,
6213 but also <quote>downlo<emphasis>ads</emphasis>.sourcefroge.net</quote> or
6214 <quote><emphasis>ads</emphasis>l.some-provider.net.</quote> So here come some
6215 well-known exceptions to the <literal>+<link linkend="BLOCK">block</link></literal>
6219 Note that these are exceptions to exceptions from the default! Consider the URL
6220 <quote>downloads.sourcefroge.net</quote>: Initially, all actions are deactivated,
6221 so it wouldn't get blocked. Then comes the defaults section, which matches the
6222 URL, but just deactivates the <literal><link linkend="BLOCK">block</link></literal>
6223 action once again. Then it matches <literal>.*ads.</literal>, an exception to the
6224 general non-blocking policy, and suddenly
6225 <literal><link linkend="BLOCK">+block</link></literal> applies. And now, it'll match
6226 <literal>.*loads.</literal>, where <literal><link linkend="BLOCK">-block</link></literal>
6227 applies, so (unless it matches <emphasis>again</emphasis> further down) it ends up
6228 with no <literal><link linkend="BLOCK">block</link></literal> action applying.
6233 ##########################################################################
6234 # Save some innocent victims of the above generic block patterns:
6235 ##########################################################################
6239 { -<link linkend="BLOCK">block</link> }
6240 adv[io]*. # (for advogato.org and advice.*)
6241 adsl. # (has nothing to do with ads)
6242 adobe. # (has nothing to do with ads either)
6243 ad[ud]*. # (adult.* and add.*)
6244 .edu # (universities don't host banners (yet!))
6245 .*loads. # (downloads, uploads etc)
6253 www.globalintersec.com/adv # (adv = advanced)
6254 www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/adv</screen>
6258 Filtering source code can have nasty side effects,
6259 so make an exception for our friends at sourceforge.net,
6260 and all paths with <quote>cvs</quote> in them. Note that
6261 <literal>-<link linkend="FILTER">filter</link></literal>
6262 disables <emphasis>all</emphasis> filters in one fell swoop!
6267 # Don't filter code!
6269 { -<link linkend="FILTER">filter</link> }
6274 .sourceforge.net</screen>
6278 The actual <filename>default.action</filename> is of course much more
6279 comprehensive, but we hope this example made clear how it works.
6284 <sect3><title>user.action</title>
6287 So far we are painting with a broad brush by setting general policies,
6288 which would be a reasonable starting point for many people. Now,
6289 you might want to be more specific and have customized rules that
6290 are more suitable to your personal habits and preferences. These would
6291 be for narrowly defined situations like your ISP or your bank, and should
6292 be placed in <filename>user.action</filename>, which is parsed after all other
6293 actions files and hence has the last word, over-riding any previously
6294 defined actions. <filename>user.action</filename> is also a
6295 <emphasis>safe</emphasis> place for your personal settings, since
6296 <filename>default.action</filename> is actively maintained by the
6297 <application>Privoxy</application> developers and you'll probably want
6298 to install updated versions from time to time.
6302 So let's look at a few examples of things that one might typically do in
6303 <filename>user.action</filename>:
6307 <!-- brief sample user.action here -->
6311 # My user.action file. <fred@example.com></screen>
6315 As <link linkend="aliases">aliases</link> are local to the actions
6316 file that they are defined in, you can't use the ones from
6317 <filename>default.action</filename>, unless you repeat them here:
6322 # Aliases are local to the file they are defined in.
6323 # (Re-)define aliases for this file:
6327 # These aliases just save typing later, and the alias names should
6328 # be self explanatory.
6330 +crunch-all-cookies = +crunch-incoming-cookies +crunch-outgoing-cookies
6331 -crunch-all-cookies = -crunch-incoming-cookies -crunch-outgoing-cookies
6332 allow-all-cookies = -crunch-all-cookies -session-cookies-only
6333 allow-popups = -filter{all-popups}
6334 +block-as-image = +block{Blocked as image.} +handle-as-image
6335 -block-as-image = -block
6337 # These aliases define combinations of actions that are useful for
6338 # certain types of sites:
6340 fragile = -block -crunch-all-cookies -filter -fast-redirects -hide-referrer
6341 shop = -crunch-all-cookies allow-popups
6343 # Allow ads for selected useful free sites:
6345 allow-ads = -block -filter{banners-by-size} -filter{banners-by-link}
6347 # Alias for specific file types that are text, but might have conflicting
6348 # MIME types. We want the browser to force these to be text documents.
6349 handle-as-text = -<link linkend="FILTER">filter</link> +-<link linkend="content-type-overwrite">content-type-overwrite{text/plain}</link> +-<link linkend="FORCE-TEXT-MODE">force-text-mode</link> -<link linkend="HIDE-CONTENT-DISPOSITION">hide-content-disposition</link></screen>
6354 Say you have accounts on some sites that you visit regularly, and
6355 you don't want to have to log in manually each time. So you'd like
6356 to allow persistent cookies for these sites. The
6357 <literal>allow-all-cookies</literal> alias defined above does exactly
6358 that, i.e. it disables crunching of cookies in any direction, and the
6359 processing of cookies to make them only temporary.
6364 { allow-all-cookies }
6368 .redhat.com</screen>
6372 Your bank is allergic to some filter, but you don't know which, so you disable them all:
6377 { -<link linkend="FILTER">filter</link> }
6378 .your-home-banking-site.com</screen>
6382 Some file types you may not want to filter for various reasons:
6387 # Technical documentation is likely to contain strings that might
6388 # erroneously get altered by the JavaScript-oriented filters:
6393 # And this stupid host sends streaming video with a wrong MIME type,
6394 # so that Privoxy thinks it is getting HTML and starts filtering:
6396 stupid-server.example.com/</screen>
6400 Example of a simple <link linkend="BLOCK">block</link> action. Say you've
6401 seen an ad on your favourite page on example.com that you want to get rid of.
6402 You have right-clicked the image, selected <quote>copy image location</quote>
6403 and pasted the URL below while removing the leading http://, into a
6404 <literal>{ +block{} }</literal> section. Note that <literal>{ +handle-as-image
6405 }</literal> need not be specified, since all URLs ending in
6406 <literal>.gif</literal> will be tagged as images by the general rules as set
6407 in default.action anyway:
6412 { +<link linkend="BLOCK">block</link>{Nasty ads.} }
6413 www.example.com/nasty-ads/sponsor\.gif
6414 another.example.net/more/junk/here/</screen>
6418 The URLs of dynamically generated banners, especially from large banner
6419 farms, often don't use the well-known image file name extensions, which
6420 makes it impossible for <application>Privoxy</application> to guess
6421 the file type just by looking at the URL.
6422 You can use the <literal>+block-as-image</literal> alias defined above for
6424 Note that objects which match this rule but then turn out NOT to be an
6425 image are typically rendered as a <quote>broken image</quote> icon by the
6426 browser. Use cautiously.
6435 ar.atwola.com/</screen>
6439 Now you noticed that the default configuration breaks Forbes Magazine,
6440 but you were too lazy to find out which action is the culprit, and you
6441 were again too lazy to give <link linkend="contact">feedback</link>, so
6442 you just used the <literal>fragile</literal> alias on the site, and
6443 -- <emphasis>whoa!</emphasis> -- it worked. The <literal>fragile</literal>
6444 aliases disables those actions that are most likely to break a site. Also,
6445 good for testing purposes to see if it is <application>Privoxy</application>
6446 that is causing the problem or not. We later find other regular sites
6447 that misbehave, and add those to our personalized list of troublemakers:
6455 .mybank.com</screen>
6459 You like the <quote>fun</quote> text replacements in <filename>default.filter</filename>,
6460 but it is disabled in the distributed actions file.
6461 So you'd like to turn it on in your private,
6462 update-safe config, once and for all:
6467 { +<link linkend="filter-fun">filter{fun}</link> }
6468 / # For ALL sites!</screen>
6472 Note that the above is not really a good idea: There are exceptions
6473 to the filters in <filename>default.action</filename> for things that
6474 really shouldn't be filtered, like code on CVS->Web interfaces. Since
6475 <filename>user.action</filename> has the last word, these exceptions
6476 won't be valid for the <quote>fun</quote> filtering specified here.
6480 You might also worry about how your favourite free websites are
6481 funded, and find that they rely on displaying banner advertisements
6482 to survive. So you might want to specifically allow banners for those
6483 sites that you feel provide value to you:
6495 Note that <literal>allow-ads</literal> has been aliased to
6496 <literal>-<link linkend="block">block</link></literal>,
6497 <literal>-<link linkend="filter-banners-by-size">filter{banners-by-size}</link></literal>, and
6498 <literal>-<link linkend="filter-banners-by-link">filter{banners-by-link}</link></literal> above.
6502 Invoke another alias here to force an over-ride of the MIME type <literal>
6503 application/x-sh</literal> which typically would open a download type
6504 dialog. In my case, I want to look at the shell script, and then I can save
6505 it should I choose to.
6515 <filename>user.action</filename> is generally the best place to define
6516 exceptions and additions to the default policies of
6517 <filename>default.action</filename>. Some actions are safe to have their
6518 default policies set here though. So let's set a default policy to have a
6519 <quote>blank</quote> image as opposed to the checkerboard pattern for
6520 <emphasis>ALL</emphasis> sites. <quote>/</quote> of course matches all URL
6526 { +<link linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker{blank}</link> }
6527 / # ALL sites</screen>
6533 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
6537 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
6539 <!-- ~~~~~~~~ New section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
6541 <sect1 id="filter-file">
6542 <title>Filter Files</title>
6545 On-the-fly text substitutions need
6546 to be defined in a <quote>filter file</quote>. Once defined, they
6547 can then be invoked as an <quote>action</quote>.
6551 &my-app; supports three different pcrs-based filter actions:
6552 <literal><link linkend="filter">filter</link></literal> to
6553 rewrite the content that is send to the client,
6554 <literal><link linkend="client-header-filter">client-header-filter</link></literal>
6555 to rewrite headers that are send by the client, and
6556 <literal><link linkend="server-header-filter">server-header-filter</link></literal>
6557 to rewrite headers that are send by the server.
6561 &my-app; also supports two tagger actions:
6562 <literal><link linkend="client-header-tagger">client-header-tagger</link></literal>
6564 <literal><link linkend="server-header-tagger">server-header-tagger</link></literal>.
6565 Taggers and filters use the same syntax in the filter files, the difference
6566 is that taggers don't modify the text they are filtering, but use a rewritten
6567 version of the filtered text as tag. The tags can then be used to change the
6568 applying actions through sections with <link linkend="tag-pattern">tag-patterns</link>.
6572 Finally &my-app; supports the
6573 <literal><link linkend="external-filter">external-filter</link></literal> action
6574 to enable <literal><link linkend="external-filter-syntax">external filters</link></literal>
6575 written in proper programming languages.
6580 Multiple filter files can be defined through the <literal> <link
6581 linkend="filterfile">filterfile</link></literal> config directive. The filters
6582 as supplied by the developers are located in
6583 <filename>default.filter</filename>. It is recommended that any locally
6584 defined or modified filters go in a separately defined file such as
6585 <filename>user.filter</filename>.
6589 Common tasks for content filters are to eliminate common annoyances in
6590 HTML and JavaScript, such as pop-up windows,
6591 exit consoles, crippled windows without navigation tools, the
6592 infamous <BLINK> tag etc, to suppress images with certain
6593 width and height attributes (standard banner sizes or web-bugs),
6594 or just to have fun.
6598 Enabled content filters are applied to any content whose
6599 <quote>Content Type</quote> header is recognised as a sign
6600 of text-based content, with the exception of <literal>text/plain</literal>.
6601 Use the <link linkend="FORCE-TEXT-MODE">force-text-mode</link> action
6602 to also filter other content.
6606 Substitutions are made at the source level, so if you want to <quote>roll
6607 your own</quote> filters, you should first be familiar with HTML syntax,
6608 and, of course, regular expressions.
6612 Just like the <link linkend="actions-file">actions files</link>, the
6613 filter file is organized in sections, which are called <emphasis>filters</emphasis>
6614 here. Each filter consists of a heading line, that starts with one of the
6615 <emphasis>keywords</emphasis> <literal>FILTER:</literal>,
6616 <literal>CLIENT-HEADER-FILTER:</literal> or <literal>SERVER-HEADER-FILTER:</literal>
6617 followed by the filter's <emphasis>name</emphasis>, and a short (one line)
6618 <emphasis>description</emphasis> of what it does. Below that line
6619 come the <emphasis>jobs</emphasis>, i.e. lines that define the actual
6620 text substitutions. By convention, the name of a filter
6621 should describe what the filter <emphasis>eliminates</emphasis>. The
6622 comment is used in the <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/">web-based
6623 user interface</ulink>.
6627 Once a filter called <replaceable>name</replaceable> has been defined
6628 in the filter file, it can be invoked by using an action of the form
6629 +<literal><link linkend="filter">filter</link>{<replaceable>name</replaceable>}</literal>
6630 in any <link linkend="actions-file">actions file</link>.
6634 Filter definitions start with a header line that contains the filter
6635 type, the filter name and the filter description.
6636 A content filter header line for a filter called <quote>foo</quote> could look
6641 <screen>FILTER: foo Replace all "foo" with "bar"</screen>
6645 Below that line, and up to the next header line, come the jobs that
6646 define what text replacements the filter executes. They are specified
6647 in a syntax that imitates <ulink url="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</ulink>'s
6648 <literal>s///</literal> operator. If you are familiar with Perl, you
6649 will find this to be quite intuitive, and may want to look at the
6650 PCRS documentation for the subtle differences to Perl behaviour.
6654 Most notably, the non-standard option letter <literal>U</literal> is supported,
6655 which turns the default to ungreedy matching (add <literal>?</literal> to
6656 quantifiers to turn them greedy again).
6660 The non-standard option letter <literal>D</literal> (dynamic) allows
6661 to use the variables $host, $origin (the IP address the request came from),
6662 $path and $url. They will be replaced with the value they refer to before
6663 the filter is executed.
6667 Note that '$' is a bad choice for a delimiter in a dynamic filter as you
6668 might end up with unintended variables if you use a variable name
6669 directly after the delimiter. Variables will be resolved without
6670 escaping anything, therefore you also have to be careful not to chose
6671 delimiters that appear in the replacement text. For example '<' should
6672 be save, while '?' will sooner or later cause conflicts with $url.
6676 The non-standard option letter <literal>T</literal> (trivial) prevents
6677 parsing for backreferences in the substitute. Use it if you want to include
6678 text like '$&' in your substitute without quoting.
6683 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions"><quote>Regular
6684 Expressions</quote></ulink>, you might want to take a look at
6685 the <link linkend="regex">Appendix on regular expressions</link>, and
6686 see the <ulink url="http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html">Perl
6688 <ulink url="http://perldoc.perl.org/perlop.html">the
6689 <literal>s///</literal> operator's syntax</ulink> and <ulink
6690 url="http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html">Perl-style regular
6691 expressions</ulink> in general.
6692 The below examples might also help to get you started.
6696 <!-- ~~~~~~~~ New section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
6698 <sect2><title>Filter File Tutorial</title>
6700 Now, let's complete our <quote>foo</quote> content filter. We have already defined
6701 the heading, but the jobs are still missing. Since all it does is to replace
6702 <quote>foo</quote> with <quote>bar</quote>, there is only one (trivial) job
6707 <screen>s/foo/bar/</screen>
6711 But wait! Didn't the comment say that <emphasis>all</emphasis> occurrences
6712 of <quote>foo</quote> should be replaced? Our current job will only take
6713 care of the first <quote>foo</quote> on each page. For global substitution,
6714 we'll need to add the <literal>g</literal> option:
6718 <screen>s/foo/bar/g</screen>
6722 Our complete filter now looks like this:
6725 <screen>FILTER: foo Replace all "foo" with "bar"
6726 s/foo/bar/g</screen>
6730 Let's look at some real filters for more interesting examples. Here you see
6731 a filter that protects against some common annoyances that arise from JavaScript
6732 abuse. Let's look at its jobs one after the other:
6738 FILTER: js-annoyances Get rid of particularly annoying JavaScript abuse
6740 # Get rid of JavaScript referrer tracking. Test page: http://www.randomoddness.com/untitled.htm
6742 s|(<script.*)document\.referrer(.*</script>)|$1"Not Your Business!"$2|Usg</screen>
6746 Following the header line and a comment, you see the job. Note that it uses
6747 <literal>|</literal> as the delimiter instead of <literal>/</literal>, because
6748 the pattern contains a forward slash, which would otherwise have to be escaped
6749 by a backslash (<literal>\</literal>).
6753 Now, let's examine the pattern: it starts with the text <literal><script.*</literal>
6754 enclosed in parentheses. Since the dot matches any character, and <literal>*</literal>
6755 means: <quote>Match an arbitrary number of the element left of myself</quote>, this
6756 matches <quote><script</quote>, followed by <emphasis>any</emphasis> text, i.e.
6757 it matches the whole page, from the start of the first <script> tag.
6761 That's more than we want, but the pattern continues: <literal>document\.referrer</literal>
6762 matches only the exact string <quote>document.referrer</quote>. The dot needed to
6763 be <emphasis>escaped</emphasis>, i.e. preceded by a backslash, to take away its
6764 special meaning as a joker, and make it just a regular dot. So far, the meaning is:
6765 Match from the start of the first <script> tag in a the page, up to, and including,
6766 the text <quote>document.referrer</quote>, if <emphasis>both</emphasis> are present
6767 in the page (and appear in that order).
6771 But there's still more pattern to go. The next element, again enclosed in parentheses,
6772 is <literal>.*</script></literal>. You already know what <literal>.*</literal>
6773 means, so the whole pattern translates to: Match from the start of the first <script>
6774 tag in a page to the end of the last <script> tag, provided that the text
6775 <quote>document.referrer</quote> appears somewhere in between.
6779 This is still not the whole story, since we have ignored the options and the parentheses:
6780 The portions of the page matched by sub-patterns that are enclosed in parentheses, will be
6781 remembered and be available through the variables <literal>$1, $2, ...</literal> in
6782 the substitute. The <literal>U</literal> option switches to ungreedy matching, which means
6783 that the first <literal>.*</literal> in the pattern will only <quote>eat up</quote> all
6784 text in between <quote><script</quote> and the <emphasis>first</emphasis> occurrence
6785 of <quote>document.referrer</quote>, and that the second <literal>.*</literal> will
6786 only span the text up to the <emphasis>first</emphasis> <quote></script></quote>
6787 tag. Furthermore, the <literal>s</literal> option says that the match may span
6788 multiple lines in the page, and the <literal>g</literal> option again means that the
6789 substitution is global.
6793 So, to summarize, the pattern means: Match all scripts that contain the text
6794 <quote>document.referrer</quote>. Remember the parts of the script from
6795 (and including) the start tag up to (and excluding) the string
6796 <quote>document.referrer</quote> as <literal>$1</literal>, and the part following
6797 that string, up to and including the closing tag, as <literal>$2</literal>.
6801 Now the pattern is deciphered, but wasn't this about substituting things? So
6802 lets look at the substitute: <literal>$1"Not Your Business!"$2</literal> is
6803 easy to read: The text remembered as <literal>$1</literal>, followed by
6804 <literal>"Not Your Business!"</literal> (<emphasis>including</emphasis>
6805 the quotation marks!), followed by the text remembered as <literal>$2</literal>.
6806 This produces an exact copy of the original string, with the middle part
6807 (the <quote>document.referrer</quote>) replaced by <literal>"Not Your
6808 Business!"</literal>.
6812 The whole job now reads: Replace <quote>document.referrer</quote> by
6813 <literal>"Not Your Business!"</literal> wherever it appears inside a
6814 <script> tag. Note that this job won't break JavaScript syntax,
6815 since both the original and the replacement are syntactically valid
6816 string objects. The script just won't have access to the referrer
6817 information anymore.
6821 We'll show you two other jobs from the JavaScript taming department, but
6822 this time only point out the constructs of special interest:
6827 # The status bar is for displaying link targets, not pointless blahblah
6829 s/window\.status\s*=\s*(['"]).*?\1/dUmMy=1/ig</screen>
6833 <literal>\s</literal> stands for whitespace characters (space, tab, newline,
6834 carriage return, form feed), so that <literal>\s*</literal> means: <quote>zero
6835 or more whitespace</quote>. The <literal>?</literal> in <literal>.*?</literal>
6836 makes this matching of arbitrary text ungreedy. (Note that the <literal>U</literal>
6837 option is not set). The <literal>['"]</literal> construct means: <quote>a single
6838 <emphasis>or</emphasis> a double quote</quote>. Finally, <literal>\1</literal> is
6839 a back-reference to the first parenthesis just like <literal>$1</literal> above,
6840 with the difference that in the <emphasis>pattern</emphasis>, a backslash indicates
6841 a back-reference, whereas in the <emphasis>substitute</emphasis>, it's the dollar.
6845 So what does this job do? It replaces assignments of single- or double-quoted
6846 strings to the <quote>window.status</quote> object with a dummy assignment
6847 (using a variable name that is hopefully odd enough not to conflict with
6848 real variables in scripts). Thus, it catches many cases where e.g. pointless
6849 descriptions are displayed in the status bar instead of the link target when
6850 you move your mouse over links.
6855 # Kill OnUnload popups. Yummy. Test: http://www.zdnet.com/zdsubs/yahoo/tree/yfs.html
6857 s/(<body [^>]*)onunload(.*>)/$1never$2/iU</screen>
6862 <ulink url="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Events-20001113/events.html#Events-eventgroupings-htmlevents">OnUnload
6863 event binding</ulink> in the HTML DOM was a <emphasis>CRIME</emphasis>.
6864 When I close a browser window, I want it to close and die. Basta.
6865 This job replaces the <quote>onunload</quote> attribute in
6866 <quote><body></quote> tags with the dummy word <literal>never</literal>.
6867 Note that the <literal>i</literal> option makes the pattern matching
6868 case-insensitive. Also note that ungreedy matching alone doesn't always guarantee
6869 a minimal match: In the first parenthesis, we had to use <literal>[^>]*</literal>
6870 instead of <literal>.*</literal> to prevent the match from exceeding the
6871 <body> tag if it doesn't contain <quote>OnUnload</quote>, but the page's
6876 The last example is from the fun department:
6881 FILTER: fun Fun text replacements
6883 # Spice the daily news:
6885 s/microsoft(?!\.com)/MicroSuck/ig</screen>
6889 Note the <literal>(?!\.com)</literal> part (a so-called negative lookahead)
6890 in the job's pattern, which means: Don't match, if the string
6891 <quote>.com</quote> appears directly following <quote>microsoft</quote>
6892 in the page. This prevents links to microsoft.com from being trashed, while
6893 still replacing the word everywhere else.
6898 # Buzzword Bingo (example for extended regex syntax)
6900 s* industry[ -]leading \
6902 | customer[ -]focused \
6903 | market[ -]driven \
6904 | award[ -]winning # Comments are OK, too! \
6905 | high[ -]performance \
6906 | solutions[ -]based \
6910 *<font color="red"><b>BINGO!</b></font> \
6915 The <literal>x</literal> option in this job turns on extended syntax, and allows for
6916 e.g. the liberal use of (non-interpreted!) whitespace for nicer formatting.
6924 <!-- ~~~~~~~~ New section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
6926 <sect2 id="predefined-filters"><title>The Pre-defined Filters</title>
6930 Note each filter is also listed in the +filter action section above. Please
6931 keep these listings in sync.
6936 The distribution <filename>default.filter</filename> file contains a selection of
6937 pre-defined filters for your convenience:
6942 <term><emphasis>js-annoyances</emphasis></term>
6945 The purpose of this filter is to get rid of particularly annoying JavaScript abuse.
6950 replaces JavaScript references to the browser's referrer information
6951 with the string "Not Your Business!". This compliments the <literal><link
6952 linkend="hide-referrer">hide-referrer</link></literal> action on the content level.
6957 removes the bindings to the DOM's
6958 <ulink url="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Events-20001113/events.html#Events-eventgroupings-htmlevents">unload
6959 event</ulink> which we feel has no right to exist and is responsible for most <quote>exit consoles</quote>, i.e.
6960 nasty windows that pop up when you close another one.
6965 removes code that causes new windows to be opened with undesired properties, such as being
6966 full-screen, non-resizeable, without location, status or menu bar etc.
6972 Use with caution. This is an aggressive filter, and can break sites that
6973 rely heavily on JavaScript.
6979 <term><emphasis>js-events</emphasis></term>
6982 This is a very radical measure. It removes virtually all JavaScript event bindings, which
6983 means that scripts can not react to user actions such as mouse movements or clicks, window
6984 resizing etc, anymore. Use with caution!
6987 We <emphasis>strongly discourage</emphasis> using this filter as a default since it breaks
6988 many legitimate scripts. It is meant for use only on extra-nasty sites (should you really
6995 <term><emphasis>html-annoyances</emphasis></term>
6998 This filter will undo many common instances of HTML based abuse.
7001 The <literal>BLINK</literal> and <literal>MARQUEE</literal> tags
7002 are neutralized (yeah baby!), and browser windows will be created as
7003 resizeable (as of course they should be!), and will have location,
7004 scroll and menu bars -- even if specified otherwise.
7010 <term><emphasis>content-cookies</emphasis></term>
7013 Most cookies are set in the HTTP dialog, where they can be intercepted
7015 <literal><link linkend="crunch-incoming-cookies">crunch-incoming-cookies</link></literal>
7016 and <literal><link linkend="crunch-outgoing-cookies">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link></literal>
7017 actions. But web sites increasingly make use of HTML meta tags and JavaScript
7018 to sneak cookies to the browser on the content level.
7021 This filter disables most HTML and JavaScript code that reads or sets
7022 cookies. It cannot detect all clever uses of these types of code, so it
7023 should not be relied on as an absolute fix. Use it wherever you would also
7024 use the cookie crunch actions.
7030 <term><emphasis>refresh-tags</emphasis></term>
7033 Disable any refresh tags if the interval is greater than nine seconds (so
7034 that redirections done via refresh tags are not destroyed). This is useful
7035 for dial-on-demand setups, or for those who find this HTML feature
7042 <term><emphasis>unsolicited-popups</emphasis></term>
7045 This filter attempts to prevent only <quote>unsolicited</quote> pop-up
7046 windows from opening, yet still allow pop-up windows that the user
7047 has explicitly chosen to open. It was added in version 3.0.1,
7048 as an improvement over earlier such filters.
7051 Technical note: The filter works by redefining the window.open JavaScript
7052 function to a dummy function, <literal>PrivoxyWindowOpen()</literal>,
7053 during the loading and rendering phase of each HTML page access, and
7054 restoring the function afterward.
7057 This is recommended only for browsers that cannot perform this function
7058 reliably themselves. And be aware that some sites require such windows
7059 in order to function normally. Use with caution.
7065 <term><emphasis>all-popups</emphasis></term>
7068 Attempt to prevent <emphasis>all</emphasis> pop-up windows from opening.
7069 Note this should be used with even more discretion than the above, since
7070 it is more likely to break some sites that require pop-ups for normal
7071 usage. Use with caution.
7077 <term><emphasis>img-reorder</emphasis></term>
7080 This is a helper filter that has no value if used alone. It makes the
7081 <literal>banners-by-size</literal> and <literal>banners-by-link</literal>
7082 (see below) filters more effective and should be enabled together with them.
7088 <term><emphasis>banners-by-size</emphasis></term>
7091 This filter removes image tags purely based on what size they are. Fortunately
7092 for us, many ads and banner images tend to conform to certain standardized
7093 sizes, which makes this filter quite effective for ad stripping purposes.
7096 Occasionally this filter will cause false positives on images that are not ads,
7097 but just happen to be of one of the standard banner sizes.
7100 Recommended only for those who require extreme ad blocking. The default
7101 block rules should catch 95+% of all ads <emphasis>without</emphasis> this filter enabled.
7107 <term><emphasis>banners-by-link</emphasis></term>
7110 This is an experimental filter that attempts to kill any banners if
7111 their URLs seem to point to known or suspected click trackers. It is currently
7112 not of much value and is not recommended for use by default.
7118 <term><emphasis>webbugs</emphasis></term>
7121 Webbugs are small, invisible images (technically 1X1 GIF images), that
7122 are used to track users across websites, and collect information on them.
7123 As an HTML page is loaded by the browser, an embedded image tag causes the
7124 browser to contact a third-party site, disclosing the tracking information
7125 through the requested URL and/or cookies for that third-party domain, without
7126 the user ever becoming aware of the interaction with the third-party site.
7127 HTML-ized spam also uses a similar technique to verify email addresses.
7130 This filter removes the HTML code that loads such <quote>webbugs</quote>.
7136 <term><emphasis>tiny-textforms</emphasis></term>
7139 A rather special-purpose filter that can be used to enlarge textareas (those
7140 multi-line text boxes in web forms) and turn off hard word wrap in them.
7141 It was written for the sourceforge.net tracker system where such boxes are
7142 a nuisance, but it can be handy on other sites, too.
7145 It is not recommended to use this filter as a default.
7151 <term><emphasis>jumping-windows</emphasis></term>
7154 Many consider windows that move, or resize themselves to be abusive. This filter
7155 neutralizes the related JavaScript code. Note that some sites might not display
7156 or behave as intended when using this filter. Use with caution.
7162 <term><emphasis>frameset-borders</emphasis></term>
7165 Some web designers seem to assume that everyone in the world will view their
7166 web sites using the same browser brand and version, screen resolution etc,
7167 because only that assumption could explain why they'd use static frame sizes,
7168 yet prevent their frames from being resized by the user, should they be too
7169 small to show their whole content.
7172 This filter removes the related HTML code. It should only be applied to sites
7179 <term><emphasis>demoronizer</emphasis></term>
7182 Many Microsoft products that generate HTML use non-standard extensions (read:
7183 violations) of the ISO 8859-1 aka Latin-1 character set. This can cause those
7184 HTML documents to display with errors on standard-compliant platforms.
7187 This filter translates the MS-only characters into Latin-1 equivalents.
7188 It is not necessary when using MS products, and will cause corruption of
7189 all documents that use 8-bit character sets other than Latin-1. It's mostly
7190 worthwhile for Europeans on non-MS platforms, if weird garbage characters
7191 sometimes appear on some pages, or user agents that don't correct for this on
7194 My version of Mozilla (ancient) shows litte square boxes for quote
7195 characters, and apostrophes on moronized pages. So many pages have this, I
7196 can read them fine now. HB 08/27/06
7203 <term><emphasis>shockwave-flash</emphasis></term>
7206 A filter for shockwave haters. As the name suggests, this filter strips code
7207 out of web pages that is used to embed shockwave flash objects.
7215 <term><emphasis>quicktime-kioskmode</emphasis></term>
7218 Change HTML code that embeds Quicktime objects so that kioskmode, which
7219 prevents saving, is disabled.
7225 <term><emphasis>fun</emphasis></term>
7228 Text replacements for subversive browsing fun. Make fun of your favorite
7229 Monopolist or play buzzword bingo.
7235 <term><emphasis>crude-parental</emphasis></term>
7238 A demonstration-only filter that shows how <application>Privoxy</application>
7239 can be used to delete web content on a keyword basis.
7245 <term><emphasis>ie-exploits</emphasis></term>
7248 An experimental collection of text replacements to disable malicious HTML and JavaScript
7249 code that exploits known security holes in Internet Explorer.
7252 Presently, it only protects against Nimda and a cross-site scripting bug, and
7253 would need active maintenance to provide more substantial protection.
7259 <term><emphasis>site-specifics</emphasis></term>
7262 Some web sites have very specific problems, the cure for which doesn't apply
7263 anywhere else, or could even cause damage on other sites.
7266 This is a collection of such site-specific cures which should only be applied
7267 to the sites they were intended for, which is what the supplied
7268 <filename>default.action</filename> file does. Users shouldn't need to change
7269 anything regarding this filter.
7275 <term><emphasis>google</emphasis></term>
7278 A CSS based block for Google text ads. Also removes a width limitation
7279 and the toolbar advertisement.
7285 <term><emphasis>yahoo</emphasis></term>
7288 Another CSS based block, this time for Yahoo text ads. And removes
7289 a width limitation as well.
7295 <term><emphasis>msn</emphasis></term>
7298 Another CSS based block, this time for MSN text ads. And removes
7299 tracking URLs, as well as a width limitation.
7305 <term><emphasis>blogspot</emphasis></term>
7308 Cleans up some Blogspot blogs. Read the fine print before using this one!
7311 This filter also intentionally removes some navigation stuff and sets the
7312 page width to 100%. As a result, some rounded <quote>corners</quote> would
7313 appear to early or not at all and as fixing this would require a browser
7314 that understands background-size (CSS3), they are removed instead.
7320 <term><emphasis>xml-to-html</emphasis></term>
7323 Server-header filter to change the Content-Type from xml to html.
7329 <term><emphasis>html-to-xml</emphasis></term>
7332 Server-header filter to change the Content-Type from html to xml.
7338 <term><emphasis>no-ping</emphasis></term>
7341 Removes the non-standard <literal>ping</literal> attribute from
7342 anchor and area HTML tags.
7348 <term><emphasis>hide-tor-exit-notation</emphasis></term>
7351 Client-header filter to remove the <command>Tor</command> exit node notation
7352 found in Host and Referer headers.
7355 If &my-app; and <command>Tor</command> are chained and &my-app;
7356 is configured to use socks4a, one can use <quote>http://www.example.org.foobar.exit/</quote>
7357 to access the host <quote>www.example.org</quote> through the
7358 <command>Tor</command> exit node <quote>foobar</quote>.
7361 As the HTTP client isn't aware of this notation, it treats the
7362 whole string <quote>www.example.org.foobar.exit</quote> as host and uses it
7363 for the <quote>Host</quote> and <quote>Referer</quote> headers. From the
7364 server's point of view the resulting headers are invalid and can cause problems.
7367 An invalid <quote>Referer</quote> header can trigger <quote>hot-linking</quote>
7368 protections, an invalid <quote>Host</quote> header will make it impossible for
7369 the server to find the right vhost (several domains hosted on the same IP address).
7372 This client-header filter removes the <quote>foo.exit</quote> part in those headers
7373 to prevent the mentioned problems. Note that it only modifies
7374 the HTTP headers, it doesn't make it impossible for the server
7375 to detect your <command>Tor</command> exit node based on the IP address
7376 the request is coming from.
7383 <term><emphasis> </emphasis></term>
7396 <!-- ~~~~~~~~ New section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
7397 <sect2 id="external-filter-syntax"><title>External filter syntax</title>
7399 External filters are scripts or programs that can modify the content in
7400 case common <literal><link linkend="filter">filters</link></literal>
7401 aren't powerful enough.
7404 External filters can be written in any language the platform &my-app; runs
7408 They are controlled with the
7409 <literal><link linkend="external-filter">external-filter</link></literal> action
7410 and have to be defined in the <literal><link linkend="filterfile">filterfile</link></literal>
7414 The header looks like any other filter, but instead of pcrs jobs, external
7415 filters contain a single job which can be a program or a shell script (which
7416 may call other scripts or programs).
7419 External filters read the content from STDIN and write the rewritten
7420 content to STDOUT. The environment variables PRIVOXY_URL, PRIVOXY_PATH,
7421 PRIVOXY_HOST, PRIVOXY_ORIGIN can be used to get some details about the
7425 &my-app; will temporary store the content to filter in the
7426 <literal><link linkend="temporary-directory">temporary-directory</link></literal>.
7430 EXTERNAL-FILTER: cat Pointless example filter that doesn't actually modify the content
7433 # Incorrect reimplementation of the filter above in POSIX shell.
7435 # Note that it's a single job that spans multiple lines, the line
7436 # breaks are not passed to the shell, thus the semicolons are required.
7438 # If the script isn't trivial, it is recommended to put it into an external file.
7440 # In general, writing external filters entirely in POSIX shell is not
7441 # considered a good idea.
7442 EXTERNAL-FILTER: cat2 Pointless example filter that despite its name may actually modify the content
7452 Currently external filters are executed with &my-app;'s privileges!
7453 Only use external filters you understand and trust.
7457 External filters are experimental and the syntax may change in the future.
7463 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
7467 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7469 <sect1 id="templates">
7470 <title>Privoxy's Template Files</title>
7472 All <application>Privoxy</application> built-in pages, i.e. error pages such as the
7473 <ulink url="http://show-the-404-error.page"><quote>404 - No Such Domain</quote>
7474 error page</ulink>, the <ulink
7475 url="http://ads.bannerserver.example.com/nasty-ads/sponsor.html"><quote>BLOCKED</quote>
7477 and all pages of its <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/">web-based
7478 user interface</ulink>, are generated from <emphasis>templates</emphasis>.
7479 (<application>Privoxy</application> must be running for the above links to work as
7484 These templates are stored in a subdirectory of the <link linkend="confdir">configuration
7485 directory</link> called <filename>templates</filename>. On Unixish platforms,
7487 <ulink url="file:///etc/privoxy/templates/"><filename>/etc/privoxy/templates/</filename></ulink>.
7491 The templates are basically normal HTML files, but with place-holders (called symbols
7492 or exports), which <application>Privoxy</application> fills at run time. It
7493 is possible to edit the templates with a normal text editor, should you want
7494 to customize them. (<emphasis>Not recommended for the casual
7495 user</emphasis>). Should you create your own custom templates, you should use
7496 the <filename>config</filename> setting <link linkend="templdir">templdir</link>
7497 to specify an alternate location, so your templates do not get overwritten
7501 Note that just like in configuration files, lines starting
7502 with <literal>#</literal> are ignored when the templates are filled in.
7506 The place-holders are of the form <literal>@name@</literal>, and you will
7507 find a list of available symbols, which vary from template to template,
7508 in the comments at the start of each file. Note that these comments are not
7509 always accurate, and that it's probably best to look at the existing HTML
7510 code to find out which symbols are supported and what they are filled in with.
7514 A special application of this substitution mechanism is to make whole
7515 blocks of HTML code disappear when a specific symbol is set. We use this
7516 for many purposes, one of them being to include the beta warning in all
7517 our user interface (CGI) pages when <application>Privoxy</application>
7518 is in an alpha or beta development stage:
7523 <!-- @if-unstable-start -->
7525 ... beta warning HTML code goes here ...
7527 <!-- if-unstable-end@ --></screen>
7531 If the "unstable" symbol is set, everything in between and including
7532 <literal>@if-unstable-start</literal> and <literal>if-unstable-end@</literal>
7533 will disappear, leaving nothing but an empty comment:
7537 <screen><!-- --></screen>
7541 There's also an if-then-else construct and an <literal>#include</literal>
7542 mechanism, but you'll sure find out if you are inclined to edit the
7547 All templates refer to a style located at
7548 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/send-stylesheet"><literal>http://config.privoxy.org/send-stylesheet</literal></ulink>.
7549 This is, of course, locally served by <application>Privoxy</application>
7550 and the source for it can be found and edited in the
7551 <filename>cgi-style.css</filename> template.
7556 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
7560 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7562 <sect1 id="contact"><title>Contacting the Developers, Bug Reporting and Feature
7565 <!-- Include contacting.sgml boilerplate: -->
7567 <!-- end boilerplate -->
7571 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
7574 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7575 <sect1 id="copyright"><title>Privoxy Copyright, License and History</title>
7577 <!-- Include copyright.sgml: -->
7579 <!-- end copyright -->
7582 <application>Privoxy</application> is free software; you can
7583 redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the
7584 <citetitle>GNU General Public License</citetitle>, version 2,
7585 as published by the Free Software Foundation and included in
7589 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7590 <sect2 id="license"><title>License</title>
7592 <screen><![ RCDATA [ &GPLv2; ]]></screen>
7596 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
7599 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7601 <sect2 id="history"><title>History</title>
7602 <!-- Include history.sgml: -->
7604 <!-- end history -->
7607 <sect2 id="authors"><title>Authors</title>
7608 <!-- Include p-authors.sgml: -->
7610 <!-- end authors -->
7615 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
7618 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7619 <sect1 id="seealso"><title>See Also</title>
7620 <!-- Include seealso.sgml: -->
7622 <!-- end seealso -->
7627 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7628 <sect1 id="appendix"><title>Appendix</title>
7631 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7633 <title>Regular Expressions</title>
7635 <application>Privoxy</application> uses Perl-style <quote>regular
7636 expressions</quote> in its <link linkend="actions-file">actions
7637 files</link> and <link linkend="filter-file">filter file</link>,
7638 through the <ulink url="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</ulink> and
7641 <ulink url="http://www.oesterhelt.org/pcrs/">PCRS</ulink> libraries.
7643 <application>PCRS</application> libraries.
7647 If you are reading this, you probably don't understand what <quote>regular
7648 expressions</quote> are, or what they can do. So this will be a very brief
7649 introduction only. A full explanation would require a <ulink
7650 url="http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/regex/">book</ulink> ;-)
7654 Regular expressions provide a language to describe patterns that can be
7655 run against strings of characters (letter, numbers, etc), to see if they
7656 match the string or not. The patterns are themselves (sometimes complex)
7657 strings of literal characters, combined with wild-cards, and other special
7658 characters, called meta-characters. The <quote>meta-characters</quote> have
7659 special meanings and are used to build complex patterns to be matched against.
7660 Perl Compatible Regular Expressions are an especially convenient
7661 <quote>dialect</quote> of the regular expression language.
7665 To make a simple analogy, we do something similar when we use wild-card
7666 characters when listing files with the <command>dir</command> command in DOS.
7667 <literal>*.*</literal> matches all filenames. The <quote>special</quote>
7668 character here is the asterisk which matches any and all characters. We can be
7669 more specific and use <literal>?</literal> to match just individual
7670 characters. So <quote>dir file?.text</quote> would match
7671 <quote>file1.txt</quote>, <quote>file2.txt</quote>, etc. We are pattern
7672 matching, using a similar technique to <quote>regular expressions</quote>!
7676 Regular expressions do essentially the same thing, but are much, much more
7677 powerful. There are many more <quote>special characters</quote> and ways of
7678 building complex patterns however. Let's look at a few of the common ones,
7679 and then some examples:
7684 <emphasis>.</emphasis> - Matches any single character, e.g. <quote>a</quote>,
7685 <quote>A</quote>, <quote>4</quote>, <quote>:</quote>, or <quote>@</quote>.
7687 </simplelist></para>
7691 <emphasis>?</emphasis> - The preceding character or expression is matched ZERO or ONE
7694 </simplelist></para>
7698 <emphasis>+</emphasis> - The preceding character or expression is matched ONE or MORE
7701 </simplelist></para>
7705 <emphasis>*</emphasis> - The preceding character or expression is matched ZERO or MORE
7708 </simplelist></para>
7712 <emphasis>\</emphasis> - The <quote>escape</quote> character denotes that
7713 the following character should be taken literally. This is used where one of the
7714 special characters (e.g. <quote>.</quote>) needs to be taken literally and
7715 not as a special meta-character. Example: <quote>example\.com</quote>, makes
7716 sure the period is recognized only as a period (and not expanded to its
7717 meta-character meaning of any single character).
7719 </simplelist></para>
7723 <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> - Characters enclosed in brackets will be matched if
7724 any of the enclosed characters are encountered. For instance, <quote>[0-9]</quote>
7725 matches any numeric digit (zero through nine). As an example, we can combine
7726 this with <quote>+</quote> to match any digit one of more times: <quote>[0-9]+</quote>.
7728 </simplelist></para>
7732 <emphasis>( )</emphasis> - parentheses are used to group a sub-expression,
7733 or multiple sub-expressions.
7735 </simplelist></para>
7739 <emphasis>|</emphasis> - The <quote>bar</quote> character works like an
7740 <quote>or</quote> conditional statement. A match is successful if the
7741 sub-expression on either side of <quote>|</quote> matches. As an example:
7742 <quote>/(this|that) example/</quote> uses grouping and the bar character
7743 and would match either <quote>this example</quote> or <quote>that
7744 example</quote>, and nothing else.
7746 </simplelist></para>
7749 These are just some of the ones you are likely to use when matching URLs with
7750 <application>Privoxy</application>, and is a long way from a definitive
7751 list. This is enough to get us started with a few simple examples which may
7752 be more illuminating:
7756 <emphasis><literal>/.*/banners/.*</literal></emphasis> - A simple example
7757 that uses the common combination of <quote>.</quote> and <quote>*</quote> to
7758 denote any character, zero or more times. In other words, any string at all.
7759 So we start with a literal forward slash, then our regular expression pattern
7760 (<quote>.*</quote>) another literal forward slash, the string
7761 <quote>banners</quote>, another forward slash, and lastly another
7762 <quote>.*</quote>. We are building
7763 a directory path here. This will match any file with the path that has a
7764 directory named <quote>banners</quote> in it. The <quote>.*</quote> matches
7765 any characters, and this could conceivably be more forward slashes, so it
7766 might expand into a much longer looking path. For example, this could match:
7767 <quote>/eye/hate/spammers/banners/annoy_me_please.gif</quote>, or just
7768 <quote>/banners/annoying.html</quote>, or almost an infinite number of other
7769 possible combinations, just so it has <quote>banners</quote> in the path
7774 And now something a little more complex:
7778 <emphasis><literal>/.*/adv((er)?ts?|ertis(ing|ements?))?/</literal></emphasis> -
7779 We have several literal forward slashes again (<quote>/</quote>), so we are
7780 building another expression that is a file path statement. We have another
7781 <quote>.*</quote>, so we are matching against any conceivable sub-path, just so
7782 it matches our expression. The only true literal that <emphasis>must
7783 match</emphasis> our pattern is <application>adv</application>, together with
7784 the forward slashes. What comes after the <quote>adv</quote> string is the
7789 Remember the <quote>?</quote> means the preceding expression (either a
7790 literal character or anything grouped with <quote>(...)</quote> in this case)
7791 can exist or not, since this means either zero or one match. So
7792 <quote>((er)?ts?|ertis(ing|ements?))</quote> is optional, as are the
7793 individual sub-expressions: <quote>(er)</quote>,
7794 <quote>(ing|ements?)</quote>, and the <quote>s</quote>. The <quote>|</quote>
7795 means <quote>or</quote>. We have two of those. For instance,
7796 <quote>(ing|ements?)</quote>, can expand to match either <quote>ing</quote>
7797 <emphasis>OR</emphasis> <quote>ements?</quote>. What is being done here, is an
7798 attempt at matching as many variations of <quote>advertisement</quote>, and
7799 similar, as possible. So this would expand to match just <quote>adv</quote>,
7800 or <quote>advert</quote>, or <quote>adverts</quote>, or
7801 <quote>advertising</quote>, or <quote>advertisement</quote>, or
7802 <quote>advertisements</quote>. You get the idea. But it would not match
7803 <quote>advertizements</quote> (with a <quote>z</quote>). We could fix that by
7804 changing our regular expression to:
7805 <quote>/.*/adv((er)?ts?|erti(s|z)(ing|ements?))?/</quote>, which would then match
7810 <emphasis><literal>/.*/advert[0-9]+\.(gif|jpe?g)</literal></emphasis> - Again
7811 another path statement with forward slashes. Anything in the square brackets
7812 <quote>[ ]</quote> can be matched. This is using <quote>0-9</quote> as a
7813 shorthand expression to mean any digit one through nine. It is the same as
7814 saying <quote>0123456789</quote>. So any digit matches. The <quote>+</quote>
7815 means one or more of the preceding expression must be included. The preceding
7816 expression here is what is in the square brackets -- in this case, any digit
7817 one through nine. Then, at the end, we have a grouping: <quote>(gif|jpe?g)</quote>.
7818 This includes a <quote>|</quote>, so this needs to match the expression on
7819 either side of that bar character also. A simple <quote>gif</quote> on one side, and the other
7820 side will in turn match either <quote>jpeg</quote> or <quote>jpg</quote>,
7821 since the <quote>?</quote> means the letter <quote>e</quote> is optional and
7822 can be matched once or not at all. So we are building an expression here to
7823 match image GIF or JPEG type image file. It must include the literal
7824 string <quote>advert</quote>, then one or more digits, and a <quote>.</quote>
7825 (which is now a literal, and not a special character, since it is escaped
7826 with <quote>\</quote>), and lastly either <quote>gif</quote>, or
7827 <quote>jpeg</quote>, or <quote>jpg</quote>. Some possible matches would
7828 include: <quote>//advert1.jpg</quote>,
7829 <quote>/nasty/ads/advert1234.gif</quote>,
7830 <quote>/banners/from/hell/advert99.jpg</quote>. It would not match
7831 <quote>advert1.gif</quote> (no leading slash), or
7832 <quote>/adverts232.jpg</quote> (the expression does not include an
7833 <quote>s</quote>), or <quote>/advert1.jsp</quote> (<quote>jsp</quote> is not
7834 in the expression anywhere).
7838 We are barely scratching the surface of regular expressions here so that you
7839 can understand the default <application>Privoxy</application>
7840 configuration files, and maybe use this knowledge to customize your own
7841 installation. There is much, much more that can be done with regular
7842 expressions. Now that you know enough to get started, you can learn more on
7847 More reading on Perl Compatible Regular expressions:
7848 <ulink url="http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html">http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html</ulink>
7852 For information on regular expression based substitutions and their applications
7853 in filters, please see the <link linkend="filter-file">filter file tutorial</link>
7858 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
7861 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7863 <title>Privoxy's Internal Pages</title>
7866 Since <application>Privoxy</application> proxies each requested
7867 web page, it is easy for <application>Privoxy</application> to
7868 trap certain special URLs. In this way, we can talk directly to
7869 <application>Privoxy</application>, and see how it is
7870 configured, see how our rules are being applied, change these
7871 rules and other configuration options, and even turn
7872 <application>Privoxy's</application> filtering off, all with
7878 The URLs listed below are the special ones that allow direct access
7879 to <application>Privoxy</application>. Of course,
7880 <application>Privoxy</application> must be running to access these. If
7881 not, you will get a friendly error message. Internet access is not
7894 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/">http://config.privoxy.org/</ulink>
7898 There is a shortcut: <ulink url="http://p.p/">http://p.p/</ulink> (But it
7899 doesn't provide a fall-back to a real page, in case the request is not
7900 sent through <application>Privoxy</application>)
7906 Show information about the current configuration, including viewing and
7907 editing of actions files:
7911 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</ulink>
7918 Show the source code version numbers:
7922 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-version">http://config.privoxy.org/show-version</ulink>
7929 Show the browser's request headers:
7933 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-request">http://config.privoxy.org/show-request</ulink>
7940 Show which actions apply to a URL and why:
7944 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info">http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info</ulink>
7951 Toggle Privoxy on or off. This feature can be turned off/on in the main
7952 <filename>config</filename> file. When toggled <quote>off</quote>, <quote>Privoxy</quote>
7953 continues to run, but only as a pass-through proxy, with no actions taking
7958 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/toggle">http://config.privoxy.org/toggle</ulink>
7962 Short cuts. Turn off, then on:
7966 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/toggle?set=disable">http://config.privoxy.org/toggle?set=disable</ulink>
7971 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/toggle?set=enable">http://config.privoxy.org/toggle?set=enable</ulink>
7980 These may be bookmarked for quick reference. See next.
7984 <sect3 id="bookmarklets">
7985 <title>Bookmarklets</title>
7987 Below are some <quote>bookmarklets</quote> to allow you to easily access a
7988 <quote>mini</quote> version of some of <application>Privoxy's</application>
7989 special pages. They are designed for MS Internet Explorer, but should work
7990 equally well in Netscape, Mozilla, and other browsers which support
7991 JavaScript. They are designed to run directly from your bookmarks - not by
7992 clicking the links below (although that should work for testing).
7995 To save them, right-click the link and choose <quote>Add to Favorites</quote>
7996 (IE) or <quote>Add Bookmark</quote> (Netscape). You will get a warning that
7997 the bookmark <quote>may not be safe</quote> - just click OK. Then you can run the
7998 Bookmarklet directly from your favorites/bookmarks. For even faster access,
7999 you can put them on the <quote>Links</quote> bar (IE) or the <quote>Personal
8000 Toolbar</quote> (Netscape), and run them with a single click.
8009 url="javascript:void(window.open('http://config.privoxy.org/toggle?mini=y&set=enabled','ijbstatus','width=250,height=100,resizable=yes,scrollbars=no,toolbar=no,location=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,copyhistory=no').focus());">Privoxy - Enable</ulink>
8016 url="javascript:void(window.open('http://config.privoxy.org/toggle?mini=y&set=disabled','ijbstatus','width=250,height=100,resizable=yes,scrollbars=no,toolbar=no,location=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,copyhistory=no').focus());">Privoxy - Disable</ulink>
8023 url="javascript:void(window.open('http://config.privoxy.org/toggle?mini=y&set=toggle','ijbstatus','width=250,height=100,resizable=yes,scrollbars=no,toolbar=no,location=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,copyhistory=no').focus());">Privoxy - Toggle Privoxy</ulink> (Toggles between enabled and disabled)
8030 url="javascript:void(window.open('http://config.privoxy.org/toggle?mini=y','ijbstatus','width=250,height=2,resizable=yes,scrollbars=no,toolbar=no,location=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,copyhistory=no').focus());">Privoxy- View Status</ulink>
8036 <ulink url="javascript:w=Math.floor(screen.width/2);h=Math.floor(screen.height*0.9);void(window.open('http://www.privoxy.org/actions/index.php?url='+escape(location.href),'Feedback','screenx='+w+',width='+w+',height='+h+',scrollbars=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,copyhistory=no').focus());">Privoxy - Submit Actions File Feedback</ulink>
8042 <ulink url="javascript:void(window.open('http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info?url='+escape(location.href),'Why').focus());">Privoxy - Why?</ulink>
8049 Credit: The site which gave us the general idea for these bookmarklets is
8050 <ulink url="http://www.bookmarklets.com/">www.bookmarklets.com</ulink>. They
8051 have more information about bookmarklets.
8060 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
8062 <title>Chain of Events</title>
8064 Let's take a quick look at how some of <application>Privoxy's</application>
8065 core features are triggered, and the ensuing sequence of events when a web
8066 page is requested by your browser:
8073 First, your web browser requests a web page. The browser knows to send
8074 the request to <application>Privoxy</application>, which will in turn,
8075 relay the request to the remote web server after passing the following
8081 <application>Privoxy</application> traps any request for its own internal CGI
8082 pages (e.g <ulink url="http://p.p/">http://p.p/</ulink>) and sends the CGI page back to the browser.
8087 Next, <application>Privoxy</application> checks to see if the URL
8089 linkend="BLOCK"><quote>+block</quote></link> patterns. If
8090 so, the URL is then blocked, and the remote web server will not be contacted.
8091 <link linkend="HANDLE-AS-IMAGE"><quote>+handle-as-image</quote></link>
8093 <link linkend="HANDLE-AS-EMPTY-DOCUMENT"><quote>+handle-as-empty-document</quote></link>
8094 are then checked, and if there is no match, an
8095 HTML <quote>BLOCKED</quote> page is sent back to the browser. Otherwise, if
8096 it does match, an image is returned for the former, and an empty text
8097 document for the latter. The type of image would depend on the setting of
8098 <link linkend="SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER"><quote>+set-image-blocker</quote></link>
8099 (blank, checkerboard pattern, or an HTTP redirect to an image elsewhere).
8104 Untrusted URLs are blocked. If URLs are being added to the
8105 <filename>trust</filename> file, then that is done.
8110 If the URL pattern matches the <link
8111 linkend="FAST-REDIRECTS"><quote>+fast-redirects</quote></link> action,
8112 it is then processed. Unwanted parts of the requested URL are stripped.
8117 Now the rest of the client browser's request headers are processed. If any
8118 of these match any of the relevant actions (e.g. <link
8119 linkend="HIDE-USER-AGENT"><quote>+hide-user-agent</quote></link>,
8120 etc.), headers are suppressed or forged as determined by these actions and
8126 Now the web server starts sending its response back (i.e. typically a web
8132 First, the server headers are read and processed to determine, among other
8133 things, the MIME type (document type) and encoding. The headers are then
8134 filtered as determined by the
8135 <link linkend="CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES"><quote>+crunch-incoming-cookies</quote></link>,
8136 <link linkend="SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY"><quote>+session-cookies-only</quote></link>,
8137 and <link linkend="DOWNGRADE-HTTP-VERSION"><quote>+downgrade-http-version</quote></link>
8143 If any <link linkend="FILTER"><quote>+filter</quote></link> action
8145 linkend="DEANIMATE-GIFS"><quote>+deanimate-gifs</quote></link>
8146 action applies (and the document type fits the action), the rest of the page is
8147 read into memory (up to a configurable limit). Then the filter rules (from
8148 <filename>default.filter</filename> and any other filter files) are
8149 processed against the buffered content. Filters are applied in the order
8150 they are specified in one of the filter files. Animated GIFs, if present,
8151 are reduced to either the first or last frame, depending on the action
8152 setting.The entire page, which is now filtered, is then sent by
8153 <application>Privoxy</application> back to your browser.
8156 If neither a <link linkend="FILTER"><quote>+filter</quote></link> action
8158 linkend="DEANIMATE-GIFS"><quote>+deanimate-gifs</quote></link>
8159 matches, then <application>Privoxy</application> passes the raw data through
8160 to the client browser as it becomes available.
8165 As the browser receives the now (possibly filtered) page content, it
8166 reads and then requests any URLs that may be embedded within the page
8167 source, e.g. ad images, stylesheets, JavaScript, other HTML documents (e.g.
8168 frames), sounds, etc. For each of these objects, the browser issues a
8169 separate request (this is easily viewable in <application>Privoxy's</application>
8170 logs). And each such request is in turn processed just as above. Note that a
8171 complex web page will have many, many such embedded URLs. If these
8172 secondary requests are to a different server, then quite possibly a very
8173 differing set of actions is triggered.
8180 NOTE: This is somewhat of a simplistic overview of what happens with each URL
8181 request. For the sake of brevity and simplicity, we have focused on
8182 <application>Privoxy's</application> core features only.
8188 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
8189 <sect2 id="actionsanat">
8190 <title>Troubleshooting: Anatomy of an Action</title>
8193 The way <application>Privoxy</application> applies
8194 <link linkend="ACTIONS">actions</link> and <link linkend="FILTER">filters</link>
8195 to any given URL can be complex, and not always so
8196 easy to understand what is happening. And sometimes we need to be able to
8197 <emphasis>see</emphasis> just what <application>Privoxy</application> is
8198 doing. Especially, if something <application>Privoxy</application> is doing
8199 is causing us a problem inadvertently. It can be a little daunting to look at
8200 the actions and filters files themselves, since they tend to be filled with
8201 <link linkend="regex">regular expressions</link> whose consequences are not
8206 One quick test to see if <application>Privoxy</application> is causing a problem
8207 or not, is to disable it temporarily. This should be the first troubleshooting
8208 step. See <link linkend="bookmarklets">the Bookmarklets</link> section on a quick
8209 and easy way to do this (be sure to flush caches afterward!). Looking at the
8210 logs is a good idea too. (Note that both the toggle feature and logging are
8211 enabled via <filename>config</filename> file settings, and may need to be
8212 turned <quote>on</quote>.)
8215 Another easy troubleshooting step to try is if you have done any
8216 customization of your installation, revert back to the installed
8217 defaults and see if that helps. There are times the developers get complaints
8218 about one thing or another, and the problem is more related to a customized
8219 configuration issue.
8223 <application>Privoxy</application> also provides the
8224 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info">http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info</ulink>
8225 page that can show us very specifically how <application>actions</application>
8226 are being applied to any given URL. This is a big help for troubleshooting.
8230 First, enter one URL (or partial URL) at the prompt, and then
8231 <application>Privoxy</application> will tell us
8232 how the current configuration will handle it. This will not
8233 help with filtering effects (i.e. the <link
8234 linkend="FILTER"><quote>+filter</quote></link> action) from
8235 one of the filter files since this is handled very
8236 differently and not so easy to trap! It also will not tell you about any other
8237 URLs that may be embedded within the URL you are testing. For instance, images
8238 such as ads are expressed as URLs within the raw page source of HTML pages. So
8239 you will only get info for the actual URL that is pasted into the prompt area
8240 -- not any sub-URLs. If you want to know about embedded URLs like ads, you
8241 will have to dig those out of the HTML source. Use your browser's <quote>View
8242 Page Source</quote> option for this. Or right click on the ad, and grab the
8247 Let's try an example, <ulink url="http://google.com">google.com</ulink>,
8248 and look at it one section at a time in a sample configuration (your real
8249 configuration may vary):
8254 Matches for http://www.google.com:
8256 In file: default.action <guibutton>[ View ]</guibutton> <guibutton>[ Edit ]</guibutton>
8258 {+change-x-forwarded-for{block}
8259 +deanimate-gifs {last}
8260 +fast-redirects {check-decoded-url}
8261 +filter {refresh-tags}
8262 +filter {img-reorder}
8263 +filter {banners-by-size}
8265 +filter {jumping-windows}
8266 +filter {ie-exploits}
8267 +hide-from-header {block}
8268 +hide-referrer {forge}
8269 +session-cookies-only
8270 +set-image-blocker {pattern}
8273 { -session-cookies-only }
8279 In file: user.action <guibutton>[ View ]</guibutton> <guibutton>[ Edit ]</guibutton>
8280 (no matches in this file)
8285 This is telling us how we have defined our
8286 <link linkend="ACTIONS"><quote>actions</quote></link>, and
8287 which ones match for our test case, <quote>google.com</quote>.
8288 Displayed is all the actions that are available to us. Remember,
8289 the <literal>+</literal> sign denotes <quote>on</quote>. <literal>-</literal>
8290 denotes <quote>off</quote>. So some are <quote>on</quote> here, but many
8291 are <quote>off</quote>. Each example we try may provide a slightly different
8292 end result, depending on our configuration directives.
8296 is for our <filename>default.action</filename> file. The large, multi-line
8297 listing, is how the actions are set to match for all URLs, i.e. our default
8298 settings. If you look at your <quote>actions</quote> file, this would be the
8299 section just below the <quote>aliases</quote> section near the top. This
8300 will apply to all URLs as signified by the single forward slash at the end
8301 of the listing -- <quote> / </quote>.
8305 But we have defined additional actions that would be exceptions to these general
8306 rules, and then we list specific URLs (or patterns) that these exceptions
8307 would apply to. Last match wins. Just below this then are two explicit
8308 matches for <quote>.google.com</quote>. The first is negating our previous
8309 cookie setting, which was for <link
8310 linkend="SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY"><quote>+session-cookies-only</quote></link>
8311 (i.e. not persistent). So we will allow persistent cookies for google, at
8312 least that is how it is in this example. The second turns
8313 <emphasis>off</emphasis> any <link
8314 linkend="FAST-REDIRECTS"><quote>+fast-redirects</quote></link>
8315 action, allowing this to take place unmolested. Note that there is a leading
8316 dot here -- <quote>.google.com</quote>. This will match any hosts and
8317 sub-domains, in the google.com domain also, such as
8318 <quote>www.google.com</quote> or <quote>mail.google.com</quote>. But it would not
8319 match <quote>www.google.de</quote>! So, apparently, we have these two actions
8320 defined as exceptions to the general rules at the top somewhere in the lower
8321 part of our <filename>default.action</filename> file, and
8322 <quote>google.com</quote> is referenced somewhere in these latter sections.
8326 Then, for our <filename>user.action</filename> file, we again have no hits.
8327 So there is nothing google-specific that we might have added to our own, local
8328 configuration. If there was, those actions would over-rule any actions from
8329 previously processed files, such as <filename>default.action</filename>.
8330 <filename>user.action</filename> typically has the last word. This is the
8331 best place to put hard and fast exceptions,
8335 And finally we pull it all together in the bottom section and summarize how
8336 <application>Privoxy</application> is applying all its <quote>actions</quote>
8337 to <quote>google.com</quote>:
8348 +change-x-forwarded-for{block}
8349 -client-header-filter{hide-tor-exit-notation}
8350 -content-type-overwrite
8351 -crunch-client-header
8352 -crunch-if-none-match
8353 -crunch-incoming-cookies
8354 -crunch-outgoing-cookies
8355 -crunch-server-header
8356 +deanimate-gifs {last}
8357 -downgrade-http-version
8360 -filter {content-cookies}
8361 -filter {all-popups}
8362 -filter {banners-by-link}
8363 -filter {tiny-textforms}
8364 -filter {frameset-borders}
8365 -filter {demoronizer}
8366 -filter {shockwave-flash}
8367 -filter {quicktime-kioskmode}
8369 -filter {crude-parental}
8370 -filter {site-specifics}
8371 -filter {js-annoyances}
8372 -filter {html-annoyances}
8373 +filter {refresh-tags}
8374 -filter {unsolicited-popups}
8375 +filter {img-reorder}
8376 +filter {banners-by-size}
8378 +filter {jumping-windows}
8379 +filter {ie-exploits}
8386 -handle-as-empty-document
8388 -hide-accept-language
8389 -hide-content-disposition
8390 +hide-from-header {block}
8391 -hide-if-modified-since
8392 +hide-referrer {forge}
8395 -overwrite-last-modified
8396 -prevent-compression
8398 -server-header-filter{xml-to-html}
8399 -server-header-filter{html-to-xml}
8400 -session-cookies-only
8401 +set-image-blocker {pattern} </screen>
8405 Notice the only difference here to the previous listing, is to
8406 <quote>fast-redirects</quote> and <quote>session-cookies-only</quote>,
8407 which are activated specifically for this site in our configuration,
8408 and thus show in the <quote>Final Results</quote>.
8412 Now another example, <quote>ad.doubleclick.net</quote>:
8418 { +block{Domains starts with "ad"} }
8421 { +block{Domain contains "ad"} }
8424 { +block{Doubleclick banner server} +handle-as-image }
8425 .[a-vx-z]*.doubleclick.net
8430 We'll just show the interesting part here - the explicit matches. It is
8431 matched three different times. Two <quote>+block{}</quote> sections,
8432 and a <quote>+block{} +handle-as-image</quote>,
8433 which is the expanded form of one of our aliases that had been defined as:
8434 <quote>+block-as-image</quote>. (<link
8435 linkend="ALIASES"><quote>Aliases</quote></link> are defined in
8436 the first section of the actions file and typically used to combine more
8441 Any one of these would have done the trick and blocked this as an unwanted
8442 image. This is unnecessarily redundant since the last case effectively
8443 would also cover the first. No point in taking chances with these guys
8444 though ;-) Note that if you want an ad or obnoxious
8445 URL to be invisible, it should be defined as <quote>ad.doubleclick.net</quote>
8446 is done here -- as both a <link
8447 linkend="BLOCK"><quote>+block{}</quote></link>
8448 <emphasis>and</emphasis> an
8449 <link linkend="HANDLE-AS-IMAGE"><quote>+handle-as-image</quote></link>.
8450 The custom alias <quote><literal>+block-as-image</literal></quote> just
8451 simplifies the process and make it more readable.
8455 One last example. Let's try <quote>http://www.example.net/adsl/HOWTO/</quote>.
8456 This one is giving us problems. We are getting a blank page. Hmmm ...
8462 Matches for http://www.example.net/adsl/HOWTO/:
8464 In file: default.action <guibutton>[ View ]</guibutton> <guibutton>[ Edit ]</guibutton>
8468 +change-x-forwarded-for{block}
8469 -client-header-filter{hide-tor-exit-notation}
8470 -content-type-overwrite
8471 -crunch-client-header
8472 -crunch-if-none-match
8473 -crunch-incoming-cookies
8474 -crunch-outgoing-cookies
8475 -crunch-server-header
8477 -downgrade-http-version
8478 +fast-redirects {check-decoded-url}
8480 -filter {content-cookies}
8481 -filter {all-popups}
8482 -filter {banners-by-link}
8483 -filter {tiny-textforms}
8484 -filter {frameset-borders}
8485 -filter {demoronizer}
8486 -filter {shockwave-flash}
8487 -filter {quicktime-kioskmode}
8489 -filter {crude-parental}
8490 -filter {site-specifics}
8491 -filter {js-annoyances}
8492 -filter {html-annoyances}
8493 +filter {refresh-tags}
8494 -filter {unsolicited-popups}
8495 +filter {img-reorder}
8496 +filter {banners-by-size}
8498 +filter {jumping-windows}
8499 +filter {ie-exploits}
8506 -handle-as-empty-document
8508 -hide-accept-language
8509 -hide-content-disposition
8510 +hide-from-header{block}
8511 +hide-referer{forge}
8513 -overwrite-last-modified
8514 +prevent-compression
8516 -server-header-filter{xml-to-html}
8517 -server-header-filter{html-to-xml}
8518 +session-cookies-only
8519 +set-image-blocker{blank} }
8522 { +block{Path contains "ads".} +handle-as-image }
8528 Ooops, the <quote>/adsl/</quote> is matching <quote>/ads</quote> in our
8529 configuration! But we did not want this at all! Now we see why we get the
8530 blank page. It is actually triggering two different actions here, and
8531 the effects are aggregated so that the URL is blocked, and &my-app; is told
8532 to treat the block as if it were an image. But this is, of course, all wrong.
8533 We could now add a new action below this (or better in our own
8534 <filename>user.action</filename> file) that explicitly
8535 <emphasis>un</emphasis> blocks (
8536 <link linkend="BLOCK"><quote>{-block}</quote></link>) paths with
8537 <quote>adsl</quote> in them (remember, last match in the configuration
8538 wins). There are various ways to handle such exceptions. Example:
8550 Now the page displays ;-)
8551 Remember to flush your browser's caches when making these kinds of changes to
8552 your configuration to insure that you get a freshly delivered page! Or, try
8553 using <literal>Shift+Reload</literal>.
8557 But now what about a situation where we get no explicit matches like
8564 { +block{Path starts with "ads".} +handle-as-image }
8570 That actually was very helpful and pointed us quickly to where the problem
8571 was. If you don't get this kind of match, then it means one of the default
8572 rules in the first section of <filename>default.action</filename> is causing
8573 the problem. This would require some guesswork, and maybe a little trial and
8574 error to isolate the offending rule. One likely cause would be one of the
8575 <link linkend="FILTER"><quote>+filter</quote></link> actions.
8576 These tend to be harder to troubleshoot.
8577 Try adding the URL for the site to one of aliases that turn off
8578 <link linkend="FILTER"><quote>+filter</quote></link>:
8586 .worldpay.com # for quietpc.com
8594 <quote><literal>{ shop }</literal></quote> is an <quote>alias</quote> that expands to
8595 <quote><literal>{ -filter -session-cookies-only }</literal></quote>.
8596 Or you could do your own exception to negate filtering:
8604 # Disable ALL filter actions for sites in this section
8612 This would turn off all filtering for these sites. This is best
8613 put in <filename>user.action</filename>, for local site
8614 exceptions. Note that when a simple domain pattern is used by itself (without
8615 the subsequent path portion), all sub-pages within that domain are included
8616 automatically in the scope of the action.
8620 Images that are inexplicably being blocked, may well be hitting the
8621 <link linkend="FILTER-BANNERS-BY-SIZE"><quote>+filter{banners-by-size}</quote></link>
8623 that images of certain sizes are ad banners (works well
8624 <emphasis>most of the time</emphasis> since these tend to be standardized).
8628 <quote><literal>{ fragile }</literal></quote> is an alias that disables most
8629 actions that are the most likely to cause trouble. This can be used as a
8630 last resort for problem sites.
8636 # Handle with care: easy to break
8638 mybank.example.com</screen>
8643 <emphasis>Remember to flush caches!</emphasis> Note that the
8644 <literal>mail.google</literal> reference lacks the TLD portion (e.g.
8645 <quote>.com</quote>). This will effectively match any TLD with
8646 <literal>google</literal> in it, such as <literal>mail.google.de.</literal>,
8650 If this still does not work, you will have to go through the remaining
8651 actions one by one to find which one(s) is causing the problem.
8660 This program is free software; you can redistribute it
8661 and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
8662 Public License as published by the Free Software
8663 Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
8664 your option) any later version.
8666 This program is distributed in the hope that it will
8667 be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
8668 implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
8669 PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
8670 License for more details.
8672 The GNU General Public License should be included with
8673 this file. If not, you can view it at
8674 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
8675 or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
8676 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,