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16 <!entity p-version "3.0.29">
17 <!entity p-status "UNRELEASED">
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19 <!entity % p-not-stable "INCLUDE">
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26 <!entity % p-supp-userman "IGNORE"> <!-- Omit some from supported.sgml -->
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30 <!entity my-app "<application>Privoxy</application>">
33 File : doc/source/user-manual.sgml
37 Copyright (C) 2001-2019 Privoxy Developers https://www.privoxy.org/
40 ========================================================================
41 NOTE: Please read developer-manual/documentation.html before touching
42 anything in this, or other Privoxy documentation.
43 ========================================================================
50 <title>Privoxy &p-version; User Manual</title>
54 <!-- Completely the wrong markup, but very little is allowed -->
55 <!-- in this part of an article. FIXME -->
56 <link linkend="copyright">Copyright</link> &my-copy; 2001-2019 by
57 <ulink url="https://www.privoxy.org/">Privoxy Developers</ulink>
63 Note: the following should generate a separate page, and a live link to it,
64 all nicely done. But it doesn't for some mysterious reason. Please leave
65 commented unless it can be fixed proper. For the time being, the
66 copyright/license declarations will be in their own sgml.
79 This is here to keep vim syntax file from breaking :/
80 If I knew enough to fix it, I would.
81 PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE! HB: hal@foobox.net
87 The <citetitle>Privoxy User Manual</citetitle> gives users information on how to
88 install, configure and use <ulink
89 url="https://www.privoxy.org/">Privoxy</ulink>.
92 <!-- Include privoxy.sgml boilerplate: -->
94 <!-- end privoxy.sgml -->
97 You can find the latest version of the <citetitle>Privoxy User Manual</citetitle> at <ulink
98 url="https://www.privoxy.org/user-manual/">https://www.privoxy.org/user-manual/</ulink>.
99 Please see the <link linkend="contact">Contact section</link> on how to
100 contact the developers.
107 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
108 <sect1 label="1" id="introduction"><title>Introduction</title>
110 This documentation is included with the current &p-status; version of
111 <application>Privoxy</application>, &p-version;<![%p-not-stable;[,
112 and is mostly complete at this point. The most up to date reference for the
113 time being is still the comments in the source files and in the individual
114 configuration files. Development of a new version is currently nearing
115 completion, and includes significant changes and enhancements over
119 <!-- include only in non-stable versions -->
122 Since this is a &p-status; version, not all new features are well tested. This
123 documentation may be slightly out of sync as a result (especially with
124 <ulink url="https://www.privoxy.org/gitweb/?p=privoxy.git;a=summary">git sources</ulink>).
125 And there <emphasis>may be</emphasis> bugs, though hopefully
130 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
131 <sect2 id="features"><title>Features</title>
133 In addition to the core
134 features of ad blocking and
135 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_cookie">cookie</ulink> management,
136 <application>Privoxy</application> provides many supplemental
137 features<![%p-not-stable;[, some of them currently under development]]>,
138 that give the end-user more control, more privacy and more freedom:
140 <!-- Include newfeatures.sgml boilerplate here: -->
142 <!-- end boilerplate -->
147 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
150 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
151 <sect1 id="installation"><title>Installation</title>
154 <application>Privoxy</application> is available both in convenient pre-compiled
155 packages for a wide range of operating systems, and as raw source code.
156 For most users, we recommend using the packages, which can be downloaded from our
157 <ulink url="https://sourceforge.net/projects/ijbswa/">Privoxy Project
163 On some platforms, the installer may remove previously installed versions, if
164 found. (See below for your platform). In any case <emphasis>be sure to backup
165 your old configuration if it is valuable to you.</emphasis> See the <link
166 linkend="upgradersnote">note to upgraders</link> section below.
169 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
170 <sect2 id="installation-packages"><title>Binary Packages</title>
172 How to install the binary packages depends on your operating system:
175 <!-- XXX: The installation sections should be sorted -->
177 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
178 <sect3 id="installation-deb"><title>Debian and Ubuntu</title>
180 DEBs can be installed with <literal>apt-get install privoxy</literal>,
181 and will use <filename>/etc/privoxy</filename> for the location of
186 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
187 <sect3 id="installation-pack-win"><title>Windows</title>
190 Just double-click the installer, which will guide you through
191 the installation process. You will find the configuration files
192 in the same directory as you installed <application>Privoxy</application> in.
195 Version 3.0.5 beta introduced full <application>Windows</application> service
196 functionality. On Windows only, the <application>Privoxy</application>
197 program has two new command line arguments to install and uninstall
198 <application>Privoxy</application> as a <emphasis>service</emphasis>.
202 <term>Arguments:</term>
205 <replaceable class="parameter">--install</replaceable>[:<replaceable class="parameter">service_name</replaceable>]
208 <replaceable class="parameter">--uninstall</replaceable>[:<replaceable class="parameter">service_name</replaceable>]
214 After invoking <application>Privoxy</application> with
215 <command>--install</command>, you will need to bring up the
216 <application>Windows</application> service console to assign the user you
217 want <application>Privoxy</application> to run under, and whether or not you
218 want it to run whenever the system starts. You can start the
219 <application>Windows</application> services console with the following
220 command: <command>services.msc</command>. If you do not take the manual step
221 of modifying <application>Privoxy's</application> service settings, it will
222 not start. Note too that you will need to give Privoxy a user account that
223 actually exists, or it will not be permitted to
224 write to its log and configuration files.
229 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
230 <sect3 id="installation-os2"><title>OS/2</title>
233 First, make sure that no previous installations of
234 <application>Junkbuster</application> and / or
235 <application>Privoxy</application> are left on your
236 system. Check that no <application>Junkbuster</application>
237 or <application>Privoxy</application> objects are in
242 Then, just double-click the WarpIN self-installing archive, which will
243 guide you through the installation process. A shadow of the
244 <application>Privoxy</application> executable will be placed in your
245 startup folder so it will start automatically whenever OS/2 starts.
249 The directory you choose to install <application>Privoxy</application>
250 into will contain all of the configuration files.
254 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
255 <sect3 id="installation-mac"><title>Mac OS X</title>
257 Installation instructions for the OS X platform depend upon whether
258 you downloaded a ready-built installation package (.pkg or .mpkg) or have
259 downloaded the source code.
262 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="OS-X-install-from-package">
263 <title>Installation from ready-built package</title>
265 The downloaded file will either be a .pkg (for OS X 10.5 upwards) or a bzipped
266 .mpkg file (for OS X 10.4). The former can be double-clicked as is and the
267 installation will start; double-clicking the latter will unzip the .mpkg file
268 which can then be double-clicked to commence the installation.
271 The privoxy service will automatically start after a successful installation
272 (and thereafter every time your computer starts up) however you will need to
273 configure your web browser(s) to use it. To do so, configure them to use a
274 proxy for HTTP and HTTPS at the address 127.0.0.1:8118.
277 To prevent the privoxy service from automatically starting when your computer
278 starts up, remove or rename the file <literal>/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.ijbswa.privoxy.plist</literal>
279 (on OS X 10.5 and higher) or the folder named
280 <literal>/Library/StartupItems/Privoxy</literal> (on OS X 10.4 'Tiger').
283 To manually start or stop the privoxy service, use the scripts startPrivoxy.sh
284 and stopPrivoxy.sh supplied in /Applications/Privoxy. They must be run from an
285 administrator account, using sudo.
288 To uninstall, run /Applications/Privoxy/uninstall.command as sudo from an
289 administrator account.
292 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="OS-X-install-from-source">
293 <title>Installation from source</title>
295 To build and install the Privoxy source code on OS X you will need to obtain
296 the macsetup module from the Privoxy Sourceforge CVS repository (refer to
297 Sourceforge help for details of how to set up a CVS client to have read-only
298 access to the repository). This module contains scripts that leverage the usual
299 open-source tools (available as part of Apple's free of charge Xcode
300 distribution or via the usual open-source software package managers for OS X
301 (MacPorts, Homebrew, Fink etc.) to build and then install the privoxy binary
302 and associated files. The macsetup module's README file contains complete
303 instructions for its use.
306 The privoxy service will automatically start after a successful installation
307 (and thereafter every time your computer starts up) however you will need to
308 configure your web browser(s) to use it. To do so, configure them to use a
309 proxy for HTTP and HTTPS at the address 127.0.0.1:8118.
312 To prevent the privoxy service from automatically starting when your computer
313 starts up, remove or rename the file <literal>/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.ijbswa.privoxy.plist</literal>
314 (on OS X 10.5 and higher) or the folder named
315 <literal>/Library/StartupItems/Privoxy</literal> (on OS X 10.4 'Tiger').
318 To manually start or stop the privoxy service, use the Privoxy Utility
319 for Mac OS X (also part of the macsetup module). This application can start
320 and stop the privoxy service and display its log and configuration files.
323 To uninstall, run the macsetup module's uninstall.sh as sudo from an
324 administrator account.
328 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
329 <sect3 id="installation-freebsd"><title>FreeBSD</title>
332 Privoxy is part of FreeBSD's Ports Collection, you can build and install
333 it with <literal>cd /usr/ports/www/privoxy; make install clean</literal>.
339 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
340 <sect2 id="installation-source"><title>Building from Source</title>
343 The most convenient way to obtain the <application>Privoxy</application> source
344 code is to download the source tarball from our
345 <ulink url="https://sourceforge.net/projects/ijbswa/files/Sources/">
346 project download page</ulink>,
347 or you can get the up-to-the-minute, possibly unstable, development version from
348 <ulink url="https://www.privoxy.org/">https://www.privoxy.org/</ulink>.
351 <!-- include buildsource.sgml boilerplate: -->
353 <!-- end boilerplate -->
356 <sect3 id="WINBUILD-CYGWIN"><title>Windows</title>
358 <sect4 id="WINBUILD-SETUP"><title>Setup</title>
360 Install the Cygwin utilities needed to build <application>Privoxy</application>.
361 If you have a 64 bit CPU (which most people do by now), get the
362 Cygwin setup-x86_64.exe program <ulink url="https://cygwin.com/setup-x86_64.exe">here</ulink>
363 (the .sig file is <ulink url="https://cygwin.com/setup-x86_64.exe.sig">here</ulink>).
366 Run the setup program and from View / Category select:
378 mingw64-i686-gcc-core
383 libxslt: GNOME XSLT library (runtime)
399 If you haven't already downloaded the Privoxy source code, get it now:
404 git clone https://www.privoxy.org/git/privoxy.git
408 Get the source code (.zip or .tar.gz) for tidy from
409 <ulink url="https://github.com/htacg/tidy-html5/releases">
410 https://github.com/htacg/tidy-html5/releases</ulink>,
411 unzip into <root-dir> and build the software:
415 cd tidy-html5-x.y.z/build/cmake
416 cmake ../.. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIB:BOOL=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local
421 If you want to be able to make a Windows release package, get the NSIS .zip file from
422 <!-- FIXME: which version(s) are known to work? -->
423 <ulink url="https://sourceforge.net/projects/nsis/files/NSIS%203/">
424 https://sourceforge.net/projects/nsis/files/NSIS%203/</ulink>
425 and extract the NSIS directory to <literal>privoxy/windows</literal>.
426 Then edit the windows/GNUmakefile to set the location of the NSIS executable - eg:
430 MAKENSIS = ./nsis/makensis.exe
435 <sect4 id="WINBUILD-BUILD"><title>Build</title>
438 To build just the Privoxy executable and not the whole installation package, do:
441 cd <root-dir>/privoxy
442 ./windows/MYconfigure && make
446 Privoxy uses the <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_build_system">GNU Autotools</ulink>
447 for building software, so the process is:
450 $ autoheader # creates config.h.in
451 $ autoconf # uses config.h.in to create the configure shell script
452 $ ./configure [options] # creates GNUmakefile
453 $ make [options] # builds the program
457 The usual <literal>configure</literal> options for building a native Windows application under cygwin are
460 <literallayout class="Monospaced">
461 --host=i686-w64-mingw32
464 --enable-static-linking
466 --disable-dynamic-pcre
470 You can set the <literal>CFLAGS</literal> and <literal>LDFLAGS</literal> envars before
471 running <literal>configure</literal> to set compiler and linker flags. For example:
475 $ export CFLAGS="-O2" # set gcc optimization level
476 $ export LDFLAGS="-Wl,--nxcompat" # Enable DEP
477 $ ./configure --host=i686-w64-mingw32 --enable-mingw32 --enable-zlib \
478 > --enable-static-linking --disable-pthread --disable-dynamic-pcre
479 $ make # build Privoxy
483 See the <ulink url="../developer-manual/newrelease.html#NEWRELEASE-WINDOWS">Developer's Manual</ulink>
484 for building a Windows release package.
492 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
493 <sect2 id="installation-keepupdated"><title>Keeping your Installation Up-to-Date</title>
496 If you wish to receive an email notification whenever we release updates of
497 <application>Privoxy</application> or the actions file, <ulink
498 url="https://lists.privoxy.org/mailman/listinfo/privoxy-announce">subscribe
499 to our announce mailing list</ulink>, privoxy-announce@lists.privoxy.org.
503 In order not to lose your personal changes and adjustments when updating
504 to the latest <literal>default.action</literal> file we <emphasis>strongly
505 recommend</emphasis> that you use <literal>user.action</literal> and
506 <literal>user.filter</literal> for your local
507 customizations of <application>Privoxy</application>. See the <link
508 linkend="actions-file">Chapter on actions files</link> for details.
516 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
518 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
519 <sect1 id="whatsnew">
520 <title>What's New in this Release</title>
524 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
526 <sect2 id="upgradersnote">
527 <title>Note to Upgraders</title>
530 A quick list of things to be aware of before upgrading from earlier
531 versions of <application>Privoxy</application>:
538 The recommended way to upgrade &my-app; is to backup your old
539 configuration files, install the new ones, verify that &my-app;
540 is working correctly and finally merge back your changes using
541 <application>diff</application> and maybe <application>patch</application>.
544 There are a number of new features in each &my-app; release and
545 most of them have to be explicitly enabled in the configuration
546 files. Old configuration files obviously don't do that and due
547 to syntax changes using old configuration files with a new
548 &my-app; isn't always possible anyway.
553 Note that some installers remove earlier versions completely,
554 including configuration files, therefore you should really save
555 any important configuration files!
560 On the other hand, other installers don't overwrite existing configuration
561 files, thinking you will want to do that yourself.
566 In the default configuration only fatal errors are logged now.
567 You can change that in the <link linkend="DEBUG">debug section</link>
568 of the configuration file. You may also want to enable more verbose
569 logging until you verified that the new &my-app; version is working
576 Three other config file settings are now off by default:
577 <link linkend="enable-remote-toggle">enable-remote-toggle</link>,
578 <link linkend="enable-remote-http-toggle">enable-remote-http-toggle</link>,
579 and <link linkend="enable-edit-actions">enable-edit-actions</link>.
580 If you use or want these, you will need to explicitly enable them, and
581 be aware of the security issues involved.
588 What constitutes a <quote>default</quote> configuration has changed,
589 and you may want to review which actions are <quote>on</quote> by
590 default. This is primarily a matter of emphasis, but some features
591 you may have been used to, may now be <quote>off</quote> by default.
592 There are also a number of new actions and filters you may want to
593 consider, most of which are not fully incorporated into the default
594 settings as yet (see above).
601 The default actions setting is now <literal>Cautious</literal>. Previous
602 releases had a default setting of <literal>Medium</literal>. Experienced
603 users may want to adjust this, as it is fairly conservative by &my-app;
604 standards and past practices. See <ulink
605 url="http://config.privoxy.org/edit-actions-list?f=default">
606 http://config.privoxy.org/edit-actions-list?f=default</ulink>. New users
607 should try the default settings for a while before turning up the volume.
613 The default setting has filtering turned <emphasis>off</emphasis>, which
614 subsequently means that compression is <emphasis>on</emphasis>. Remember
615 that filtering does not work on compressed pages, so if you use, or want to
616 use, filtering, you will need to force compression off. Example:
619 { +<link linkend="filter">filter</link>{google} +<link linkend="prevent-compression">prevent-compression</link> }
622 Or if you use a number of filters, or filter many sites, you may just want
623 to turn off compression for all sites in
624 <filename>default.action</filename> (or
625 <filename>user.action</filename>).
632 Also, <link linkend="SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY">session-cookies-only</link> is
633 off by default now. If you've liked this feature in the past, you may want
634 to turn it back on in <filename>user.action</filename> now.
641 Some installers may not automatically start
642 <application>Privoxy</application> after installation.
652 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
653 <sect1 id="quickstart"><title>Quickstart to Using Privoxy</title>
659 Install <application>Privoxy</application>. See the <link
660 linkend="installation">Installation Section</link> below for platform specific
667 Advanced users and those who want to offer <application>Privoxy</application>
668 service to more than just their local machine should check the <link
669 linkend="config">main config file</link>, especially the <link
670 linkend="access-control">security-relevant</link> options. These are
677 Start <application>Privoxy</application>, if the installation program has
678 not done this already (may vary according to platform). See the section
679 <link linkend="startup">Starting <application>Privoxy</application></link>.
685 Set your browser to use <application>Privoxy</application> as HTTP and
686 HTTPS (SSL) <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server">proxy</ulink>
687 by setting the proxy configuration for address of
688 <literal>127.0.0.1</literal> and port <literal>8118</literal>.
689 <emphasis>DO NOT</emphasis> activate proxying for <literal>FTP</literal> or
690 any protocols besides HTTP and HTTPS (SSL) unless you intend to prevent your
691 browser from using these protocols.
697 Flush your browser's disk and memory caches, to remove any cached ad images.
698 If using <application>Privoxy</application> to manage
699 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_cookie">cookies</ulink>,
700 you should remove any currently stored cookies too.
706 A default installation should provide a reasonable starting point for
707 most. There will undoubtedly be occasions where you will want to adjust the
708 configuration, but that can be dealt with as the need arises. Little
709 to no initial configuration is required in most cases, you may want
711 <ulink url="config.html#ENABLE-EDIT-ACTIONS">web-based action editor</ulink> though.
712 Be sure to read the warnings first.
715 See the <link linkend="configuration">Configuration section</link> for more
716 configuration options, and how to customize your installation.
717 You might also want to look at the <link
718 linkend="quickstart-ad-blocking">next section</link> for a quick
719 introduction to how <application>Privoxy</application> blocks ads and
726 If you experience ads that slip through, innocent images that are
727 blocked, or otherwise feel the need to fine-tune
728 <application>Privoxy's</application> behavior, take a look at the <link
729 linkend="actions-file">actions files</link>. As a quick start, you might
730 find the <link linkend="act-examples">richly commented examples</link>
731 helpful. You can also view and edit the actions files through the <ulink
732 url="http://config.privoxy.org">web-based user interface</ulink>. The
733 Appendix <quote><link linkend="actionsanat">Troubleshooting: Anatomy of an
734 Action</link></quote> has hints on how to understand and debug actions that
735 <quote>misbehave</quote>.
741 Please see the section <link linkend="contact">Contacting the
742 Developers</link> on how to report bugs, problems with websites or to get
749 Now enjoy surfing with enhanced control, comfort and privacy!
756 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
758 <sect2 id="quickstart-ad-blocking">
759 <title>Quickstart to Ad Blocking</title>
761 NOTE: This section is deliberately redundant for those that don't
762 want to read the whole thing (which is getting lengthy).
765 Ad blocking is but one of <application>Privoxy's</application>
766 array of features. Many of these features are for the technically minded advanced
767 user. But, ad and banner blocking is surely common ground for everybody.
770 This section will provide a quick summary of ad blocking so
771 you can get up to speed quickly without having to read the more extensive
772 information provided below, though this is highly recommended.
775 First a bit of a warning ... blocking ads is much like blocking SPAM: the
776 more aggressive you are about it, the more likely you are to block
777 things that were not intended. And the more likely that some things
778 may not work as intended. So there is a trade off here. If you want
779 extreme ad free browsing, be prepared to deal with more
780 <quote>problem</quote> sites, and to spend more time adjusting the
781 configuration to solve these unintended consequences. In short, there is
782 not an easy way to eliminate <emphasis>all</emphasis> ads. Either take
783 the easy way and settle for <emphasis>most</emphasis> ads blocked with the
784 default configuration, or jump in and tweak it for your personal surfing
785 habits and preferences.
788 Secondly, a brief explanation of <application>Privoxy's </application>
789 <quote>actions</quote>. <quote>Actions</quote> in this context, are
790 the directives we use to tell <application>Privoxy</application> to perform
791 some task relating to HTTP transactions (i.e. web browsing). We tell
792 <application>Privoxy</application> to take some <quote>action</quote>. Each
793 action has a unique name and function. While there are many potential
794 <application>actions</application> in <application>Privoxy's</application>
795 arsenal, only a few are used for ad blocking. <link
796 linkend="actions">Actions</link>, and <link linkend="actions-file">action
797 configuration files</link>, are explained in depth below.
800 Actions are specified in <application>Privoxy's</application> configuration,
801 followed by one or more URLs to which the action should apply. URLs
802 can actually be URL type <link linkend="af-patterns">patterns</link> that use
803 wildcards so they can apply potentially to a range of similar URLs. The
804 actions, together with the URL patterns are called a section.
807 When you connect to a website, the full URL will either match one or more
808 of the sections as defined in <application>Privoxy's</application> configuration,
809 or not. If so, then <application>Privoxy</application> will perform the
810 respective actions. If not, then nothing special happens. Furthermore, web
811 pages may contain embedded, secondary URLs that your web browser will
812 use to load additional components of the page, as it parses the
813 original page's HTML content. An ad image for instance, is just an URL
814 embedded in the page somewhere. The image itself may be on the same server,
815 or a server somewhere else on the Internet. Complex web pages will have many
816 such embedded URLs. &my-app; can deal with each URL individually, so, for
817 instance, the main page text is not touched, but images from such-and-such
822 The most important actions for basic ad blocking are: <literal><link
823 linkend="block">block</link></literal>, <literal><link
824 linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal>,
826 linkend="handle-as-empty-document">handle-as-empty-document</link></literal>,and
827 <literal><link linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link></literal>:
834 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> - this is perhaps
835 the single most used action, and is particularly important for ad blocking.
836 This action stops any contact between your browser and any URL patterns
837 that match this action's configuration. It can be used for blocking ads,
838 but also anything that is determined to be unwanted. By itself, it simply
839 stops any communication with the remote server and sends
840 <application>Privoxy</application>'s own built-in BLOCKED page instead to
841 let you now what has happened (with some exceptions, see below).
847 <literal><link linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal> -
848 tells <application>Privoxy</application> to treat this URL as an image.
849 <application>Privoxy</application>'s default configuration already does this
850 for all common image types (e.g. GIF), but there are many situations where this
851 is not so easy to determine. So we'll force it in these cases. This is particularly
852 important for ad blocking, since only if we know that it's an image of
853 some kind, can we replace it with an image of our choosing, instead of the
854 <application>Privoxy</application> BLOCKED page (which would only result in
855 a <quote>broken image</quote> icon). There are some limitations to this
856 though. For instance, you can't just brute-force an image substitution for
857 an entire HTML page in most situations.
863 <literal><link linkend="handle-as-empty-document">handle-as-empty-document</link></literal> -
864 sends an empty document instead of <application>Privoxy's</application>
865 normal BLOCKED HTML page. This is useful for file types that are neither
866 HTML nor images, such as blocking JavaScript files.
873 linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link></literal> - tells
874 <application>Privoxy</application> what to display in place of an ad image that
875 has hit a block rule. For this to come into play, the URL must match a
876 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> action somewhere in the
877 configuration, <emphasis>and</emphasis>, it must also match an
878 <literal><link linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal> action.
881 The configuration options on what to display instead of the ad are:
885 <emphasis>pattern</emphasis> - a checkerboard pattern, so that an ad
886 replacement is obvious. This is the default.
891 <emphasis>blank</emphasis> - A very small empty GIF image is displayed.
892 This is the so-called <quote>invisible</quote> configuration option.
897 <emphasis>http://<URL></emphasis> - A redirect to any image anywhere
898 of the user's choosing (advanced usage).
906 Advanced users will eventually want to explore &my-app;
907 <literal><link linkend="filter">filters</link></literal> as well. Filters
908 are very different from <literal><link
909 linkend="block">blocks</link></literal>.
910 A <quote>block</quote> blocks a site, page, or unwanted contented. Filters
911 are a way of filtering or modifying what is actually on the page. An example
912 filter usage: a text replacement of <quote>no-no</quote> for
913 <quote>nasty-word</quote>. That is a very simple example. This process can be
914 used for ad blocking, but it is more in the realm of advanced usage and has
915 some pitfalls to be wary off.
919 The quickest way to adjust any of these settings is with your browser through
920 the special <application>Privoxy</application> editor at <ulink
921 url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</ulink>
922 (shortcut: <ulink url="http://p.p/">http://p.p/show-status</ulink>). This
923 is an internal page, and does not require Internet access.
927 Note that as of <application>Privoxy</application> 3.0.7 beta the
928 action editor is disabled by default. Check the
929 <ulink url="config.html#ENABLE-EDIT-ACTIONS">enable-edit-actions
930 section in the configuration file</ulink> to learn why and in which
931 cases it's safe to enable again.
935 If you decided to enable the action editor, select the appropriate
936 <quote>actions</quote> file, and click
937 <quote><guibutton>Edit</guibutton></quote>. It is best to put personal or
938 local preferences in <filename>user.action</filename> since this is not
939 meant to be overwritten during upgrades, and will over-ride the settings in
940 other files. Here you can insert new <quote>actions</quote>, and URLs for ad
941 blocking or other purposes, and make other adjustments to the configuration.
942 <application>Privoxy</application> will detect these changes automatically.
946 A quick and simple step by step example:
953 Right click on the ad image to be blocked, then select
954 <quote><guimenuitem>Copy Link Location</guimenuitem></quote> from the
962 url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</ulink>
967 Find <filename>user.action</filename> in the top section, and click
968 on <quote><guibutton>Edit</guibutton></quote>:
971 <!-- image of editor and actions files selections -->
972 <figure pgwide="0" float="0"><title>Actions Files in Use</title>
975 <imagedata fileref="files-in-use.jpg" format="jpg">
978 <phrase>[ Screenshot of Actions Files in Use ]</phrase>
986 You should have a section with only
987 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> listed under
988 <quote>Actions:</quote>.
989 If not, click a <quote><guibutton>Insert new section below</guibutton></quote>
990 button, and in the new section that just appeared, click the
991 <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> button right under the word <quote>Actions:</quote>.
992 This will bring up a list of all actions. Find
993 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> near the top, and click
994 in the <quote>Enabled</quote> column, then <quote><guibutton>Submit</guibutton></quote>
1000 Now, in the <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> actions section,
1001 click the <quote><guibutton>Add</guibutton></quote> button, and paste the URL the
1002 browser got from <quote><guimenuitem>Copy Link Location</guimenuitem></quote>.
1003 Remove the <literal>http://</literal> at the beginning of the URL. Then, click
1004 <quote><guibutton>Submit</guibutton></quote> (or
1005 <quote><guibutton>OK</guibutton></quote> if in a pop-up window).
1010 Now go back to the original page, and press <keycap>SHIFT-Reload</keycap>
1011 (or flush all browser caches). The image should be gone now.
1018 This is a very crude and simple example. There might be good reasons to use a
1019 wildcard pattern match to include potentially similar images from the same
1020 site. For a more extensive explanation of <quote>patterns</quote>, and
1021 the entire actions concept, see <link linkend="actions-file">the Actions
1026 For advanced users who want to hand edit their config files, you might want
1027 to now go to the <link linkend="act-examples">Actions Files Tutorial</link>.
1028 The ideas explained therein also apply to the web-based editor.
1031 There are also various
1032 <link linkend="filter">filters</link> that can be used for ad blocking
1033 (filters are a special subset of actions). These
1034 fall into the <quote>advanced</quote> usage category, and are explained in
1035 depth in later sections.
1042 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
1045 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1046 <sect1 id="startup">
1047 <title>Starting Privoxy</title>
1049 Before launching <application>Privoxy</application> for the first time, you
1050 will want to configure your browser(s) to use
1051 <application>Privoxy</application> as a HTTP and HTTPS (SSL)
1052 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server">proxy</ulink>. The default is
1053 127.0.0.1 (or localhost) for the proxy address, and port 8118 (earlier versions
1054 used port 8000). This is the one configuration step <emphasis>that must be done
1058 Please note that <application>Privoxy</application> can only proxy HTTP and
1059 HTTPS traffic. It will not work with FTP or other protocols.
1062 <!-- image of Mozilla Proxy configuration -->
1063 <figure pgwide="0" float="0"><title>Proxy Configuration Showing
1064 Mozilla/Netscape HTTP and HTTPS (SSL) Settings</title>
1067 <imagedata fileref="proxy_setup.jpg" format="jpg">
1070 <phrase>[ Screenshot of Mozilla Proxy Configuration ]</phrase>
1077 With <application>Firefox</application>, this is typically set under:
1081 <guibutton>Tools</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Options</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Advanced</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Network</guibutton> -><guibutton>Connection</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Settings</guibutton>
1085 Or optionally on some platforms:
1089 <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Preferences</guibutton> -> <guibutton>General</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Connection Settings</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Manual Proxy Configuration</guibutton>
1094 With <application>Netscape</application> (and
1095 <application>Mozilla</application>), this can be set under:
1100 <!-- Mix ascii and gui art, something for everybody -->
1101 <!-- spacing on this is tricky -->
1102 <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Preferences</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Advanced</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Proxies</guibutton> -> <guibutton>HTTP Proxy</guibutton>
1106 For <application>Internet Explorer v.5-7</application>:
1110 <guibutton>Tools</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Internet Options</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Connections</guibutton> -> <guibutton>LAN Settings</guibutton>
1114 Then, check <quote>Use Proxy</quote> and fill in the appropriate info
1115 (Address: 127.0.0.1, Port: 8118). Include HTTPS (SSL), if you want HTTPS
1116 proxy support too (sometimes labeled <quote>Secure</quote>). Make sure any
1117 checkboxes like <quote>Use the same proxy server for all protocols</quote> is
1118 <emphasis>UNCHECKED</emphasis>. You want only HTTP and HTTPS (SSL)!
1121 <!-- image of IE Proxy configuration -->
1122 <figure pgwide="0" float="0"><title>Proxy Configuration Showing
1123 Internet Explorer HTTP and HTTPS (Secure) Settings</title>
1126 <imagedata fileref="proxy2.jpg" format="jpg">
1129 <phrase>[ Screenshot of IE Proxy Configuration ]</phrase>
1136 After doing this, flush your browser's disk and memory caches to force a
1137 re-reading of all pages and to get rid of any ads that may be cached. Remove
1138 any <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_cookie">cookies</ulink>,
1139 if you want <application>Privoxy</application> to manage that. You are now
1140 ready to start enjoying the benefits of using
1141 <application>Privoxy</application>!
1145 <application>Privoxy</application> itself is typically started by specifying the
1146 main configuration file to be used on the command line. If no configuration
1147 file is specified on the command line, <application>Privoxy</application>
1148 will look for a file named <filename>config</filename> in the current
1149 directory. Except on Win32 where it will try <filename>config.txt</filename>.
1152 <sect2 id="start-debian">
1153 <title>Debian</title>
1155 We use a script. Note that Debian typically starts &my-app; upon booting per
1156 default. It will use the file
1157 <filename>/etc/privoxy/config</filename> as its main configuration
1161 # /etc/init.d/privoxy start
1165 <sect2 id="start-freebsd">
1166 <title>FreeBSD and ElectroBSD</title>
1168 To start <application>Privoxy</application> upon booting, add
1169 "privoxy_enable='YES'" to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.
1170 <application>Privoxy</application> will use
1171 <filename>/usr/local/etc/privoxy/config</filename> as its main
1175 If you installed <application>Privoxy</application> into a jail, the
1176 paths above are relative to the jail root.
1179 To start <application>Privoxy</application> manually, run:
1182 # service privoxy onestart
1186 <sect2 id="start-windows">
1187 <title>Windows</title>
1189 Click on the &my-app; Icon to start <application>Privoxy</application>. If no configuration file is
1190 specified on the command line, <application>Privoxy</application> will look
1191 for a file named <filename>config.txt</filename>. Note that Windows will
1192 automatically start &my-app; when the system starts if you chose that option
1196 <application>Privoxy</application> can run with full Windows service functionality.
1197 On Windows only, the &my-app; program has two new command line arguments
1198 to install and uninstall &my-app; as a service. See the
1199 <link linkend="installation-pack-win">Windows Installation
1200 instructions</link> for details.
1204 <sect2 id="start-unices">
1205 <title>Generic instructions for Unix derivates (Solaris, NetBSD, HP-UX etc.)</title>
1207 Example Unix startup command:
1210 # /usr/sbin/privoxy --user privoxy /etc/privoxy/config
1213 Note that if you installed <application>Privoxy</application> through
1214 a package manager, the package will probably contain a platform-specific
1215 script or configuration file to start <application>Privoxy</application>
1220 <sect2 id="start-os2">
1223 During installation, <application>Privoxy</application> is configured to
1224 start automatically when the system restarts. You can start it manually by
1225 double-clicking on the <application>Privoxy</application> icon in the
1226 <application>Privoxy</application> folder.
1230 <sect2 id="start-macosx">
1231 <title>Mac OS X</title>
1233 The privoxy service will automatically start after a successful installation
1234 (and thereafter every time your computer starts up) however you will need to
1235 configure your web browser(s) to use it. To do so, configure them to use a
1236 proxy for HTTP and HTTPS at the address 127.0.0.1:8118.
1239 To prevent the privoxy service from automatically starting when your computer
1240 starts up, remove or rename the file <literal>/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.ijbswa.privoxy.plist</literal>
1241 (on OS X 10.5 and higher) or the folder named
1242 <literal>/Library/StartupItems/Privoxy</literal> (on OS X 10.4 'Tiger').
1245 To manually start or stop the privoxy service, use the scripts startPrivoxy.sh
1246 and stopPrivoxy.sh supplied in /Applications/Privoxy. They must be run from an
1247 administrator account, using sudo.
1255 See the section <link linkend="cmdoptions">Command line options</link> for
1259 must find a better place for this paragraph
1262 The included default configuration files should give a reasonable starting
1263 point. Most of the per site configuration is done in the
1264 <ulink url="actions-file.html"><quote>actions</quote></ulink> files. These are
1265 where various cookie actions are defined, ad and banner blocking, and other
1266 aspects of <application>Privoxy</application> configuration. There are several
1267 such files included, with varying levels of aggressiveness.
1271 You will probably want to keep an eye out for sites for which you may prefer
1272 persistent cookies, and add these to your actions configuration as needed. By
1273 default, most of these will be accepted only during the current browser
1274 session (aka <quote>session cookies</quote>), unless you add them to the
1275 configuration. If you want the browser to handle this instead, you will need
1276 to edit <filename>user.action</filename> (or through the web based interface)
1277 and disable this feature. If you use more than one browser, it would make
1278 more sense to let <application>Privoxy</application> handle this. In which
1279 case, the browser(s) should be set to accept all cookies.
1283 Another feature where you will probably want to define exceptions for trusted
1284 sites is the popup-killing (through <ulink
1285 url="actions-file.html#FILTER-POPUPS"><quote>+filter{popups}</quote></ulink>),
1286 because your favorite shopping, banking, or leisure site may need
1287 popups (explained below).
1291 <application>Privoxy</application> does not support all of the optional HTTP/1.1
1292 features yet. In the unlikely event that you experience inexplicable problems
1293 with browsers that use HTTP/1.1 per default
1294 (like <application>Mozilla</application> or recent versions of I.E.), you might
1295 try to force HTTP/1.0 compatibility. For Mozilla, look under <literal>Edit ->
1296 Preferences -> Debug -> Networking</literal>.
1297 Alternatively, set the <quote>+downgrade-http-version</quote> config option in
1298 <filename>default.action</filename> which will downgrade your browser's HTTP
1299 requests from HTTP/1.1 to HTTP/1.0 before processing them.
1303 After running <application>Privoxy</application> for a while, you can
1304 start to fine tune the configuration to suit your personal, or site,
1305 preferences and requirements. There are many, many aspects that can
1306 be customized. <quote>Actions</quote>
1307 can be adjusted by pointing your browser to
1308 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/">http://config.privoxy.org/</ulink>
1309 (shortcut: <ulink url="http://p.p/">http://p.p/</ulink>),
1310 and then follow the link to <quote>View & Change the Current Configuration</quote>.
1311 (This is an internal page and does not require Internet access.)
1315 In fact, various aspects of <application>Privoxy</application>
1316 configuration can be viewed from this page, including
1317 current configuration parameters, source code version numbers,
1318 the browser's request headers, and <quote>actions</quote> that apply
1319 to a given URL. In addition to the actions file
1320 editor mentioned above, <application>Privoxy</application> can also
1321 be turned <quote>on</quote> and <quote>off</quote> (toggled) from this page.
1325 If you encounter problems, try loading the page without
1326 <application>Privoxy</application>. If that helps, enter the URL where
1327 you have the problems into <ulink url="http://p.p/show-url-info">the browser
1328 based rule tracing utility</ulink>. See which rules apply and why, and
1329 then try turning them off for that site one after the other, until the problem
1330 is gone. When you have found the culprit, you might want to turn the rest on
1335 If the above paragraph sounds gibberish to you, you might want to <link
1336 linkend="actions-file">read more about the actions concept</link>
1337 or even dive deep into the <link linkend="actionsanat">Appendix
1342 If you can't get rid of the problem at all, think you've found a bug in
1343 Privoxy, want to propose a new feature or smarter rules, please see the
1344 section <link linkend="contact"><quote>Contacting the
1345 Developers</quote></link> below.
1350 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1351 <sect2 id="cmdoptions">
1352 <title>Command Line Options</title>
1354 <application>Privoxy</application> may be invoked with the following
1355 command-line options:
1362 <emphasis>--config-test</emphasis>
1365 Exit after loading the configuration files before binding to
1366 the listen address. The exit code signals whether or not the
1367 configuration files have been successfully loaded.
1370 If the exit code is 1, at least one of the configuration files
1371 is invalid, if it is 0, all the configuration files have been
1372 successfully loaded (but may still contain errors that can
1373 currently only be detected at run time).
1376 This option doesn't affect the log setting, combination with
1377 <emphasis>--no-daemon</emphasis> is recommended if a configured
1378 log file shouldn't be used.
1383 <emphasis>--version</emphasis>
1386 Print version info and exit. Unix only.
1391 <emphasis>--help</emphasis>
1394 Print short usage info and exit. Unix only.
1399 <emphasis>--no-daemon</emphasis>
1402 Don't become a daemon, i.e. don't fork and become process group
1403 leader, and don't detach from controlling tty. Unix only.
1408 <emphasis>--pidfile FILE</emphasis>
1411 On startup, write the process ID to <emphasis>FILE</emphasis>. Delete the
1412 <emphasis>FILE</emphasis> on exit. Failure to create or delete the
1413 <emphasis>FILE</emphasis> is non-fatal. If no <emphasis>FILE</emphasis>
1414 option is given, no PID file will be used. Unix only.
1419 <emphasis>--user USER[.GROUP]</emphasis>
1422 After (optionally) writing the PID file, assume the user ID of
1423 <emphasis>USER</emphasis>, and if included the GID of GROUP. Exit if the
1424 privileges are not sufficient to do so. Unix only.
1429 <emphasis>--chroot</emphasis>
1432 Before changing to the user ID given in the <emphasis>--user</emphasis> option,
1433 chroot to that user's home directory, i.e. make the kernel pretend to the &my-app;
1434 process that the directory tree starts there. If set up carefully, this can limit
1435 the impact of possible vulnerabilities in &my-app; to the files contained in that hierarchy.
1441 <emphasis>--pre-chroot-nslookup hostname</emphasis>
1444 Specifies a hostname (for example www.privoxy.org) to look up before doing a chroot.
1445 On some systems, initializing the resolver library involves reading config files from
1446 /etc and/or loading additional shared libraries from /lib.
1447 On these systems, doing a hostname lookup before the chroot reduces
1448 the number of files that must be copied into the chroot tree.
1451 For fastest startup speed, a good value is a hostname that is not in /etc/hosts but that
1452 your local name server (listed in /etc/resolv.conf) can resolve without recursion
1453 (that is, without having to ask any other name servers). The hostname need not exist,
1454 but if it doesn't, an error message (which can be ignored) will be output.
1460 <emphasis>configfile</emphasis>
1463 If no <emphasis>configfile</emphasis> is included on the command line,
1464 <application>Privoxy</application> will look for a file named
1465 <quote>config</quote> in the current directory (except on Win32
1466 where it will look for <quote>config.txt</quote> instead). Specify
1467 full path to avoid confusion. If no config file is found,
1468 <application>Privoxy</application> will fail to start.
1475 On <application>MS Windows</application> only there are two additional
1476 command-line options to allow <application>Privoxy</application> to install and
1477 run as a <emphasis>service</emphasis>. See the
1478 <link linkend="installation-pack-win">Window Installation section</link>
1486 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
1489 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1490 <sect1 id="configuration"><title>Privoxy Configuration</title>
1492 All <application>Privoxy</application> configuration is stored
1493 in text files. These files can be edited with a text editor.
1494 Many important aspects of <application>Privoxy</application> can
1495 also be controlled easily with a web browser.
1499 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1501 <sect2 id="control-with-webbrowser">
1502 <title>Controlling Privoxy with Your Web Browser</title>
1504 <application>Privoxy</application>'s user interface can be reached through the special
1505 URL <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/">http://config.privoxy.org/</ulink>
1506 (shortcut: <ulink url="http://p.p/">http://p.p/</ulink>),
1507 which is a built-in page and works without Internet access.
1508 You will see the following section:
1511 <!-- Needs to be put in a table and colorized -->
1512 <screen><!-- want the background color that goes with screen -->
1514 <bridgehead renderas="sect2"> Privoxy Menu</bridgehead>
1517 ▪ <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">View & change the current configuration</ulink>
1520 ▪ <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/client-tags">View or toggle the tags that can be set based on the clients address</ulink>
1523 ▪ <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-request">View the request headers.</ulink>
1526 ▪ <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info">Look up which actions apply to a URL and why</ulink>
1529 ▪ <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/toggle">Toggle Privoxy on or off</ulink>
1532 ▪ <ulink
1533 url="https://www.privoxy.org/&p-version;/user-manual/">Documentation</ulink>
1541 This should be self-explanatory. Note the first item leads to an editor for the
1542 <link linkend="actions-file">actions files</link>, which is where the ad, banner,
1543 cookie, and URL blocking magic is configured as well as other advanced features of
1544 <application>Privoxy</application>. This is an easy way to adjust various
1545 aspects of <application>Privoxy</application> configuration. The actions
1546 file, and other configuration files, are explained in detail below.
1550 <quote>Toggle Privoxy On or Off</quote> is handy for sites that might
1551 have problems with your current actions and filters. You can in fact use
1552 it as a test to see whether it is <application>Privoxy</application>
1553 causing the problem or not. <application>Privoxy</application> continues
1554 to run as a proxy in this case, but all manipulation is disabled, i.e.
1555 <application>Privoxy</application> acts like a normal forwarding proxy.
1559 Note that several of the features described above are disabled by default
1560 in <application>Privoxy</application> 3.0.7 beta and later.
1562 <ulink url="config.html">configuration file</ulink> to learn why
1563 and in which cases it's safe to enable them again.
1568 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
1573 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1575 <sect2 id="confoverview">
1576 <title>Configuration Files Overview</title>
1578 For Unix, *BSD and GNU/Linux, all configuration files are located in
1579 <filename>/etc/privoxy/</filename> by default. For MS Windows and OS/2
1580 these are all in the same directory as the
1581 <application>Privoxy</application> executable. <![%p-not-stable;[ The name
1582 and number of configuration files has changed from previous versions, and is
1583 subject to change as development progresses.]]>
1587 The installed defaults provide a reasonable starting point, though
1588 some settings may be aggressive by some standards. For the time being, the
1589 principle configuration files are:
1596 The <link linkend="config">main configuration file</link> is named <filename>config</filename>
1597 on GNU/Linux, Unix, BSD, and OS/2, and <filename>config.txt</filename>
1598 on Windows. This is a required file.
1604 <filename>match-all.action</filename> is used to define which <quote>actions</quote>
1605 relating to banner-blocking, images, pop-ups, content modification, cookie handling
1606 etc should be applied by default. It should be the first actions file loaded.
1609 <filename>default.action</filename> defines many exceptions (both positive and negative)
1610 from the default set of actions that's configured in <filename>match-all.action</filename>.
1611 It should be the second actions file loaded and shouldn't be edited by the user.
1614 Multiple actions files may be defined in <filename>config</filename>. These
1615 are processed in the order they are defined. Local customizations and locally
1616 preferred exceptions to the default policies as defined in
1617 <filename>match-all.action</filename> (which you will most probably want
1618 to define sooner or later) are best applied in <filename>user.action</filename>,
1619 where you can preserve them across upgrades. The file isn't installed by all
1620 installers, but you can easily create it yourself with a text editor.
1623 There is also a web based editor that can be accessed from
1625 url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</ulink>
1627 url="http://p.p/show-status">http://p.p/show-status</ulink>) for the
1628 various actions files.
1634 <quote>Filter files</quote> (the <link linkend="filter-file">filter
1635 file</link>) can be used to re-write the raw page content, including
1636 viewable text as well as embedded HTML and JavaScript, and whatever else
1637 lurks on any given web page. The filtering jobs are only pre-defined here;
1638 whether to apply them or not is up to the actions files.
1639 <filename>default.filter</filename> includes various filters made
1640 available for use by the developers. Some are much more intrusive than
1641 others, and all should be used with caution. You may define additional
1642 filter files in <filename>config</filename> as you can with
1643 actions files. We suggest <filename>user.filter</filename> for any
1644 locally defined filters or customizations.
1651 The syntax of the configuration and filter files may change between different
1652 Privoxy versions, unfortunately some enhancements cost backwards compatibility.
1653 <!-- Add link to documentation-->
1657 All files use the <quote><literal>#</literal></quote> character to denote a
1658 comment (the rest of the line will be ignored) and understand line continuation
1659 through placing a backslash ("<literal>\</literal>") as the very last character
1660 in a line. If the <literal>#</literal> is preceded by a backslash, it looses
1661 its special function. Placing a <literal>#</literal> in front of an otherwise
1662 valid configuration line to prevent it from being interpreted is called "commenting
1663 out" that line. Blank lines are ignored.
1667 The actions files and filter files
1668 can use Perl style <link linkend="regex">regular expressions</link> for
1669 maximum flexibility.
1673 After making any changes, there is no need to restart
1674 <application>Privoxy</application> in order for the changes to take
1675 effect. <application>Privoxy</application> detects such changes
1676 automatically. Note, however, that it may take one or two additional
1677 requests for the change to take effect. When changing the listening address
1678 of <application>Privoxy</application>, these <quote>wake up</quote> requests
1679 must obviously be sent to the <emphasis>old</emphasis> listening address.
1684 While under development, the configuration content is subject to change.
1685 The below documentation may not be accurate by the time you read this.
1686 Also, what constitutes a <quote>default</quote> setting, may change, so
1687 please check all your configuration files on important issues.
1693 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
1696 <!-- ~~~~~~~~ New section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
1698 <!-- **************************************************** -->
1699 <!-- Include config.sgml here -->
1700 <!-- This is where the entire config file is detailed. -->
1702 <!-- end include -->
1705 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
1709 <!-- ~~~~~~~~ New section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
1711 <sect1 id="actions-file"><title>Actions Files</title>
1715 XXX: similar descriptions are in the Configuration Files sections.
1716 We should only describe them at one place.
1719 The actions files are used to define what <emphasis>actions</emphasis>
1720 <application>Privoxy</application> takes for which URLs, and thus determines
1721 how ad images, cookies and various other aspects of HTTP content and
1722 transactions are handled, and on which sites (or even parts thereof).
1723 There are a number of such actions, with a wide range of functionality.
1724 Each action does something a little different.
1725 These actions give us a veritable arsenal of tools with which to exert
1726 our control, preferences and independence. Actions can be combined so that
1727 their effects are aggregated when applied against a given set of URLs.
1731 are three action files included with <application>Privoxy</application> with
1737 <filename>match-all.action</filename> - is used to define which
1738 <quote>actions</quote> relating to banner-blocking, images, pop-ups,
1739 content modification, cookie handling etc should be applied by default.
1740 It should be the first actions file loaded
1745 <filename>default.action</filename> - defines many exceptions (both
1746 positive and negative) from the default set of actions that's configured
1747 in <filename>match-all.action</filename>. It is a set of rules that should
1748 work reasonably well as-is for most users. This file is only supposed to
1749 be edited by the developers. It should be the second actions file loaded.
1754 <filename>user.action</filename> - is intended to be for local site
1755 preferences and exceptions. As an example, if your ISP or your bank
1756 has specific requirements, and need special handling, this kind of
1757 thing should go here. This file will not be upgraded.
1762 <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> <guibutton>Set to Cautious</guibutton> <guibutton>Set to Medium</guibutton> <guibutton>Set to Advanced</guibutton>
1765 These have increasing levels of aggressiveness <emphasis>and have no
1766 influence on your browsing unless you select them explicitly in the
1767 editor</emphasis>. A default installation should be pre-set to
1768 <literal>Cautious</literal>. New users should try this for a while before
1769 adjusting the settings to more aggressive levels. The more aggressive
1770 the settings, then the more likelihood there is of problems such as sites
1771 not working as they should.
1774 The <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> button allows you to turn each
1775 action on/off individually for fine-tuning. The <guibutton>Cautious</guibutton>
1776 button changes the actions list to low/safe settings which will activate
1777 ad blocking and a minimal set of &my-app;'s features, and subsequently
1778 there will be less of a chance for accidental problems. The
1779 <guibutton>Medium</guibutton> button sets the list to a medium level of
1780 other features and a low level set of privacy features. The
1781 <guibutton>Advanced</guibutton> button sets the list to a high level of
1782 ad blocking and medium level of privacy. See the chart below. The latter
1783 three buttons over-ride any changes via with the
1784 <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> button. More fine-tuning can be done in the
1785 lower sections of this internal page.
1788 While the actions file editor allows to enable these settings in all
1789 actions files, they are only supposed to be enabled in the first one
1790 to make sure you don't unintentionally overrule earlier rules.
1793 The default profiles, and their associated actions, as pre-defined in
1794 <filename>default.action</filename> are:
1796 <table frame=all><title>Default Configurations</title>
1797 <tgroup cols=4 align=left colsep=1 rowsep=1>
1798 <colspec colname=c1>
1799 <colspec colname=c2>
1800 <colspec colname=c3>
1801 <colspec colname=c4>
1804 <entry>Feature</entry>
1805 <entry>Cautious</entry>
1806 <entry>Medium</entry>
1807 <entry>Advanced</entry>
1812 <!-- <entry>f1</entry> -->
1813 <!-- <entry>f2</entry> -->
1814 <!-- <entry>f3</entry> -->
1815 <!-- <entry>f4</entry> -->
1821 <entry>Ad-blocking Aggressiveness</entry>
1822 <entry>medium</entry>
1828 <entry>Ad-filtering by size</entry>
1835 <entry>Ad-filtering by link</entry>
1841 <entry>Pop-up killing</entry>
1842 <entry>blocks only</entry>
1843 <entry>blocks only</entry>
1844 <entry>blocks only</entry>
1848 <entry>Privacy Features</entry>
1850 <entry>medium</entry>
1851 <entry>medium/high</entry>
1855 <entry>Cookie handling</entry>
1857 <entry>session-only</entry>
1862 <entry>Referer forging</entry>
1869 <entry>GIF de-animation</entry>
1876 <entry>Fast redirects</entry>
1883 <entry>HTML taming</entry>
1890 <entry>JavaScript taming</entry>
1897 <entry>Web-bug killing</entry>
1904 <entry>Image tag reordering</entry>
1918 The list of actions files to be used are defined in the main configuration
1919 file, and are processed in the order they are defined (e.g.
1920 <filename>default.action</filename> is typically processed before
1921 <filename>user.action</filename>). The content of these can all be viewed and
1923 url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</ulink>.
1924 The over-riding principle when applying actions, is that the last action that
1925 matches a given URL wins. The broadest, most general rules go first
1926 (defined in <filename>default.action</filename>),
1927 followed by any exceptions (typically also in
1928 <filename>default.action</filename>), which are then followed lastly by any
1929 local preferences (typically in <emphasis>user</emphasis><filename>.action</filename>).
1930 Generally, <filename>user.action</filename> has the last word.
1934 An actions file typically has multiple sections. If you want to use
1935 <quote>aliases</quote> in an actions file, you have to place the (optional)
1936 <link linkend="aliases">alias section</link> at the top of that file.
1937 Then comes the default set of rules which will apply universally to all
1938 sites and pages (be <emphasis>very careful</emphasis> with using such a
1939 universal set in <filename>user.action</filename> or any other actions file after
1940 <filename>default.action</filename>, because it will override the result
1941 from consulting any previous file). And then below that,
1942 exceptions to the defined universal policies. You can regard
1943 <filename>user.action</filename> as an appendix to <filename>default.action</filename>,
1944 with the advantage that it is a separate file, which makes preserving your
1945 personal settings across <application>Privoxy</application> upgrades easier.
1949 Actions can be used to block anything you want, including ads, banners, or
1950 just some obnoxious URL whose content you would rather not see. Cookies can be accepted
1951 or rejected, or accepted only during the current browser session (i.e. not
1952 written to disk), content can be modified, some JavaScripts tamed, user-tracking
1953 fooled, and much more. See below for a <link linkend="actions">complete list
1957 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1958 <sect2 id="right-mix">
1959 <title>Finding the Right Mix</title>
1961 Note that some <link linkend="actions">actions</link>, like cookie suppression
1962 or script disabling, may render some sites unusable that rely on these
1963 techniques to work properly. Finding the right mix of actions is not always easy and
1964 certainly a matter of personal taste. And, things can always change, requiring
1965 refinements in the configuration. In general, it can be said that the more
1966 <quote>aggressive</quote> your default settings (in the top section of the
1967 actions file) are, the more exceptions for <quote>trusted</quote> sites you
1968 will have to make later. If, for example, you want to crunch all cookies per
1969 default, you'll have to make exceptions from that rule for sites that you
1970 regularly use and that require cookies for actually useful purposes, like maybe
1971 your bank, favorite shop, or newspaper.
1975 We have tried to provide you with reasonable rules to start from in the
1976 distribution actions files. But there is no general rule of thumb on these
1977 things. There just are too many variables, and sites are constantly changing.
1978 Sooner or later you will want to change the rules (and read this chapter again :).
1982 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
1983 <sect2 id="how-to-edit">
1984 <title>How to Edit</title>
1986 The easiest way to edit the actions files is with a browser by
1987 using our browser-based editor, which can be reached from <ulink
1988 url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</ulink>.
1989 Note: the config file option <link
1990 linkend="enable-edit-actions">enable-edit-actions</link> must be enabled for
1991 this to work. The editor allows both fine-grained control over every single
1992 feature on a per-URL basis, and easy choosing from wholesale sets of defaults
1993 like <quote>Cautious</quote>, <quote>Medium</quote> or
1994 <quote>Advanced</quote>. Warning: the <quote>Advanced</quote> setting is more
1995 aggressive, and will be more likely to cause problems for some sites.
1996 Experienced users only!
2000 If you prefer plain text editing to GUIs, you can of course also directly edit the
2001 the actions files with your favorite text editor. Look at
2002 <filename>default.action</filename> which is richly commented with many
2008 <sect2 id="actions-apply">
2009 <title>How Actions are Applied to Requests</title>
2011 Actions files are divided into sections. There are special sections,
2012 like the <quote><link linkend="aliases">alias</link></quote> sections which will
2013 be discussed later. For now let's concentrate on regular sections: They have a
2014 heading line (often split up to multiple lines for readability) which consist
2015 of a list of actions, separated by whitespace and enclosed in curly braces.
2016 Below that, there is a list of URL and tag patterns, each on a separate line.
2020 To determine which actions apply to a request, the URL of the request is
2021 compared to all URL patterns in each <quote>action file</quote>.
2022 Every time it matches, the list of applicable actions for the request is
2023 incrementally updated, using the heading of the section in which the
2024 pattern is located. The same is done again for tags and tag patterns later on.
2028 If multiple applying sections set the same action differently,
2029 the last match wins. If not, the effects are aggregated.
2030 E.g. a URL might match a regular section with a heading line of <literal>{
2031 +<link linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link> }</literal>,
2032 then later another one with just <literal>{
2033 +<link linkend="block">block</link> }</literal>, resulting
2034 in <emphasis>both</emphasis> actions to apply. And there may well be
2035 cases where you will want to combine actions together. Such a section then
2040 { +<literal>handle-as-image</literal> +<literal>block{Banner ads.}</literal> }
2041 # Block these as if they were images. Send no block page.
2043 media.example.com/.*banners
2044 .example.com/images/ads/</screen>
2047 You can trace this process for URL patterns and any given URL by visiting <ulink
2048 url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info">http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info</ulink>.
2052 Examples and more detail on this is provided in the Appendix, <link linkend="ACTIONSANAT">
2053 Troubleshooting: Anatomy of an Action</link> section.
2057 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2058 <sect2 id="af-patterns">
2059 <title>Patterns</title>
2061 As mentioned, <application>Privoxy</application> uses <quote>patterns</quote>
2062 to determine what <emphasis>actions</emphasis> might apply to which sites and
2063 pages your browser attempts to access. These <quote>patterns</quote> use wild
2064 card type <emphasis>pattern</emphasis> matching to achieve a high degree of
2065 flexibility. This allows one expression to be expanded and potentially match
2066 against many similar patterns.
2070 Generally, an URL pattern has the form
2071 <literal><host><port>/<path></literal>, where the
2072 <literal><host></literal>, the <literal><port></literal>
2073 and the <literal><path></literal> are optional. (This is why the special
2074 <literal>/</literal> pattern matches all URLs). Note that the protocol
2075 portion of the URL pattern (e.g. <literal>http://</literal>) should
2076 <emphasis>not</emphasis> be included in the pattern. This is assumed already!
2079 The pattern matching syntax is different for the host and path parts of
2080 the URL. The host part uses a simple globbing type matching technique,
2081 while the path part uses more flexible
2082 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions"><quote>Regular
2083 Expressions</quote></ulink> (POSIX 1003.2).
2086 The port part of a pattern is a decimal port number preceded by a colon
2087 (<literal>:</literal>). If the host part contains a numerical IPv6 address,
2088 it has to be put into angle brackets
2089 (<literal><</literal>, <literal>></literal>).
2094 <term><literal>www.example.com/</literal></term>
2097 is a host-only pattern and will match any request to <literal>www.example.com</literal>,
2098 regardless of which document on that server is requested. So ALL pages in
2099 this domain would be covered by the scope of this action. Note that a
2100 simple <literal>example.com</literal> is different and would NOT match.
2105 <term><literal>www.example.com</literal></term>
2108 means exactly the same. For host-only patterns, the trailing <literal>/</literal> may
2114 <term><literal>www.example.com/index.html</literal></term>
2117 matches all the documents on <literal>www.example.com</literal>
2118 whose name starts with <literal>/index.html</literal>.
2123 <term><literal>www.example.com/index.html$</literal></term>
2126 matches only the single document <literal>/index.html</literal>
2127 on <literal>www.example.com</literal>.
2132 <term><literal>/index.html$</literal></term>
2135 matches the document <literal>/index.html</literal>, regardless of the domain,
2136 i.e. on <emphasis>any</emphasis> web server anywhere.
2141 <term><literal>/</literal></term>
2144 Matches any URL because there's no requirement for either the
2145 domain or the path to match anything.
2150 <term><literal>:8000/</literal></term>
2153 Matches any URL pointing to TCP port 8000.
2158 <term><literal>10.0.0.1/</literal></term>
2161 Matches any URL with the host address <literal>10.0.0.1</literal>.
2162 (Note that the real URL uses plain brackets, not angle brackets.)
2167 <term><literal><2001:db8::1>/</literal></term>
2170 Matches any URL with the host address <literal>2001:db8::1</literal>.
2171 (Note that the real URL uses plain brackets, not angle brackets.)
2176 <term><literal>index.html</literal></term>
2179 matches nothing, since it would be interpreted as a domain name and
2180 there is no top-level domain called <literal>.html</literal>. So its
2188 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2189 <sect3 id="host-pattern"><title>The Host Pattern</title>
2192 The matching of the host part offers some flexible options: if the
2193 host pattern starts or ends with a dot, it becomes unanchored at that end.
2194 The host pattern is often referred to as domain pattern as it is usually
2195 used to match domain names and not IP addresses.
2201 <term><literal>.example.com</literal></term>
2204 matches any domain with first-level domain <literal>com</literal>
2205 and second-level domain <literal>example</literal>.
2206 For example <literal>www.example.com</literal>,
2207 <literal>example.com</literal> and <literal>foo.bar.baz.example.com</literal>.
2208 Note that it wouldn't match if the second-level domain was <literal>another-example</literal>.
2213 <term><literal>www.</literal></term>
2216 matches any domain that <emphasis>STARTS</emphasis> with
2217 <literal>www.</literal> (It also matches the domain
2218 <literal>www</literal> but most of the time that doesn't matter.)
2223 <term><literal>.example.</literal></term>
2226 matches any domain that <emphasis>CONTAINS</emphasis> <literal>.example.</literal>.
2227 And, by the way, also included would be any files or documents that exist
2228 within that domain since no path limitations are specified. (Correctly
2229 speaking: It matches any FQDN that contains <literal>example</literal> as
2230 a domain.) This might be <literal>www.example.com</literal>,
2231 <literal>news.example.de</literal>, or
2232 <literal>www.example.net/cgi/testing.pl</literal> for instance. All these
2240 Additionally, there are wild-cards that you can use in the domain names
2241 themselves. These work similarly to shell globbing type wild-cards:
2242 <quote>*</quote> represents zero or more arbitrary characters (this is
2244 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions"><quote>Regular
2245 Expression</quote></ulink> based syntax of <quote>.*</quote>),
2246 <quote>?</quote> represents any single character (this is equivalent to the
2247 regular expression syntax of a simple <quote>.</quote>), and you can define
2248 <quote>character classes</quote> in square brackets which is similar to
2249 the same regular expression technique. All of this can be freely mixed:
2254 <term><literal>ad*.example.com</literal></term>
2257 matches <quote>adserver.example.com</quote>,
2258 <quote>ads.example.com</quote>, etc but not <quote>sfads.example.com</quote>
2263 <term><literal>*ad*.example.com</literal></term>
2266 matches all of the above, and then some.
2271 <term><literal>.?pix.com</literal></term>
2274 matches <literal>www.ipix.com</literal>,
2275 <literal>pictures.epix.com</literal>, <literal>a.b.c.d.e.upix.com</literal> etc.
2280 <term><literal>www[1-9a-ez].example.c*</literal></term>
2283 matches <literal>www1.example.com</literal>,
2284 <literal>www4.example.cc</literal>, <literal>wwwd.example.cy</literal>,
2285 <literal>wwwz.example.com</literal> etc., but <emphasis>not</emphasis>
2286 <literal>wwww.example.com</literal>.
2293 While flexible, this is not the sophistication of full regular expression based syntax.
2298 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
2301 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2302 <sect3 id="path-pattern"><title>The Path Pattern</title>
2305 <application>Privoxy</application> uses <quote>modern</quote> POSIX 1003.2
2306 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions"><quote>Regular
2307 Expressions</quote></ulink> for matching the path portion (after the slash),
2308 and is thus more flexible.
2312 There is an <link linkend="regex">Appendix</link> with a brief quick-start into regular
2313 expressions, you also might want to have a look at your operating system's documentation
2314 on regular expressions (try <literal>man re_format</literal>).
2318 Note that the path pattern is automatically left-anchored at the <quote>/</quote>,
2319 i.e. it matches as if it would start with a <quote>^</quote> (regular expression speak
2320 for the beginning of a line).
2324 Please also note that matching in the path is <emphasis>CASE INSENSITIVE</emphasis>
2325 by default, but you can switch to case sensitive at any point in the pattern by using the
2326 <quote>(?-i)</quote> switch: <literal>www.example.com/(?-i)PaTtErN.*</literal> will match
2327 only documents whose path starts with <literal>PaTtErN</literal> in
2328 <emphasis>exactly</emphasis> this capitalization.
2333 <term><literal>.example.com/.*</literal></term>
2336 Is equivalent to just <quote>.example.com</quote>, since any documents
2337 within that domain are matched with or without the <quote>.*</quote>
2338 regular expression. This is redundant
2343 <term><literal>.example.com/.*/index.html$</literal></term>
2346 Will match any page in the domain of <quote>example.com</quote> that is
2347 named <quote>index.html</quote>, and that is part of some path. For
2348 example, it matches <quote>www.example.com/testing/index.html</quote> but
2349 NOT <quote>www.example.com/index.html</quote> because the regular
2350 expression called for at least two <quote>/'s</quote>, thus the path
2351 requirement. It also would match
2352 <quote>www.example.com/testing/index_html</quote>, because of the
2353 special meta-character <quote>.</quote>.
2358 <term><literal>.example.com/(.*/)?index\.html$</literal></term>
2361 This regular expression is conditional so it will match any page
2362 named <quote>index.html</quote> regardless of path which in this case can
2363 have one or more <quote>/'s</quote>. And this one must contain exactly
2364 <quote>.html</quote> (and end with that!).
2369 <term><literal>.example.com/(.*/)(ads|banners?|junk)</literal></term>
2372 This regular expression will match any path of <quote>example.com</quote>
2373 that contains any of the words <quote>ads</quote>, <quote>banner</quote>,
2374 <quote>banners</quote> (because of the <quote>?</quote>) or <quote>junk</quote>.
2375 The path does not have to end in these words, just contain them.
2376 The path has to contain at least two slashes (including the one at the beginning).
2381 <term><literal>.example.com/(.*/)(ads|banners?|junk)/.*\.(jpe?g|gif|png)$</literal></term>
2384 This is very much the same as above, except now it must end in either
2385 <quote>.jpg</quote>, <quote>.jpeg</quote>, <quote>.gif</quote> or <quote>.png</quote>. So this
2386 one is limited to common image formats.
2393 There are many, many good examples to be found in <filename>default.action</filename>,
2394 and more tutorials below in <link linkend="regex">Appendix on regular expressions</link>.
2399 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
2402 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2403 <sect3 id="tag-pattern"><title>The Request Tag Pattern</title>
2406 Request tag patterns are used to change the applying actions based on the
2407 request's tags. Tags can be created based on HTTP headers with either
2408 the <link linkend="CLIENT-HEADER-TAGGER">client-header-tagger</link>
2409 or the <link linkend="SERVER-HEADER-TAGGER">server-header-tagger</link> action.
2413 Request tag patterns have to start with <quote>TAG:</quote>, so &my-app;
2414 can tell them apart from other patterns. Everything after the colon
2415 including white space, is interpreted as a regular expression with
2416 path pattern syntax, except that tag patterns aren't left-anchored
2417 automatically (&my-app; doesn't silently add a <quote>^</quote>,
2418 you have to do it yourself if you need it).
2422 To match all requests that are tagged with <quote>foo</quote>
2423 your pattern line should be <quote>TAG:^foo$</quote>,
2424 <quote>TAG:foo</quote> would work as well, but it would also
2425 match requests whose tags contain <quote>foo</quote> somewhere.
2426 <quote>TAG: foo</quote> wouldn't work as it requires white space.
2430 Sections can contain URL and request tag patterns at the same time,
2431 but request tag patterns are checked after the URL patterns and thus
2432 always overrule them, even if they are located before the URL patterns.
2436 Once a new request tag is added, Privoxy checks right away if it's matched by one
2437 of the request tag patterns and updates the action settings accordingly. As a result
2438 request tags can be used to activate other tagger actions, as long as these other
2439 taggers look for headers that haven't already be parsed.
2443 For example you could tag client requests which use the
2444 <literal>POST</literal> method,
2445 then use this tag to activate another tagger that adds a tag if cookies
2446 are sent, and then use a block action based on the cookie tag. This allows
2447 the outcome of one action, to be input into a subsequent action. However if
2448 you'd reverse the position of the described taggers, and activated the
2449 method tagger based on the cookie tagger, no method tags would be created.
2450 The method tagger would look for the request line, but at the time
2451 the cookie tag is created, the request line has already been parsed.
2455 While this is a limitation you should be aware of, this kind of
2456 indirection is seldom needed anyway and even the example doesn't
2457 make too much sense.
2462 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2463 <sect3 id="negative-tag-patterns"><title>The Negative Request Tag Patterns</title>
2466 To match requests that do not have a certain request tag, specify a negative tag pattern
2467 by prefixing the tag pattern line with either <quote>NO-REQUEST-TAG:</quote>
2468 or <quote>NO-RESPONSE-TAG:</quote> instead of <quote>TAG:</quote>.
2472 Negative request tag patterns created with <quote>NO-REQUEST-TAG:</quote> are checked
2473 after all client headers are scanned, the ones created with <quote>NO-RESPONSE-TAG:</quote>
2474 are checked after all server headers are scanned. In both cases all the created
2475 tags are considered.
2479 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2480 <sect3 id="client-tag-pattern"><title>The Client Tag Pattern</title>
2482 <!-- XXX: This section contains duplicates content from the
2483 client-specific-tag documentation. -->
2487 This is an experimental feature. The syntax is likely to change in future versions.
2492 Client tag patterns are not set based on HTTP headers but based on
2493 the client's IP address. Users can enable them themselves, but the
2494 Privoxy admin controls which tags are available and what their effect
2499 After a client-specific tag has been defined with the
2500 <link linkend="client-specific-tag">client-specific-tag</link>,
2501 directive, action sections can be activated based on the tag by using a
2502 CLIENT-TAG pattern. The CLIENT-TAG pattern is evaluated at the same priority
2503 as URL patterns, as a result the last matching pattern wins. Tags that
2504 are created based on client or server headers are evaluated later on
2505 and can overrule CLIENT-TAG and URL patterns!
2508 The tag is set for all requests that come from clients that requested
2509 it to be set. Note that "clients" are differentiated by IP address,
2510 if the IP address changes the tag has to be requested again.
2513 Clients can request tags to be set by using the CGI interface <ulink
2514 url="http://config.privoxy.org/client-tags">http://config.privoxy.org/client-tags</ulink>.
2522 # If the admin defined the client-specific-tag circumvent-blocks,
2523 # and the request comes from a client that previously requested
2524 # the tag to be set, overrule all previous +block actions that
2525 # are enabled based on URL to CLIENT-TAG patterns.
2527 CLIENT-TAG:^circumvent-blocks$
2529 # This section is not overruled because it's located after
2531 {+block{Nobody is supposed to request this.}}
2532 example.org/blocked-example-page</screen>
2538 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
2541 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2543 <sect2 id="actions">
2544 <title>Actions</title>
2546 All actions are disabled by default, until they are explicitly enabled
2547 somewhere in an actions file. Actions are turned on if preceded with a
2548 <quote>+</quote>, and turned off if preceded with a <quote>-</quote>. So a
2549 <literal>+action</literal> means <quote>do that action</quote>, e.g.
2550 <literal>+block</literal> means <quote>please block URLs that match the
2551 following patterns</quote>, and <literal>-block</literal> means <quote>don't
2552 block URLs that match the following patterns, even if <literal>+block</literal>
2553 previously applied.</quote>
2557 Again, actions are invoked by placing them on a line, enclosed in curly braces and
2558 separated by whitespace, like in
2559 <literal>{+some-action -some-other-action{some-parameter}}</literal>,
2560 followed by a list of URL patterns, one per line, to which they apply.
2561 Together, the actions line and the following pattern lines make up a section
2562 of the actions file.
2566 Actions fall into three categories:
2572 Boolean, i.e the action can only be <quote>enabled</quote> or
2573 <quote>disabled</quote>. Syntax:
2576 +<replaceable class="function">name</replaceable> # enable action <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
2577 -<replaceable class="function">name</replaceable> # disable action <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></screen>
2579 Example: <literal>+handle-as-image</literal>
2586 Parameterized, where some value is required in order to enable this type of action.
2590 +<replaceable class="function">name</replaceable>{<replaceable class="parameter">param</replaceable>} # enable action and set parameter to <replaceable class="parameter">param</replaceable>,
2591 # overwriting parameter from previous match if necessary
2592 -<replaceable class="function">name</replaceable> # disable action. The parameter can be omitted</screen>
2594 Note that if the URL matches multiple positive forms of a parameterized action,
2595 the last match wins, i.e. the params from earlier matches are simply ignored.
2598 Example: <literal>+hide-user-agent{Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; FreeBSD i386; en-US; rv:1.8.1.4) Gecko/20070602 Firefox/2.0.0.4}</literal>
2604 Multi-value. These look exactly like parameterized actions,
2605 but they behave differently: If the action applies multiple times to the
2606 same URL, but with different parameters, <emphasis>all</emphasis> the parameters
2607 from <emphasis>all</emphasis> matches are remembered. This is used for actions
2608 that can be executed for the same request repeatedly, like adding multiple
2609 headers, or filtering through multiple filters. Syntax:
2612 +<replaceable class="function">name</replaceable>{<replaceable class="parameter">param</replaceable>} # enable action and add <replaceable class="parameter">param</replaceable> to the list of parameters
2613 -<replaceable class="function">name</replaceable>{<replaceable class="parameter">param</replaceable>} # remove the parameter <replaceable class="parameter">param</replaceable> from the list of parameters
2614 # If it was the last one left, disable the action.
2615 <replaceable class="parameter">-name</replaceable> # disable this action completely and remove all parameters from the list</screen>
2617 Examples: <literal>+add-header{X-Fun-Header: Some text}</literal> and
2618 <literal>+filter{html-annoyances}</literal>
2625 If nothing is specified in any actions file, no <quote>actions</quote> are
2626 taken. So in this case <application>Privoxy</application> would just be a
2627 normal, non-blocking, non-filtering proxy. You must specifically enable the
2628 privacy and blocking features you need (although the provided default actions
2629 files will give a good starting point).
2633 Later defined action sections always over-ride earlier ones of the same type.
2634 So exceptions to any rules you make, should come in the latter part of the file (or
2635 in a file that is processed later when using multiple actions files such
2636 as <filename>user.action</filename>). For multi-valued actions, the actions
2637 are applied in the order they are specified. Actions files are processed in
2638 the order they are defined in <filename>config</filename> (the default
2639 installation has three actions files). It also quite possible for any given
2640 URL to match more than one <quote>pattern</quote> (because of wildcards and
2641 regular expressions), and thus to trigger more than one set of actions! Last
2645 <!-- start actions listing -->
2647 The list of valid <application>Privoxy</application> actions are:
2651 <!-- ********************************************************** -->
2652 <!-- Please note the below defined actions use id's that are -->
2653 <!-- probably linked from other places, so please don't change. -->
2655 <!-- ********************************************************** -->
2658 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2660 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="add-header">
2661 <title>add-header</title>
2665 <term>Typical use:</term>
2667 <para>Confuse log analysis, custom applications</para>
2672 <term>Effect:</term>
2675 Sends a user defined HTTP header to the web server.
2682 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
2684 <para>Multi-value.</para>
2689 <term>Parameter:</term>
2692 Any string value is possible. Validity of the defined HTTP headers is not checked.
2693 It is recommended that you use the <quote><literal>X-</literal></quote> prefix
2703 This action may be specified multiple times, in order to define multiple
2704 headers. This is rarely needed for the typical user. If you don't know what
2705 <quote>HTTP headers</quote> are, you definitely don't need to worry about this
2709 Headers added by this action are not modified by other actions.
2715 <term>Example usage:</term>
2717 <screen># Add a DNT ("Do not track") header to all requests,
2718 # event to those that already have one.
2720 # This is just an example, not a recommendation.
2722 # There is no reason to believe that user-tracking websites care
2723 # about the DNT header and depending on the User-Agent, adding the
2724 # header may make user-tracking easier.
2725 {+add-header{DNT: 1}}
2733 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2734 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="block">
2735 <title>block</title>
2739 <term>Typical use:</term>
2741 <para>Block ads or other unwanted content</para>
2746 <term>Effect:</term>
2749 Requests for URLs to which this action applies are blocked, i.e. the
2750 requests are trapped by &my-app; and the requested URL is never retrieved,
2751 but is answered locally with a substitute page or image, as determined by
2753 linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal>,
2755 linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link></literal>, and
2757 linkend="handle-as-empty-document">handle-as-empty-document</link></literal> actions.
2765 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
2767 <para>Parameterized.</para>
2772 <term>Parameter:</term>
2774 <para>A block reason that should be given to the user.</para>
2782 <application>Privoxy</application> sends a special <quote>BLOCKED</quote> page
2783 for requests to blocked pages. This page contains the block reason given as
2784 parameter, a link to find out why the block action applies, and a click-through
2785 to the blocked content (the latter only if the force feature is available and
2789 A very important exception occurs if <emphasis>both</emphasis>
2790 <literal>block</literal> and <literal><link linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal>,
2791 apply to the same request: it will then be replaced by an image. If
2792 <literal><link linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link></literal>
2793 (see below) also applies, the type of image will be determined by its parameter,
2794 if not, the standard checkerboard pattern is sent.
2797 It is important to understand this process, in order
2798 to understand how <application>Privoxy</application> deals with
2799 ads and other unwanted content. Blocking is a core feature, and one
2800 upon which various other features depend.
2803 The <literal><link linkend="filter">filter</link></literal>
2804 action can perform a very similar task, by <quote>blocking</quote>
2805 banner images and other content through rewriting the relevant URLs in the
2806 document's HTML source, so they don't get requested in the first place.
2807 Note that this is a totally different technique, and it's easy to confuse the two.
2813 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
2815 <screen>{+block{No nasty stuff for you.}}
2816 # Block and replace with "blocked" page
2817 .nasty-stuff.example.com
2819 {+block{Doubleclick banners.} +handle-as-image}
2820 # Block and replace with image
2824 {+block{Layered ads.} +handle-as-empty-document}
2825 # Block and then ignore
2826 adserver.example.net/.*\.js$</screen>
2835 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2836 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="change-x-forwarded-for">
2837 <title>change-x-forwarded-for</title>
2841 <term>Typical use:</term>
2843 <para>Improve privacy by not forwarding the source of the request in the HTTP headers.</para>
2848 <term>Effect:</term>
2851 Deletes the <quote>X-Forwarded-For:</quote> HTTP header from the client request,
2859 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
2861 <para>Parameterized.</para>
2866 <term>Parameter:</term>
2870 <para><quote>block</quote> to delete the header.</para>
2874 <quote>add</quote> to create the header (or append
2875 the client's IP address to an already existing one).
2886 It is safe and recommended to use <literal>block</literal>.
2889 Forwarding the source address of the request may make
2890 sense in some multi-user setups but is also a privacy risk.
2895 <term>Example usage:</term>
2897 <screen>+change-x-forwarded-for{block}</screen>
2903 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2904 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="client-header-filter">
2905 <title>client-header-filter</title>
2909 <term>Typical use:</term>
2912 Rewrite or remove single client headers.
2918 <term>Effect:</term>
2921 All client headers to which this action applies are filtered on-the-fly through
2922 the specified regular expression based substitutions.
2929 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
2931 <para>Multi-value.</para>
2936 <term>Parameter:</term>
2939 The name of a client-header filter, as defined in one of the
2940 <link linkend="filter-file">filter files</link>.
2949 Client-header filters are applied to each header on its own, not to
2950 all at once. This makes it easier to diagnose problems, but on the downside
2951 you can't write filters that only change header x if header y's value is z.
2952 You can do that by using tags though.
2955 Client-header filters are executed after the other header actions have finished
2956 and use their output as input.
2959 If the request URI gets changed, &my-app; will detect that and use the new
2960 one. This can be used to rewrite the request destination behind the client's
2961 back, for example to specify a Tor exit relay for certain requests.
2964 Please refer to the <link linkend="filter-file">filter file chapter</link>
2965 to learn which client-header filters are available by default, and how to
2973 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
2976 # Hide Tor exit notation in Host and Referer Headers
2977 {+client-header-filter{hide-tor-exit-notation}}
2987 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
2988 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="client-header-tagger">
2989 <title>client-header-tagger</title>
2993 <term>Typical use:</term>
2996 Block requests based on their headers.
3002 <term>Effect:</term>
3005 Client headers to which this action applies are filtered on-the-fly through
3006 the specified regular expression based substitutions, the result is used as
3014 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
3016 <para>Multi-value.</para>
3021 <term>Parameter:</term>
3024 The name of a client-header tagger, as defined in one of the
3025 <link linkend="filter-file">filter files</link>.
3034 Client-header taggers are applied to each header on its own,
3035 and as the header isn't modified, each tagger <quote>sees</quote>
3039 Client-header taggers are the first actions that are executed
3040 and their tags can be used to control every other action.
3046 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
3049 # Tag every request with the User-Agent header
3050 {+client-header-tagger{user-agent}}
3053 # Tagging itself doesn't change the action
3054 # settings, sections with TAG patterns do:
3056 # If it's a download agent, use a different forwarding proxy,
3057 # show the real User-Agent and make sure resume works.
3058 {+forward-override{forward-socks5 10.0.0.2:2222 .} \
3059 -hide-if-modified-since \
3060 -overwrite-last-modified \
3065 TAG:^User-Agent: NetBSD-ftp/
3066 TAG:^User-Agent: Novell ZYPP Installer
3067 TAG:^User-Agent: RPM APT-HTTP/
3068 TAG:^User-Agent: fetch libfetch/
3069 TAG:^User-Agent: Ubuntu APT-HTTP/
3070 TAG:^User-Agent: MPlayer/
3074 # Tag all requests with the Range header set
3075 {+client-header-tagger{range-requests}}
3078 # Disable filtering for the tagged requests.
3080 # With filtering enabled Privoxy would remove the Range headers
3081 # to be able to filter the whole response. The downside is that
3082 # it prevents clients from resuming downloads or skipping over
3083 # parts of multimedia files.
3084 {-filter -deanimate-gifs}
3089 # Tag all requests with the client IP address
3091 # (Technically the client IP address isn't included in the
3092 # client headers but client-header taggers can set it anyway.
3093 # For details see the tagger in default.filter)
3094 {+client-header-tagger{client-ip-address}}
3097 # Change forwarding settings for requests coming from address 10.0.0.1
3098 {+forward-override{forward-socks5 127.0.1.2:2222 .}}
3099 TAG:^IP-ADDRESS: 10\.0\.0\.1$
3108 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3109 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="content-type-overwrite">
3110 <title>content-type-overwrite</title>
3114 <term>Typical use:</term>
3116 <para>Stop useless download menus from popping up, or change the browser's rendering mode</para>
3121 <term>Effect:</term>
3124 Replaces the <quote>Content-Type:</quote> HTTP server header.
3131 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
3133 <para>Parameterized.</para>
3138 <term>Parameter:</term>
3150 The <quote>Content-Type:</quote> HTTP server header is used by the
3151 browser to decide what to do with the document. The value of this
3152 header can cause the browser to open a download menu instead of
3153 displaying the document by itself, even if the document's format is
3154 supported by the browser.
3157 The declared content type can also affect which rendering mode
3158 the browser chooses. If XHTML is delivered as <quote>text/html</quote>,
3159 many browsers treat it as yet another broken HTML document.
3160 If it is send as <quote>application/xml</quote>, browsers with
3161 XHTML support will only display it, if the syntax is correct.
3164 If you see a web site that proudly uses XHTML buttons, but sets
3165 <quote>Content-Type: text/html</quote>, you can use &my-app;
3166 to overwrite it with <quote>application/xml</quote> and validate
3167 the web master's claim inside your XHTML-supporting browser.
3168 If the syntax is incorrect, the browser will complain loudly.
3171 You can also go the opposite direction: if your browser prints
3172 error messages instead of rendering a document falsely declared
3173 as XHTML, you can overwrite the content type with
3174 <quote>text/html</quote> and have it rendered as broken HTML document.
3177 By default <literal>content-type-overwrite</literal> only replaces
3178 <quote>Content-Type:</quote> headers that look like some kind of text.
3179 If you want to overwrite it unconditionally, you have to combine it with
3180 <literal><link linkend="force-text-mode">force-text-mode</link></literal>.
3181 This limitation exists for a reason, think twice before circumventing it.
3184 Most of the time it's easier to replace this action with a custom
3185 <literal><link linkend="server-header-filter">server-header filter</link></literal>.
3186 It allows you to activate it for every document of a certain site and it will still
3187 only replace the content types you aimed at.
3190 Of course you can apply <literal>content-type-overwrite</literal>
3191 to a whole site and then make URL based exceptions, but it's a lot
3192 more work to get the same precision.
3198 <term>Example usage (sections):</term>
3200 <screen># Check if www.example.net/ really uses valid XHTML
3201 { +content-type-overwrite{application/xml} }
3204 # but leave the content type unmodified if the URL looks like a style sheet
3205 {-content-type-overwrite}
3206 www.example.net/.*\.css$
3207 www.example.net/.*style
3215 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3216 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="crunch-client-header">
3220 <title>crunch-client-header</title>
3224 <term>Typical use:</term>
3226 <para>Remove a client header <application>Privoxy</application> has no dedicated action for.</para>
3231 <term>Effect:</term>
3234 Deletes every header sent by the client that contains the string the user supplied as parameter.
3241 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
3243 <para>Parameterized.</para>
3248 <term>Parameter:</term>
3260 This action allows you to block client headers for which no dedicated
3261 <application>Privoxy</application> action exists.
3262 <application>Privoxy</application> will remove every client header that
3263 contains the string you supplied as parameter.
3266 Regular expressions are <emphasis>not supported</emphasis> and you can't
3267 use this action to block different headers in the same request, unless
3268 they contain the same string.
3271 <literal>crunch-client-header</literal> is only meant for quick tests.
3272 If you have to block several different headers, or only want to modify
3273 parts of them, you should use a
3274 <literal><link linkend="client-header-filter">client-header filter</link></literal>.
3278 Don't block any header without understanding the consequences.
3285 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
3287 <screen># Block the non-existent "Privacy-Violation:" client header
3288 { +crunch-client-header{Privacy-Violation:} }
3297 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3298 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="crunch-if-none-match">
3299 <title>crunch-if-none-match</title>
3305 <term>Typical use:</term>
3307 <para>Prevent yet another way to track the user's steps between sessions.</para>
3312 <term>Effect:</term>
3315 Deletes the <quote>If-None-Match:</quote> HTTP client header.
3322 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
3324 <para>Boolean.</para>
3329 <term>Parameter:</term>
3341 Removing the <quote>If-None-Match:</quote> HTTP client header
3342 is useful for filter testing, where you want to force a real
3343 reload instead of getting status code <quote>304</quote> which
3344 would cause the browser to use a cached copy of the page.
3347 It is also useful to make sure the header isn't used as a cookie
3348 replacement (unlikely but possible).
3351 Blocking the <quote>If-None-Match:</quote> header shouldn't cause any
3352 caching problems, as long as the <quote>If-Modified-Since:</quote> header
3353 isn't blocked or missing as well.
3356 It is recommended to use this action together with
3357 <literal><link linkend="hide-if-modified-since">hide-if-modified-since</link></literal>
3359 <literal><link linkend="overwrite-last-modified">overwrite-last-modified</link></literal>.
3365 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
3367 <screen># Let the browser revalidate cached documents but don't
3368 # allow the server to use the revalidation headers for user tracking.
3369 {+hide-if-modified-since{-60} \
3370 +overwrite-last-modified{randomize} \
3371 +crunch-if-none-match}
3380 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3381 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="crunch-incoming-cookies">
3382 <title>crunch-incoming-cookies</title>
3386 <term>Typical use:</term>
3389 Prevent the web server from setting HTTP cookies on your system
3395 <term>Effect:</term>
3398 Deletes any <quote>Set-Cookie:</quote> HTTP headers from server replies.
3405 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
3407 <para>Boolean.</para>
3412 <term>Parameter:</term>
3424 This action is only concerned with <emphasis>incoming</emphasis> HTTP cookies. For
3425 <emphasis>outgoing</emphasis> HTTP cookies, use
3426 <literal><link linkend="crunch-outgoing-cookies">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link></literal>.
3427 Use <emphasis>both</emphasis> to disable HTTP cookies completely.
3430 It makes <emphasis>no sense at all</emphasis> to use this action in conjunction
3431 with the <literal><link linkend="session-cookies-only">session-cookies-only</link></literal> action,
3432 since it would prevent the session cookies from being set. See also
3433 <literal><link linkend="filter-content-cookies">filter-content-cookies</link></literal>.
3439 <term>Example usage:</term>
3441 <screen>+crunch-incoming-cookies</screen>
3448 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3449 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="crunch-server-header">
3450 <title>crunch-server-header</title>
3456 <term>Typical use:</term>
3458 <para>Remove a server header <application>Privoxy</application> has no dedicated action for.</para>
3463 <term>Effect:</term>
3466 Deletes every header sent by the server that contains the string the user supplied as parameter.
3473 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
3475 <para>Parameterized.</para>
3480 <term>Parameter:</term>
3492 This action allows you to block server headers for which no dedicated
3493 <application>Privoxy</application> action exists. <application>Privoxy</application>
3494 will remove every server header that contains the string you supplied as parameter.
3497 Regular expressions are <emphasis>not supported</emphasis> and you can't
3498 use this action to block different headers in the same request, unless
3499 they contain the same string.
3502 <literal>crunch-server-header</literal> is only meant for quick tests.
3503 If you have to block several different headers, or only want to modify
3504 parts of them, you should use a custom
3505 <literal><link linkend="server-header-filter">server-header filter</link></literal>.
3509 Don't block any header without understanding the consequences.
3516 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
3518 <screen># Crunch server headers that try to prevent caching
3519 { +crunch-server-header{no-cache} }
3528 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3529 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="crunch-outgoing-cookies">
3530 <title>crunch-outgoing-cookies</title>
3534 <term>Typical use:</term>
3537 Prevent the web server from reading any HTTP cookies from your system
3543 <term>Effect:</term>
3546 Deletes any <quote>Cookie:</quote> HTTP headers from client requests.
3553 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
3555 <para>Boolean.</para>
3560 <term>Parameter:</term>
3572 This action is only concerned with <emphasis>outgoing</emphasis> HTTP cookies. For
3573 <emphasis>incoming</emphasis> HTTP cookies, use
3574 <literal><link linkend="crunch-incoming-cookies">crunch-incoming-cookies</link></literal>.
3575 Use <emphasis>both</emphasis> to disable HTTP cookies completely.
3578 It makes <emphasis>no sense at all</emphasis> to use this action in conjunction
3579 with the <literal><link linkend="session-cookies-only">session-cookies-only</link></literal> action,
3580 since it would prevent the session cookies from being read.
3586 <term>Example usage:</term>
3588 <screen>+crunch-outgoing-cookies</screen>
3596 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3597 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="deanimate-gifs">
3598 <title>deanimate-gifs</title>
3602 <term>Typical use:</term>
3604 <para>Stop those annoying, distracting animated GIF images.</para>
3609 <term>Effect:</term>
3612 De-animate GIF animations, i.e. reduce them to their first or last image.
3619 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
3621 <para>Parameterized.</para>
3626 <term>Parameter:</term>
3629 <quote>last</quote> or <quote>first</quote>
3638 This will also shrink the images considerably (in bytes, not pixels!). If
3639 the option <quote>first</quote> is given, the first frame of the animation
3640 is used as the replacement. If <quote>last</quote> is given, the last
3641 frame of the animation is used instead, which probably makes more sense for
3642 most banner animations, but also has the risk of not showing the entire
3643 last frame (if it is only a delta to an earlier frame).
3646 You can safely use this action with patterns that will also match non-GIF
3647 objects, because no attempt will be made at anything that doesn't look like
3654 <term>Example usage:</term>
3656 <screen>+deanimate-gifs{last}</screen>
3663 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3664 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="delay-response">
3665 <title>delay-response</title>
3669 <term>Typical use:</term>
3671 <para>Delay responses to the client to reduce the load</para>
3676 <term>Effect:</term>
3679 Delays responses to the client by sending the response in ca. 10 byte chunks.
3686 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
3688 <para>Parameterized.</para>
3693 <term>Parameter:</term>
3696 <quote>Number of milliseconds</quote>
3705 Sometimes when JavaScript code is used to fetch advertisements
3706 it doesn't respect Privoxy's blocks and retries to fetch the
3707 same resource again causing unnecessary load on the client.
3710 This action delays responses to the client and can be combined
3711 with <literal><link linkend="block">blocks</link></literal>
3712 to slow down the JavaScript code, thus reducing
3713 the load on the client.
3716 When used without <literal><link linkend="block">blocks</link></literal>
3717 the action can also be used to simulate a slow internet connection.
3723 <term>Example usage:</term>
3725 <screen>+delay-response{100}</screen>
3732 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3733 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="downgrade-http-version">
3734 <title>downgrade-http-version</title>
3738 <term>Typical use:</term>
3740 <para>Work around (very rare) problems with HTTP/1.1</para>
3745 <term>Effect:</term>
3748 Downgrades HTTP/1.1 client requests and server replies to HTTP/1.0.
3755 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
3757 <para>Boolean.</para>
3762 <term>Parameter:</term>
3774 This is a left-over from the time when <application>Privoxy</application>
3775 didn't support important HTTP/1.1 features well. It is left here for the
3776 unlikely case that you experience HTTP/1.1-related problems with some server
3780 Note that enabling this action is only a workaround. It should not
3781 be enabled for sites that work without it. While it shouldn't break
3782 any pages, it has an (usually negative) performance impact.
3785 If you come across a site where enabling this action helps, please report it,
3786 so the cause of the problem can be analyzed. If the problem turns out to be
3787 caused by a bug in <application>Privoxy</application> it should be
3788 fixed so the following release works without the work around.
3794 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
3796 <screen>{+downgrade-http-version}
3797 problem-host.example.com</screen>
3805 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3806 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="enable-https-filtering">
3807 <title>enable-https-filtering</title>
3811 <term>Typical use:</term>
3813 <para>Filter encrypted requests and responses</para>
3818 <term>Effect:</term>
3821 Encrypted requests are decrypted, filtered and forwarded encrypted.
3828 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
3830 <para>Boolean.</para>
3835 <term>Parameter:</term>
3847 This action allows &my-app; to filter encrypted requests and responses.
3848 For this to work &my-app; has to generate a certificate and send it
3849 to the client which has to accept it.
3852 Before this works the directives in the
3853 <link linkend="config#TLS">TLS section of the config</link>
3854 file have to be configured.
3860 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
3862 <screen>{+enable-https-filtering}
3863 www.example.com</screen>
3870 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3871 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="external-filter">
3872 <title>external-filter</title>
3876 <term>Typical use:</term>
3878 <para>Modify content using a programming language of your choice.</para>
3883 <term>Effect:</term>
3886 All instances of text-based type, most notably HTML and JavaScript, to which
3887 this action applies, can be filtered on-the-fly through the specified external
3889 By default plain text documents are exempted from filtering, because web
3890 servers often use the <literal>text/plain</literal> MIME type for all files
3891 whose type they don't know.)
3898 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
3900 <para>Multi-value.</para>
3905 <term>Parameter:</term>
3908 The name of an external content filter, as defined in the
3909 <link linkend="filter-file">filter file</link>.
3910 External filters can be defined in one or more files as defined by the
3911 <literal><link linkend="filterfile">filterfile</link></literal>
3912 option in the <link linkend="config">config file</link>.
3915 When used in its negative form,
3916 and without parameters, <emphasis>all</emphasis> filtering with external
3917 filters is completely disabled.
3926 External filters are scripts or programs that can modify the content in
3927 case common <literal><link linkend="filter">filters</link></literal>
3928 aren't powerful enough. With the exception that this action doesn't
3929 use pcrs-based filters, the notes in the
3930 <literal><link linkend="filter">filter</link></literal> section apply.
3934 Currently external filters are executed with &my-app;'s privileges.
3935 Only use external filters you understand and trust.
3939 This feature is experimental, the <literal><link
3940 linkend="external-filter-syntax">syntax</link></literal>
3941 may change in the future.
3948 <term>Example usage:</term>
3950 <screen>+external-filter{fancy-filter}</screen>
3956 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
3957 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="fast-redirects">
3958 <title>fast-redirects</title>
3962 <term>Typical use:</term>
3964 <para>Fool some click-tracking scripts and speed up indirect links.</para>
3969 <term>Effect:</term>
3972 Detects redirection URLs and redirects the browser without contacting
3973 the redirection server first.
3980 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
3982 <para>Parameterized.</para>
3987 <term>Parameter:</term>
3992 <quote>simple-check</quote> to just search for the string <quote>http://</quote>
3993 to detect redirection URLs.
3998 <quote>check-decoded-url</quote> to decode URLs (if necessary) before searching
3999 for redirection URLs.
4010 Many sites, like yahoo.com, don't just link to other sites. Instead, they
4011 will link to some script on their own servers, giving the destination as a
4012 parameter, which will then redirect you to the final target. URLs
4013 resulting from this scheme typically look like:
4014 <quote>http://www.example.org/click-tracker.cgi?target=http%3a//www.example.net/</quote>.
4017 Sometimes, there are even multiple consecutive redirects encoded in the
4018 URL. These redirections via scripts make your web browsing more traceable,
4019 since the server from which you follow such a link can see where you go
4020 to. Apart from that, valuable bandwidth and time is wasted, while your
4021 browser asks the server for one redirect after the other. Plus, it feeds
4025 This feature is currently not very smart and is scheduled for improvement.
4026 If it is enabled by default, you will have to create some exceptions to
4027 this action. It can lead to failures in several ways:
4030 Not every URLs with other URLs as parameters is evil.
4031 Some sites offer a real service that requires this information to work.
4032 For example a validation service needs to know, which document to validate.
4033 <literal>fast-redirects</literal> assumes that every URL parameter that
4034 looks like another URL is a redirection target, and will always redirect to
4035 the last one. Most of the time the assumption is correct, but if it isn't,
4036 the user gets redirected anyway.
4039 Another failure occurs if the URL contains other parameters after the URL parameter.
4041 <quote>http://www.example.org/?redirect=http%3a//www.example.net/&foo=bar</quote>.
4042 contains the redirection URL <quote>http://www.example.net/</quote>,
4043 followed by another parameter. <literal>fast-redirects</literal> doesn't know that
4044 and will cause a redirect to <quote>http://www.example.net/&foo=bar</quote>.
4045 Depending on the target server configuration, the parameter will be silently ignored
4046 or lead to a <quote>page not found</quote> error. You can prevent this problem by
4047 first using the <literal><link linkend="redirect">redirect</link></literal> action
4048 to remove the last part of the URL, but it requires a little effort.
4051 To detect a redirection URL, <literal>fast-redirects</literal> only
4052 looks for the string <quote>http://</quote>, either in plain text
4053 (invalid but often used) or encoded as <quote>http%3a//</quote>.
4054 Some sites use their own URL encoding scheme, encrypt the address
4055 of the target server or replace it with a database id. In theses cases
4056 <literal>fast-redirects</literal> is fooled and the request reaches the
4057 redirection server where it probably gets logged.
4063 <term>Example usage:</term>
4066 { +fast-redirects{simple-check} }
4069 { +fast-redirects{check-decoded-url} }
4070 another.example.com/testing</screen>
4078 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4079 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="filter">
4080 <title>filter</title>
4084 <term>Typical use:</term>
4086 <para>Get rid of HTML and JavaScript annoyances, banner advertisements (by size),
4087 do fun text replacements, add personalized effects, etc.</para>
4092 <term>Effect:</term>
4095 All instances of text-based type, most notably HTML and JavaScript, to which
4096 this action applies, can be filtered on-the-fly through the specified regular
4097 expression based substitutions. (Note: as of version 3.0.3 plain text documents
4098 are exempted from filtering, because web servers often use the
4099 <literal>text/plain</literal> MIME type for all files whose type they don't know.)
4106 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
4108 <para>Multi-value.</para>
4113 <term>Parameter:</term>
4116 The name of a content filter, as defined in the <link linkend="filter-file">filter file</link>.
4117 Filters can be defined in one or more files as defined by the
4118 <literal><link linkend="filterfile">filterfile</link></literal>
4119 option in the <link linkend="config">config file</link>.
4120 <filename>default.filter</filename> is the collection of filters
4121 supplied by the developers. Locally defined filters should go
4122 in their own file, such as <filename>user.filter</filename>.
4125 When used in its negative form,
4126 and without parameters, <emphasis>all</emphasis> filtering is completely disabled.
4135 For your convenience, there are a number of pre-defined filters available
4136 in the distribution filter file that you can use. See the examples below for
4140 Filtering requires buffering the page content, which may appear to
4141 slow down page rendering since nothing is displayed until all content has
4142 passed the filters. (The total time until the page is completely rendered
4143 doesn't change much, but it may be perceived as slower since the page is
4144 not incrementally displayed.)
4145 This effect will be more noticeable on slower connections.
4148 <quote>Rolling your own</quote>
4149 filters requires a knowledge of
4150 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions"><quote>Regular
4151 Expressions</quote></ulink> and
4152 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Html"><quote>HTML</quote></ulink>.
4153 This is very powerful feature, and potentially very intrusive.
4154 Filters should be used with caution, and where an equivalent
4155 <quote>action</quote> is not available.
4158 The amount of data that can be filtered is limited to the
4159 <literal><link linkend="buffer-limit">buffer-limit</link></literal>
4160 option in the main <link linkend="config">config file</link>. The
4161 default is 4096 KB (4 Megs). Once this limit is exceeded, the buffered
4162 data, and all pending data, is passed through unfiltered.
4165 Inappropriate MIME types, such as zipped files, are not filtered at all.
4166 (Again, only text-based types except plain text). Encrypted SSL data
4167 (from HTTPS servers) cannot be filtered either, since this would violate
4168 the integrity of the secure transaction. In some situations it might
4169 be necessary to protect certain text, like source code, from filtering
4170 by defining appropriate <literal>-filter</literal> exceptions.
4173 Compressed content can't be filtered either, but if &my-app;
4174 is compiled with zlib support and a supported compression algorithm
4175 is used (gzip or deflate), &my-app; can first decompress the content
4179 If you use a &my-app; version without zlib support, but want filtering to work on
4180 as much documents as possible, even those that would normally be sent compressed,
4181 you must use the <literal><link linkend="prevent-compression">prevent-compression</link></literal>
4182 action in conjunction with <literal>filter</literal>.
4185 Content filtering can achieve some of the same effects as the
4186 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal>
4187 action, i.e. it can be used to block ads and banners. But the mechanism
4188 works quite differently. One effective use, is to block ad banners
4189 based on their size (see below), since many of these seem to be somewhat
4193 <link linkend="contact">Feedback</link> with suggestions for new or
4194 improved filters is particularly welcome!
4197 The below list has only the names and a one-line description of each
4198 predefined filter. There are <link linkend="predefined-filters">more
4199 verbose explanations</link> of what these filters do in the <link
4200 linkend="filter-file">filter file chapter</link>.
4206 <term>Example usage (with filters from the distribution <filename>default.filter</filename> file).
4207 See <link linkend="PREDEFINED-FILTERS">the Predefined Filters section</link> for
4208 more explanation on each:</term>
4211 <anchor id="filter-js-annoyances">
4213 <screen>+filter{js-annoyances} # Get rid of particularly annoying JavaScript abuse.</screen>
4215 <anchor id="filter-js-events">
4217 <screen>+filter{js-events} # Kill JavaScript event bindings and timers (Radically destructive! Only for extra nasty sites).</screen>
4219 <anchor id="filter-html-annoyances">
4221 <screen>+filter{html-annoyances} # Get rid of particularly annoying HTML abuse.</screen>
4223 <anchor id="filter-content-cookies">
4225 <screen>+filter{content-cookies} # Kill cookies that come in the HTML or JS content.</screen>
4227 <anchor id="filter-refresh-tags">
4229 <screen>+filter{refresh-tags} # Kill automatic refresh tags if refresh time is larger than 9 seconds.</screen>
4231 <anchor id="filter-unsolicited-popups">
4233 <screen>+filter{unsolicited-popups} # Disable only unsolicited pop-up windows.</screen>
4235 <anchor id="filter-all-popups">
4237 <screen>+filter{all-popups} # Kill all popups in JavaScript and HTML.</screen>
4239 <anchor id="filter-img-reorder">
4241 <screen>+filter{img-reorder} # Reorder attributes in <img> tags to make the banners-by-* filters more effective.</screen>
4243 <anchor id="filter-banners-by-size">
4245 <screen>+filter{banners-by-size} # Kill banners by size.</screen>
4247 <anchor id="filter-banners-by-link">
4249 <screen>+filter{banners-by-link} # Kill banners by their links to known clicktrackers.</screen>
4251 <anchor id="filter-webbugs">
4253 <screen>+filter{webbugs} # Squish WebBugs (1x1 invisible GIFs used for user tracking).</screen>
4255 <anchor id="filter-tiny-textforms">
4257 <screen>+filter{tiny-textforms} # Extend those tiny textareas up to 40x80 and kill the hard wrap.</screen>
4259 <anchor id="filter-jumping-windows">
4261 <screen>+filter{jumping-windows} # Prevent windows from resizing and moving themselves.</screen>
4263 <anchor id="filter-frameset-borders">
4265 <screen>+filter{frameset-borders} # Give frames a border and make them resizable.</screen>
4267 <anchor id="filter-iframes">
4269 <screen>+filter{iframes} # Removes all detected iframes. Should only be enabled for individual sites.</screen>
4271 <anchor id="filter-demoronizer">
4273 <screen>+filter{demoronizer} # Fix MS's non-standard use of standard charsets.</screen>
4275 <anchor id="filter-shockwave-flash">
4277 <screen>+filter{shockwave-flash} # Kill embedded Shockwave Flash objects.</screen>
4279 <anchor id="filter-quicktime-kioskmode">
4281 <screen>+filter{quicktime-kioskmode} # Make Quicktime movies saveable.</screen>
4283 <anchor id="filter-fun">
4285 <screen>+filter{fun} # Text replacements for subversive browsing fun!</screen>
4287 <anchor id="filter-crude-parental">
4289 <screen>+filter{crude-parental} # Crude parental filtering. Note that this filter doesn't work reliably.</screen>
4291 <anchor id="filter-ie-exploits">
4293 <screen>+filter{ie-exploits} # Disable some known Internet Explorer bug exploits.</screen>
4295 <anchor id="filter-site-specifics">
4297 <screen>+filter{site-specifics} # Cure for site-specific problems. Don't apply generally!</screen>
4299 <anchor id="filter-no-ping">
4301 <screen>+filter{no-ping} # Removes non-standard ping attributes in <a> and <area> tags.</screen>
4303 <anchor id="filter-google">
4305 <screen>+filter{google} # CSS-based block for Google text ads. Also removes a width limitation and the toolbar advertisement.</screen>
4307 <anchor id="filter-yahoo">
4309 <screen>+filter{yahoo} # CSS-based block for Yahoo text ads. Also removes a width limitation.</screen>
4311 <anchor id="filter-msn">
4313 <screen>+filter{msn} # CSS-based block for MSN text ads. Also removes tracking URLs and a width limitation.</screen>
4315 <anchor id="filter-blogspot">
4317 <screen>+filter{blogspot} # Cleans up some Blogspot blogs. Read the fine print before using this.</screen>
4324 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4325 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="force-text-mode">
4326 <title>force-text-mode</title>
4332 <term>Typical use:</term>
4334 <para>Force <application>Privoxy</application> to treat a document as if it was in some kind of <emphasis>text</emphasis> format. </para>
4339 <term>Effect:</term>
4342 Declares a document as text, even if the <quote>Content-Type:</quote> isn't detected as such.
4349 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4351 <para>Boolean.</para>
4356 <term>Parameter:</term>
4368 As explained <literal><link linkend="filter">above</link></literal>,
4369 <application>Privoxy</application> tries to only filter files that are
4370 in some kind of text format. The same restrictions apply to
4371 <literal><link linkend="content-type-overwrite">content-type-overwrite</link></literal>.
4372 <literal>force-text-mode</literal> declares a document as text,
4373 without looking at the <quote>Content-Type:</quote> first.
4377 Think twice before activating this action. Filtering binary data
4378 with regular expressions can cause file damage.
4385 <term>Example usage:</term>
4396 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4397 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="forward-override">
4398 <title>forward-override</title>
4404 <term>Typical use:</term>
4406 <para>Change the forwarding settings based on User-Agent or request origin</para>
4411 <term>Effect:</term>
4414 Overrules the forward directives in the configuration file.
4421 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4423 <para>Parameterized.</para>
4428 <term>Parameter:</term>
4432 <para><quote>forward .</quote> to use a direct connection without any additional proxies.</para>
4436 <quote>forward 127.0.0.1:8123</quote> to use the HTTP proxy listening at 127.0.0.1 port 8123.
4441 <quote>forward-socks4a 127.0.0.1:9050 .</quote> to use the socks4a proxy listening at
4442 127.0.0.1 port 9050. Replace <quote>forward-socks4a</quote> with <quote>forward-socks4</quote>
4443 to use a socks4 connection (with local DNS resolution) instead, use <quote>forward-socks5</quote>
4444 for socks5 connections (with remote DNS resolution).
4449 <quote>forward-socks4a 127.0.0.1:9050 proxy.example.org:8000</quote> to use the socks4a proxy
4450 listening at 127.0.0.1 port 9050 to reach the HTTP proxy listening at proxy.example.org port 8000.
4451 Replace <quote>forward-socks4a</quote> with <quote>forward-socks4</quote> to use a socks4 connection
4452 (with local DNS resolution) instead, use <quote>forward-socks5</quote>
4453 for socks5 connections (with remote DNS resolution).
4458 <quote>forward-webserver 127.0.0.1:80</quote> to use the HTTP
4459 server listening at 127.0.0.1 port 80 without adjusting the
4463 This makes it more convenient to use Privoxy to make
4464 existing websites available as onion services as well.
4467 Many websites serve content with hardcoded URLs and
4468 can't be easily adjusted to change the domain based
4469 on the one used by the client.
4472 Putting Privoxy between Tor and the webserver (or an stunnel
4473 that forwards to the webserver) allows to rewrite headers and
4474 content to make client and server happy at the same time.
4477 Using Privoxy for webservers that are only reachable through
4478 onion addresses and whose location is supposed to be secret
4479 is not recommended and should not be necessary anyway.
4490 This action takes parameters similar to the
4491 <link linkend="forwarding">forward</link> directives in the configuration
4492 file, but without the URL pattern. It can be used as replacement, but normally it's only
4493 used in cases where matching based on the request URL isn't sufficient.
4497 Please read the description for the <link linkend="forwarding">forward</link> directives before
4498 using this action. Forwarding to the wrong people will reduce your privacy and increase the
4499 chances of man-in-the-middle attacks.
4502 If the ports are missing or invalid, default values will be used. This might change
4503 in the future and you shouldn't rely on it. Otherwise incorrect syntax causes Privoxy
4504 to exit. Due to design limitations, invalid parameter syntax isn't detected until the
4505 action is used the first time.
4508 Use the <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info">show-url-info CGI page</ulink>
4509 to verify that your forward settings do what you thought the do.
4516 <term>Example usage:</term>
4519 # Use an ssh tunnel for requests previously tagged as
4520 # <quote>User-Agent: fetch libfetch/2.0</quote> and make sure
4521 # resuming downloads continues to work.
4523 # This way you can continue to use Tor for your normal browsing,
4524 # without overloading the Tor network with your FreeBSD ports updates
4525 # or downloads of bigger files like ISOs.
4527 # Note that HTTP headers are easy to fake and therefore their
4528 # values are as (un)trustworthy as your clients and users.
4529 {+forward-override{forward-socks5 10.0.0.2:2222 .} \
4530 -hide-if-modified-since \
4531 -overwrite-last-modified \
4533 TAG:^User-Agent: fetch libfetch/2\.0$
4541 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4542 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="handle-as-empty-document">
4543 <title>handle-as-empty-document</title>
4549 <term>Typical use:</term>
4551 <para>Mark URLs that should be replaced by empty documents <emphasis>if they get blocked</emphasis></para>
4556 <term>Effect:</term>
4559 This action alone doesn't do anything noticeable. It just marks URLs.
4560 If the <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> action <emphasis>also applies</emphasis>,
4561 the presence or absence of this mark decides whether an HTML <quote>BLOCKED</quote>
4562 page, or an empty document will be sent to the client as a substitute for the blocked content.
4563 The <emphasis>empty</emphasis> document isn't literally empty, but actually contains a single space.
4570 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4572 <para>Boolean.</para>
4577 <term>Parameter:</term>
4589 Some browsers complain about syntax errors if JavaScript documents
4590 are blocked with <application>Privoxy's</application>
4591 default HTML page; this option can be used to silence them.
4592 And of course this action can also be used to eliminate the &my-app;
4593 BLOCKED message in frames.
4596 The content type for the empty document can be specified with
4597 <literal><link linkend="content-type-overwrite">content-type-overwrite{}</link></literal>,
4598 but usually this isn't necessary.
4604 <term>Example usage:</term>
4606 <screen># Block all documents on example.org that end with ".js",
4607 # but send an empty document instead of the usual HTML message.
4608 {+block{Blocked JavaScript} +handle-as-empty-document}
4617 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4618 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="handle-as-image">
4619 <title>handle-as-image</title>
4623 <term>Typical use:</term>
4625 <para>Mark URLs as belonging to images (so they'll be replaced by images <emphasis>if they do get blocked</emphasis>, rather than HTML pages)</para>
4630 <term>Effect:</term>
4633 This action alone doesn't do anything noticeable. It just marks URLs as images.
4634 If the <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> action <emphasis>also applies</emphasis>,
4635 the presence or absence of this mark decides whether an HTML <quote>blocked</quote>
4636 page, or a replacement image (as determined by the <literal><link
4637 linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link></literal> action) will be sent to the
4638 client as a substitute for the blocked content.
4645 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4647 <para>Boolean.</para>
4652 <term>Parameter:</term>
4664 The below generic example section is actually part of <filename>default.action</filename>.
4665 It marks all URLs with well-known image file name extensions as images and should
4669 Users will probably only want to use the handle-as-image action in conjunction with
4670 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal>, to block sources of banners, whose URLs don't
4671 reflect the file type, like in the second example section.
4674 Note that you cannot treat HTML pages as images in most cases. For instance, (in-line) ad
4675 frames require an HTML page to be sent, or they won't display properly.
4676 Forcing <literal>handle-as-image</literal> in this situation will not replace the
4677 ad frame with an image, but lead to error messages.
4683 <term>Example usage (sections):</term>
4685 <screen># Generic image extensions:
4688 /.*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|ico)$
4690 # These don't look like images, but they're banners and should be
4691 # blocked as images:
4693 {+block{Nasty banners.} +handle-as-image}
4694 nasty-banner-server.example.com/junk.cgi\?output=trash
4702 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4703 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="hide-accept-language">
4704 <title>hide-accept-language</title>
4710 <term>Typical use:</term>
4712 <para>Pretend to use different language settings.</para>
4717 <term>Effect:</term>
4720 Deletes or replaces the <quote>Accept-Language:</quote> HTTP header in client requests.
4727 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4729 <para>Parameterized.</para>
4734 <term>Parameter:</term>
4737 Keyword: <quote>block</quote>, or any user defined value.
4746 Faking the browser's language settings can be useful to make a
4747 foreign User-Agent set with
4748 <literal><link linkend="hide-user-agent">hide-user-agent</link></literal>
4752 However some sites with content in different languages check the
4753 <quote>Accept-Language:</quote> to decide which one to take by default.
4754 Sometimes it isn't possible to later switch to another language without
4755 changing the <quote>Accept-Language:</quote> header first.
4758 Therefore it's a good idea to either only change the
4759 <quote>Accept-Language:</quote> header to languages you understand,
4760 or to languages that aren't wide spread.
4763 Before setting the <quote>Accept-Language:</quote> header
4764 to a rare language, you should consider that it helps to
4765 make your requests unique and thus easier to trace.
4766 If you don't plan to change this header frequently,
4767 you should stick to a common language.
4773 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
4775 <screen># Pretend to use Canadian language settings.
4776 {+hide-accept-language{en-ca} \
4777 +hide-user-agent{Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; OpenBSD i386; en-CA; rv:1.8.0.4) Gecko/20060628 Firefox/1.5.0.4} \
4787 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4788 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="hide-content-disposition">
4789 <title>hide-content-disposition</title>
4795 <term>Typical use:</term>
4797 <para>Prevent download menus for content you prefer to view inside the browser.</para>
4802 <term>Effect:</term>
4805 Deletes or replaces the <quote>Content-Disposition:</quote> HTTP header set by some servers.
4812 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4814 <para>Parameterized.</para>
4819 <term>Parameter:</term>
4822 Keyword: <quote>block</quote>, or any user defined value.
4831 Some servers set the <quote>Content-Disposition:</quote> HTTP header for
4832 documents they assume you want to save locally before viewing them.
4833 The <quote>Content-Disposition:</quote> header contains the file name
4834 the browser is supposed to use by default.
4837 In most browsers that understand this header, it makes it impossible to
4838 <emphasis>just view</emphasis> the document, without downloading it first,
4839 even if it's just a simple text file or an image.
4842 Removing the <quote>Content-Disposition:</quote> header helps
4843 to prevent this annoyance, but some browsers additionally check the
4844 <quote>Content-Type:</quote> header, before they decide if they can
4845 display a document without saving it first. In these cases, you have
4846 to change this header as well, before the browser stops displaying
4850 It is also possible to change the server's file name suggestion
4851 to another one, but in most cases it isn't worth the time to set
4855 This action will probably be removed in the future,
4856 use server-header filters instead.
4862 <term>Example usage:</term>
4864 <screen># Disarm the download link in Sourceforge's patch tracker
4866 +content-type-overwrite{text/plain}\
4867 +hide-content-disposition{block} }
4868 .sourceforge.net/tracker/download\.php</screen>
4875 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4876 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="hide-if-modified-since">
4877 <title>hide-if-modified-since</title>
4883 <term>Typical use:</term>
4885 <para>Prevent yet another way to track the user's steps between sessions.</para>
4890 <term>Effect:</term>
4893 Deletes the <quote>If-Modified-Since:</quote> HTTP client header or modifies its value.
4900 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4902 <para>Parameterized.</para>
4907 <term>Parameter:</term>
4910 Keyword: <quote>block</quote>, or a user defined value that specifies a range of hours.
4919 Removing this header is useful for filter testing, where you want to force a real
4920 reload instead of getting status code <quote>304</quote>, which would cause the
4921 browser to use a cached copy of the page.
4924 Instead of removing the header, <literal>hide-if-modified-since</literal> can
4925 also add or subtract a random amount of time to/from the header's value.
4926 You specify a range of minutes where the random factor should be chosen from and
4927 <application>Privoxy</application> does the rest. A negative value means
4928 subtracting, a positive value adding.
4931 Randomizing the value of the <quote>If-Modified-Since:</quote> makes
4932 it less likely that the server can use the time as a cookie replacement,
4933 but you will run into caching problems if the random range is too high.
4936 It is a good idea to only use a small negative value and let
4937 <literal><link linkend="overwrite-last-modified">overwrite-last-modified</link></literal>
4938 handle the greater changes.
4941 It is also recommended to use this action together with
4942 <literal><link linkend="crunch-if-none-match">crunch-if-none-match</link></literal>,
4943 otherwise it's more or less pointless.
4949 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
4951 <screen># Let the browser revalidate but make tracking based on the time less likely.
4952 {+hide-if-modified-since{-60} \
4953 +overwrite-last-modified{randomize} \
4954 +crunch-if-none-match}
4962 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
4963 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="hide-from-header">
4964 <title>hide-from-header</title>
4968 <term>Typical use:</term>
4970 <para>Keep your (old and ill) browser from telling web servers your email address</para>
4975 <term>Effect:</term>
4978 Deletes any existing <quote>From:</quote> HTTP header, or replaces it with the
4986 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
4988 <para>Parameterized.</para>
4993 <term>Parameter:</term>
4996 Keyword: <quote>block</quote>, or any user defined value.
5005 The keyword <quote>block</quote> will completely remove the header
5006 (not to be confused with the <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal>
5010 Alternately, you can specify any value you prefer to be sent to the web
5011 server. If you do, it is a matter of fairness not to use any address that
5012 is actually used by a real person.
5015 This action is rarely needed, as modern web browsers don't send
5016 <quote>From:</quote> headers anymore.
5022 <term>Example usage:</term>
5024 <screen>+hide-from-header{block}</screen>
5026 <screen>+hide-from-header{spam-me-senseless@sittingduck.example.com}</screen>
5033 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5034 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="hide-referrer">
5035 <title>hide-referrer</title>
5036 <anchor id="hide-referer">
5039 <term>Typical use:</term>
5041 <para>Conceal which link you followed to get to a particular site</para>
5046 <term>Effect:</term>
5049 Deletes the <quote>Referer:</quote> (sic) HTTP header from the client request,
5050 or replaces it with a forged one.
5057 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5059 <para>Parameterized.</para>
5064 <term>Parameter:</term>
5068 <para><quote>conditional-block</quote> to delete the header completely if the host has changed.</para>
5071 <para><quote>conditional-forge</quote> to forge the header if the host has changed.</para>
5074 <para><quote>block</quote> to delete the header unconditionally.</para>
5077 <para><quote>forge</quote> to pretend to be coming from the homepage of the server we are talking to.</para>
5080 <para>Any other string to set a user defined referrer.</para>
5090 <literal>conditional-block</literal> is the only parameter,
5091 that isn't easily detected in the server's log file. If it blocks the
5092 referrer, the request will look like the visitor used a bookmark or
5093 typed in the address directly.
5096 Leaving the referrer unmodified for requests on the same host
5097 allows the server owner to see the visitor's <quote>click path</quote>,
5098 but in most cases she could also get that information by comparing
5099 other parts of the log file: for example the User-Agent if it isn't
5100 a very common one, or the user's IP address if it doesn't change between
5104 Always blocking the referrer, or using a custom one, can lead to
5105 failures on servers that check the referrer before they answer any
5106 requests, in an attempt to prevent their content from being
5107 embedded or linked to elsewhere.
5110 Both <literal>conditional-block</literal> and <literal>forge</literal>
5111 will work with referrer checks, as long as content and valid referring page
5112 are on the same host. Most of the time that's the case.
5115 <literal>hide-referer</literal> is an alternate spelling of
5116 <literal>hide-referrer</literal> and the two can be can be freely
5117 substituted with each other. (<quote>referrer</quote> is the
5118 correct English spelling, however the HTTP specification has a bug - it
5119 requires it to be spelled as <quote>referer</quote>.)
5125 <term>Example usage:</term>
5127 <screen>+hide-referrer{forge}</screen>
5129 <screen>+hide-referrer{http://www.yahoo.com/}</screen>
5136 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5137 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="hide-user-agent">
5138 <title>hide-user-agent</title>
5142 <term>Typical use:</term>
5144 <para>Try to conceal your type of browser and client operating system</para>
5149 <term>Effect:</term>
5152 Replaces the value of the <quote>User-Agent:</quote> HTTP header
5153 in client requests with the specified value.
5160 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5162 <para>Parameterized.</para>
5167 <term>Parameter:</term>
5170 Any user-defined string.
5180 This can lead to problems on web sites that depend on looking at this header in
5181 order to customize their content for different browsers (which, by the
5182 way, is <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> the right thing to do: good web sites
5183 work browser-independently).
5187 Using this action in multi-user setups or wherever different types of
5188 browsers will access the same <application>Privoxy</application> is
5189 <emphasis>not recommended</emphasis>. In single-user, single-browser
5190 setups, you might use it to delete your OS version information from
5191 the headers, because it is an invitation to exploit known bugs for your
5192 OS. It is also occasionally useful to forge this in order to access
5193 sites that won't let you in otherwise (though there may be a good
5194 reason in some cases).
5197 More information on known user-agent strings can be found at
5198 <ulink url="http://www.user-agents.org/">http://www.user-agents.org/</ulink>
5200 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_agent">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_agent</ulink>.
5206 <term>Example usage:</term>
5208 <screen>+hide-user-agent{Netscape 6.1 (X11; I; Linux 2.4.18 i686)}</screen>
5215 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5216 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="ignore-certificate-errors">
5217 <title>ignore-certificate-errors</title>
5221 <term>Typical use:</term>
5223 <para>Filter encrypted requests and responses without verifying the certificate</para>
5228 <term>Effect:</term>
5231 Encrypted requests are forwarded to sites without verifying the certificate.
5238 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5240 <para>Boolean.</para>
5245 <term>Parameter:</term>
5258 <link linkend="ENABLE-HTTPS-FILTERING"><quote>+enable-https-filtering</quote></link>
5259 action is used &my-app; by default verifies that the remote site uses a valid
5263 If the certificate is invalid the connection is aborted.
5266 This action disabled the certificate check allowing requests to sites
5267 with invalid certificates.
5273 <term>Example usage:</term>
5276 {+ignore-certificate-errors}
5285 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5286 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="limit-connect">
5287 <title>limit-connect</title>
5291 <term>Typical use:</term>
5293 <para>Prevent abuse of <application>Privoxy</application> as a TCP proxy relay or disable SSL for untrusted sites</para>
5298 <term>Effect:</term>
5301 Specifies to which ports HTTP CONNECT requests are allowable.
5308 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5310 <para>Parameterized.</para>
5315 <term>Parameter:</term>
5318 A comma-separated list of ports or port ranges (the latter using dashes, with the minimum
5319 defaulting to 0 and the maximum to 65K).
5328 By default, i.e. if no <literal>limit-connect</literal> action applies,
5329 <application>Privoxy</application> allows HTTP CONNECT requests to all
5330 ports. Use <literal>limit-connect</literal> if fine-grained control
5331 is desired for some or all destinations.
5334 The CONNECT methods exists in HTTP to allow access to secure websites
5335 (<quote>https://</quote> URLs) through proxies. It works very simply:
5336 the proxy connects to the server on the specified port, and then
5337 short-circuits its connections to the client and to the remote server.
5338 This means CONNECT-enabled proxies can be used as TCP relays very easily.
5341 <application>Privoxy</application> relays HTTPS traffic without seeing
5342 the decoded content. Websites can leverage this limitation to circumvent &my-app;'s
5343 filters. By specifying an invalid port range you can disable HTTPS entirely.
5349 <term>Example usages:</term>
5351 <!-- I had trouble getting the spacing to look right in my browser -->
5352 <!-- I probably have the wrong font setup, bollocks. -->
5353 <!-- Apparently the emphasis tag uses a proportional font no matter what -->
5354 <screen>+limit-connect{443} # Port 443 is OK.
5355 +limit-connect{80,443} # Ports 80 and 443 are OK.
5356 +limit-connect{-3, 7, 20-100, 500-} # Ports less than 3, 7, 20 to 100 and above 500 are OK.
5357 +limit-connect{-} # All ports are OK
5358 +limit-connect{,} # No HTTPS/SSL traffic is allowed</screen>
5365 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5366 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="limit-cookie-lifetime">
5367 <title>limit-cookie-lifetime</title>
5371 <term>Typical use:</term>
5373 <para>Limit the lifetime of HTTP cookies to a couple of minutes or hours.</para>
5378 <term>Effect:</term>
5381 Overwrites the expires field in Set-Cookie server headers if it's above the specified limit.
5388 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5390 <para>Parameterized.</para>
5395 <term>Parameter:</term>
5398 The lifetime limit in minutes, or 0.
5407 This action reduces the lifetime of HTTP cookies coming from the
5408 server to the specified number of minutes, starting from the time
5409 the cookie passes Privoxy.
5412 Cookies with a lifetime below the limit are not modified.
5413 The lifetime of session cookies is set to the specified limit.
5416 The effect of this action depends on the server.
5419 In case of servers which refresh their cookies with each response
5420 (or at least frequently), the lifetime limit set by this action
5422 Thus, a session associated with the cookie continues to work with
5423 this action enabled, as long as a new request is made before the
5424 last limit set is reached.
5427 However, some servers send their cookies once, with a lifetime of several
5428 years (the year 2037 is a popular choice), and do not refresh them
5429 until a certain event in the future, for example the user logging out.
5430 In this case this action may limit the absolute lifetime of the session,
5431 even if requests are made frequently.
5434 If the parameter is <quote>0</quote>, this action behaves like
5435 <literal><link linkend="session-cookies-only">session-cookies-only</link></literal>.
5441 <term>Example usages:</term>
5443 <screen>+limit-cookie-lifetime{60}</screen>
5449 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5450 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="prevent-compression">
5451 <title>prevent-compression</title>
5455 <term>Typical use:</term>
5458 Ensure that servers send the content uncompressed, so it can be
5459 passed through <literal><link linkend="filter">filter</link></literal>s.
5465 <term>Effect:</term>
5468 Removes the Accept-Encoding header which can be used to ask for compressed transfer.
5475 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5477 <para>Boolean.</para>
5482 <term>Parameter:</term>
5494 More and more websites send their content compressed by default, which
5495 is generally a good idea and saves bandwidth. But the <literal><link
5496 linkend="filter">filter</link></literal> and
5497 <literal><link linkend="deanimate-gifs">deanimate-gifs</link></literal>
5498 actions need access to the uncompressed data.
5501 When compiled with zlib support (available since &my-app; 3.0.7), content that should be
5502 filtered is decompressed on-the-fly and you don't have to worry about this action.
5503 If you are using an older &my-app; version, or one that hasn't been compiled with zlib
5504 support, this action can be used to convince the server to send the content uncompressed.
5507 Most text-based instances compress very well, the size is seldom decreased by less than 50%,
5508 for markup-heavy instances like news feeds saving more than 90% of the original size isn't
5512 Not using compression will therefore slow down the transfer, and you should only
5513 enable this action if you really need it. As of &my-app; 3.0.7 it's disabled in all
5514 predefined action settings.
5517 Note that some (rare) ill-configured sites don't handle requests for uncompressed
5518 documents correctly. Broken PHP applications tend to send an empty document body,
5519 some IIS versions only send the beginning of the content. If you enable
5520 <literal>prevent-compression</literal> per default, you might want to add
5521 exceptions for those sites. See the example for how to do that.
5527 <term>Example usage (sections):</term>
5530 # Selectively turn off compression, and enable a filter
5532 { +filter{tiny-textforms} +prevent-compression }
5533 # Match only these sites
5538 # Or instead, we could set a universal default:
5540 { +prevent-compression }
5543 # Then maybe make exceptions for broken sites:
5545 { -prevent-compression }
5546 .compusa.com/</screen>
5554 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5555 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="overwrite-last-modified">
5556 <title>overwrite-last-modified</title>
5562 <term>Typical use:</term>
5564 <para>Prevent yet another way to track the user's steps between sessions.</para>
5569 <term>Effect:</term>
5572 Deletes the <quote>Last-Modified:</quote> HTTP server header or modifies its value.
5579 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5581 <para>Parameterized.</para>
5586 <term>Parameter:</term>
5589 One of the keywords: <quote>block</quote>, <quote>reset-to-request-time</quote>
5590 and <quote>randomize</quote>
5599 Removing the <quote>Last-Modified:</quote> header is useful for filter
5600 testing, where you want to force a real reload instead of getting status
5601 code <quote>304</quote>, which would cause the browser to reuse the old
5602 version of the page.
5605 The <quote>randomize</quote> option overwrites the value of the
5606 <quote>Last-Modified:</quote> header with a randomly chosen time
5607 between the original value and the current time. In theory the server
5608 could send each document with a different <quote>Last-Modified:</quote>
5609 header to track visits without using cookies. <quote>Randomize</quote>
5610 makes it impossible and the browser can still revalidate cached documents.
5613 <quote>reset-to-request-time</quote> overwrites the value of the
5614 <quote>Last-Modified:</quote> header with the current time. You could use
5615 this option together with
5616 <literal><link linkend="hide-if-modified-since">hide-if-modified-since</link></literal>
5617 to further customize your random range.
5620 The preferred parameter here is <quote>randomize</quote>. It is safe
5621 to use, as long as the time settings are more or less correct.
5622 If the server sets the <quote>Last-Modified:</quote> header to the time
5623 of the request, the random range becomes zero and the value stays the same.
5624 Therefore you should later randomize it a second time with
5625 <literal><link linkend="hide-if-modified-since">hided-if-modified-since</link></literal>,
5629 It is also recommended to use this action together with
5630 <literal><link linkend="crunch-if-none-match">crunch-if-none-match</link></literal>.
5636 <term>Example usage:</term>
5638 <screen># Let the browser revalidate without being tracked across sessions
5639 { +hide-if-modified-since{-60} \
5640 +overwrite-last-modified{randomize} \
5641 +crunch-if-none-match}
5649 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5650 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="redirect">
5651 <title>redirect</title>
5657 <term>Typical use:</term>
5660 Redirect requests to other sites.
5666 <term>Effect:</term>
5669 Convinces the browser that the requested document has been moved
5670 to another location and the browser should get it from there.
5677 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5679 <para>Parameterized</para>
5684 <term>Parameter:</term>
5687 An absolute URL or a single pcrs command.
5696 Requests to which this action applies are answered with a
5697 HTTP redirect to URLs of your choosing. The new URL is
5698 either provided as parameter, or derived by applying a
5699 single pcrs command to the original URL.
5702 The syntax for pcrs commands is documented in the
5703 <link linkend="filter-file">filter file</link> section.
5706 Requests can't be blocked and redirected at the same time,
5707 applying this action together with
5708 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal>
5709 is a configuration error. Currently the request is blocked
5710 and an error message logged, the behavior may change in the
5711 future and result in Privoxy rejecting the action file.
5714 This action can be combined with
5715 <literal><link linkend="fast-redirects">fast-redirects{check-decoded-url}</link></literal>
5716 to redirect to a decoded version of a rewritten URL.
5719 Use this action carefully, make sure not to create redirection loops
5720 and be aware that using your own redirects might make it
5721 possible to fingerprint your requests.
5724 In case of problems with your redirects, or simply to watch
5725 them working, enable <link linkend="DEBUG">debug 128</link>.
5731 <term>Example usages:</term>
5733 <screen># Replace example.com's style sheet with another one
5734 { +redirect{http://localhost/css-replacements/example.com.css} }
5735 example.com/stylesheet\.css
5737 # Create a short, easy to remember nickname for a favorite site
5738 # (relies on the browser to accept and forward invalid URLs to &my-app;)
5739 { +redirect{https://www.privoxy.org/user-manual/actions-file.html} }
5742 # Always use the expanded view for Undeadly.org articles
5743 # (Note the $ at the end of the URL pattern to make sure
5744 # the request for the rewritten URL isn't redirected as well)
5745 {+redirect{s@$@&mode=expanded@}}
5746 undeadly.org/cgi\?action=article&sid=\d*$
5748 # Redirect Google search requests to MSN
5749 {+redirect{s@^http://[^/]*/search\?q=([^&]*).*@http://search.msn.com/results.aspx?q=$1@}}
5752 # Redirect MSN search requests to Yahoo
5753 {+redirect{s@^http://[^/]*/results\.aspx\?q=([^&]*).*@http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=$1@}}
5754 search.msn.com//results\.aspx\?q=
5756 # Redirect http://example.com/&bla=fasel&toChange=foo (and any other value but "bar")
5757 # to http://example.com/&bla=fasel&toChange=bar
5759 # The URL pattern makes sure that the following request isn't redirected again.
5760 {+redirect{s@toChange=[^&]+@toChange=bar@}}
5761 example.com/.*toChange=(?!bar)
5763 # Add a shortcut to look up illumos bugs
5764 {+redirect{s@^http://i([0-9]+)/.*@https://www.illumos.org/issues/$1@}}
5765 # Redirected URL = http://i4974/
5766 # Redirect Destination = https://www.illumos.org/issues/4974
5767 i[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]*/
5769 # Redirect remote requests for this manual
5770 # to the local version delivered by Privoxy
5771 {+redirect{s@^http://www@http://config@}}
5772 www.privoxy.org/user-manual/</screen>
5780 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5781 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="server-header-filter">
5782 <title>server-header-filter</title>
5786 <term>Typical use:</term>
5789 Rewrite or remove single server headers.
5795 <term>Effect:</term>
5798 All server headers to which this action applies are filtered on-the-fly
5799 through the specified regular expression based substitutions.
5806 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
5808 <para>Multi-value.</para>
5813 <term>Parameter:</term>
5816 The name of a server-header filter, as defined in one of the
5817 <link linkend="filter-file">filter files</link>.
5826 Server-header filters are applied to each header on its own, not to
5827 all at once. This makes it easier to diagnose problems, but on the downside
5828 you can't write filters that only change header x if header y's value is z.
5829 You can do that by using tags though.
5832 Server-header filters are executed after the other header actions have finished
5833 and use their output as input.
5836 Please refer to the <link linkend="filter-file">filter file chapter</link>
5837 to learn which server-header filters are available by default, and how to
5844 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
5847 {+server-header-filter{html-to-xml}}
5848 example.org/xml-instance-that-is-delivered-as-html
5850 {+server-header-filter{xml-to-html}}
5851 example.org/instance-that-is-delivered-as-xml-but-is-not
5860 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5861 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="server-header-tagger">
5862 <title>server-header-tagger</title>
5866 <term>Typical use:</term>
5869 Enable or disable filters based on the Content-Type header.
5875 <term>Effect:</term>
5878 Server headers to which this action applies are filtered on-the-fly through
5879 the specified regular expression based substitutions, the result is used as
5887 <!-- boolean, parameterized, Multi-value -->
5889 <para>Multi-value.</para>
5894 <term>Parameter:</term>
5897 The name of a server-header tagger, as defined in one of the
5898 <link linkend="filter-file">filter files</link>.
5907 Server-header taggers are applied to each header on its own,
5908 and as the header isn't modified, each tagger <quote>sees</quote>
5912 Server-header taggers are executed before all other header actions
5913 that modify server headers. Their tags can be used to control
5914 all of the other server-header actions, the content filters
5915 and the crunch actions (<link linkend="redirect">redirect</link>
5916 and <link linkend="block">block</link>).
5919 Obviously crunching based on tags created by server-header taggers
5920 doesn't prevent the request from showing up in the server's log file.
5927 <term>Example usage (section):</term>
5930 # Tag every request with the content type declared by the server
5931 {+server-header-tagger{content-type}}
5934 # If the response has a tag starting with 'image/' enable an external
5935 # filter that only applies to images.
5937 # Note that the filter is not available by default, it's just a
5938 # <literal><link linkend="external-filter-syntax">silly example</link></literal>.
5939 {+external-filter{rotate-image} +force-text-mode}
5949 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
5950 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="session-cookies-only">
5951 <title>session-cookies-only</title>
5955 <term>Typical use:</term>
5958 Allow only temporary <quote>session</quote> cookies (for the current
5959 browser session <emphasis>only</emphasis>).
5965 <term>Effect:</term>
5968 Deletes the <quote>expires</quote> field from <quote>Set-Cookie:</quote>
5969 server headers. Most browsers will not store such cookies permanently and
5970 forget them in between sessions.
5977 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
5979 <para>Boolean.</para>
5984 <term>Parameter:</term>
5996 This is less strict than <literal><link linkend="crunch-incoming-cookies">crunch-incoming-cookies</link></literal> /
5997 <literal><link linkend="crunch-outgoing-cookies">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link></literal> and allows you to browse
5998 websites that insist or rely on setting cookies, without compromising your privacy too badly.
6001 Most browsers will not permanently store cookies that have been processed by
6002 <literal>session-cookies-only</literal> and will forget about them between sessions.
6003 This makes profiling cookies useless, but won't break sites which require cookies so
6004 that you can log in for transactions. This is generally turned on for all
6005 sites, and is the recommended setting.
6008 It makes <emphasis>no sense at all</emphasis> to use <literal>session-cookies-only</literal>
6009 together with <literal><link linkend="crunch-incoming-cookies">crunch-incoming-cookies</link></literal> or
6010 <literal><link linkend="crunch-outgoing-cookies">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link></literal>. If you do, cookies
6011 will be plainly killed.
6014 Note that it is up to the browser how it handles such cookies without an <quote>expires</quote>
6015 field. If you use an exotic browser, you might want to try it out to be sure.
6018 This setting also has no effect on cookies that may have been stored
6019 previously by the browser before starting <application>Privoxy</application>.
6020 These would have to be removed manually.
6023 <application>Privoxy</application> also uses
6024 the <link linkend="filter-content-cookies">content-cookies filter</link>
6025 to block some types of cookies. Content cookies are not effected by
6026 <literal>session-cookies-only</literal>.
6032 <term>Example usage:</term>
6034 <screen>+session-cookies-only</screen>
6041 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
6042 <sect3 renderas="sect4" id="set-image-blocker">
6043 <title>set-image-blocker</title>
6047 <term>Typical use:</term>
6049 <para>Choose the replacement for blocked images</para>
6054 <term>Effect:</term>
6057 This action alone doesn't do anything noticeable. If <emphasis>both</emphasis>
6058 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> <emphasis>and</emphasis> <literal><link
6059 linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal> <emphasis>also</emphasis>
6060 apply, i.e. if the request is to be blocked as an image,
6061 <emphasis>then</emphasis> the parameter of this action decides what will be
6062 sent as a replacement.
6069 <!-- Boolean, Parameterized, Multi-value -->
6071 <para>Parameterized.</para>
6076 <term>Parameter:</term>
6081 <quote>pattern</quote> to send a built-in checkerboard pattern image. The image is visually
6082 decent, scales very well, and makes it obvious where banners were busted.
6087 <quote>blank</quote> to send a built-in transparent image. This makes banners disappear
6088 completely, but makes it hard to detect where <application>Privoxy</application> has blocked
6089 images on a given page and complicates troubleshooting if <application>Privoxy</application>
6090 has blocked innocent images, like navigation icons.
6095 <quote><replaceable class="parameter">target-url</replaceable></quote> to
6096 send a redirect to <replaceable class="parameter">target-url</replaceable>. You can redirect
6097 to any image anywhere, even in your local filesystem via <quote>file:///</quote> URL.
6098 (But note that not all browsers support redirecting to a local file system).
6101 A good application of redirects is to use special <application>Privoxy</application>-built-in
6102 URLs, which send the built-in images, as <replaceable class="parameter">target-url</replaceable>.
6103 This has the same visual effect as specifying <quote>blank</quote> or <quote>pattern</quote> in
6104 the first place, but enables your browser to cache the replacement image, instead of requesting
6105 it over and over again.
6116 The URLs for the built-in images are <quote>http://config.privoxy.org/send-banner?type=<replaceable
6117 class="parameter">type</replaceable></quote>, where <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable> is
6118 either <quote>blank</quote> or <quote>pattern</quote>.
6121 There is a third (advanced) type, called <quote>auto</quote>. It is <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> to be
6122 used in <literal>set-image-blocker</literal>, but meant for use from <link linkend="filter-file">filters</link>.
6123 Auto will select the type of image that would have applied to the referring page, had it been an image.
6129 <term>Example usage:</term>
6134 <screen>+set-image-blocker{pattern}</screen>
6136 Redirect to the BSD daemon:
6138 <screen>+set-image-blocker{http://www.freebsd.org/gifs/dae_up3.gif}</screen>
6140 Redirect to the built-in pattern for better caching:
6142 <screen>+set-image-blocker{http://config.privoxy.org/send-banner?type=pattern}</screen>
6149 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
6150 <sect3 id="summary">
6151 <title>Summary</title>
6153 Note that many of these actions have the potential to cause a page to
6154 misbehave, possibly even not to display at all. There are many ways
6155 a site designer may choose to design his site, and what HTTP header
6156 content, and other criteria, he may depend on. There is no way to have hard
6157 and fast rules for all sites. See the <link
6158 linkend="ACTIONSANAT">Appendix</link> for a brief example on troubleshooting
6164 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
6165 <sect2 id="aliases">
6166 <title>Aliases</title>
6168 Custom <quote>actions</quote>, known to <application>Privoxy</application>
6169 as <quote>aliases</quote>, can be defined by combining other actions.
6170 These can in turn be invoked just like the built-in actions.
6171 Currently, an alias name can contain any character except space, tab,
6173 <quote>{</quote> and <quote>}</quote>, but we <emphasis>strongly
6174 recommend</emphasis> that you only use <quote>a</quote> to <quote>z</quote>,
6175 <quote>0</quote> to <quote>9</quote>, <quote>+</quote>, and <quote>-</quote>.
6176 Alias names are not case sensitive, and are not required to start with a
6177 <quote>+</quote> or <quote>-</quote> sign, since they are merely textually
6181 Aliases can be used throughout the actions file, but they <emphasis>must be
6182 defined in a special section at the top of the file!</emphasis>
6183 And there can only be one such section per actions file. Each actions file may
6184 have its own alias section, and the aliases defined in it are only visible
6188 There are two main reasons to use aliases: One is to save typing for frequently
6189 used combinations of actions, the other one is a gain in flexibility: If you
6190 decide once how you want to handle shops by defining an alias called
6191 <quote>shop</quote>, you can later change your policy on shops in
6192 <emphasis>one</emphasis> place, and your changes will take effect everywhere
6193 in the actions file where the <quote>shop</quote> alias is used. Calling aliases
6194 by their purpose also makes your actions files more readable.
6197 Currently, there is one big drawback to using aliases, though:
6198 <application>Privoxy</application>'s built-in web-based action file
6199 editor honors aliases when reading the actions files, but it expands
6200 them before writing. So the effects of your aliases are of course preserved,
6201 but the aliases themselves are lost when you edit sections that use aliases
6206 Now let's define some aliases...
6210 # Useful custom aliases we can use later.
6212 # Note the (required!) section header line and that this section
6213 # must be at the top of the actions file!
6217 # These aliases just save typing later:
6218 # (Note that some already use other aliases!)
6220 +crunch-all-cookies = +<link linkend="CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</link> +<link linkend="CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link>
6221 -crunch-all-cookies = -<link linkend="CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</link> -<link linkend="CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link>
6222 +block-as-image = +block{Blocked image.} +handle-as-image
6223 allow-all-cookies = -crunch-all-cookies -<link linkend="SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY">session-cookies-only</link> -<link linkend="FILTER-CONTENT-COOKIES">filter{content-cookies}</link>
6225 # These aliases define combinations of actions
6226 # that are useful for certain types of sites:
6228 fragile = -<link linkend="BLOCK">block</link> -<link linkend="FILTER">filter</link> -crunch-all-cookies -<link linkend="FAST-REDIRECTS">fast-redirects</link> -<link linkend="HIDE-REFERER">hide-referrer</link> -<link linkend="PREVENT-COMPRESSION">prevent-compression</link>
6230 shop = -crunch-all-cookies -<link linkend="FILTER-ALL-POPUPS">filter{all-popups}</link>
6232 # Short names for other aliases, for really lazy people ;-)
6234 c0 = +crunch-all-cookies
6235 c1 = -crunch-all-cookies</screen>
6238 ...and put them to use. These sections would appear in the lower part of an
6239 actions file and define exceptions to the default actions (as specified further
6240 up for the <quote>/</quote> pattern):
6244 # These sites are either very complex or very keen on
6245 # user data and require minimal interference to work:
6248 .office.microsoft.com
6249 .windowsupdate.microsoft.com
6250 # Gmail is really mail.google.com, not gmail.com
6254 # Allow cookies (for setting and retrieving your customer data)
6258 .worldpay.com # for quietpc.com
6261 # These shops require pop-ups:
6263 {-filter{all-popups} -filter{unsolicited-popups}}
6265 .overclockers.co.uk</screen>
6268 Aliases like <quote>shop</quote> and <quote>fragile</quote> are typically used for
6269 <quote>problem</quote> sites that require more than one action to be disabled
6270 in order to function properly.
6276 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
6277 <sect2 id="act-examples">
6278 <title>Actions Files Tutorial</title>
6280 The above chapters have shown <link linkend="actions-file">which actions files
6281 there are and how they are organized</link>, how actions are <link
6282 linkend="actions">specified</link> and <link linkend="actions-apply">applied
6283 to URLs</link>, how <link linkend="af-patterns">patterns</link> work, and how to
6284 define and use <link linkend="aliases">aliases</link>. Now, let's look at an
6285 example <filename>match-all.action</filename>, <filename>default.action</filename>
6286 and <filename>user.action</filename> file and see how all these pieces come together:
6289 <sect3 id="match-all">
6290 <title>match-all.action</title>
6292 Remember <emphasis>all actions are disabled when matching starts</emphasis>,
6293 so we have to explicitly enable the ones we want.
6297 While the <filename>match-all.action</filename> file only contains a
6298 single section, it is probably the most important one. It has only one
6299 pattern, <quote><literal>/</literal></quote>, but this pattern
6300 <link linkend="af-patterns">matches all URLs</link>. Therefore, the set of
6301 actions used in this <quote>default</quote> section <emphasis>will
6302 be applied to all requests as a start</emphasis>. It can be partly or
6303 wholly overridden by other actions files like <filename>default.action</filename>
6304 and <filename>user.action</filename>, but it will still be largely responsible
6305 for your overall browsing experience.
6309 Again, at the start of matching, all actions are disabled, so there is
6310 no need to disable any actions here. (Remember: a <quote>+</quote>
6311 preceding the action name enables the action, a <quote>-</quote> disables!).
6312 Also note how this long line has been made more readable by splitting it into
6313 multiple lines with line continuation.
6318 +<link linkend="CHANGE-X-FORWARDED-FOR">change-x-forwarded-for{block}</link> \
6319 +<link linkend="HIDE-FROM-HEADER">hide-from-header{block}</link> \
6320 +<link linkend="SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER">set-image-blocker{pattern}</link> \
6326 The default behavior is now set.
6330 <sect3 id="default-action">
6331 <title>default.action</title>
6334 If you aren't a developer, there's no need for you to edit the
6335 <filename>default.action</filename> file. It is maintained by
6336 the &my-app; developers and if you disagree with some of the
6337 sections, you should overrule them in your <filename>user.action</filename>.
6341 Understanding the <filename>default.action</filename> file can
6342 help you with your <filename>user.action</filename>, though.
6346 The first section in this file is a special section for internal use
6347 that prevents older &my-app; versions from reading the file:
6351 ##########################################################################
6352 # Settings -- Don't change! For internal Privoxy use ONLY.
6353 ##########################################################################
6355 for-privoxy-version=3.0.11</screen>
6358 After that comes the (optional) alias section. We'll use the example
6359 section from the above <link linkend="aliases">chapter on aliases</link>,
6360 that also explains why and how aliases are used:
6364 ##########################################################################
6366 ##########################################################################
6369 # These aliases just save typing later:
6370 # (Note that some already use other aliases!)
6372 +crunch-all-cookies = +<link linkend="CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</link> +<link linkend="CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link>
6373 -crunch-all-cookies = -<link linkend="CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES">crunch-incoming-cookies</link> -<link linkend="CRUNCH-OUTGOING-COOKIES">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link>
6374 +block-as-image = +block{Blocked image.} +handle-as-image
6375 mercy-for-cookies = -crunch-all-cookies -<link linkend="SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY">session-cookies-only</link> -<link linkend="FILTER-CONTENT-COOKIES">filter{content-cookies}</link>
6377 # These aliases define combinations of actions
6378 # that are useful for certain types of sites:
6380 fragile = -<link linkend="BLOCK">block</link> -<link linkend="FILTER">filter</link> -crunch-all-cookies -<link linkend="FAST-REDIRECTS">fast-redirects</link> -<link linkend="HIDE-REFERER">hide-referrer</link>
6381 shop = -crunch-all-cookies -<link linkend="FILTER-ALL-POPUPS">filter{all-popups}</link></screen>
6384 The first of our specialized sections is concerned with <quote>fragile</quote>
6385 sites, i.e. sites that require minimum interference, because they are either
6386 very complex or very keen on tracking you (and have mechanisms in place that
6387 make them unusable for people who avoid being tracked). We will use
6388 our pre-defined <literal>fragile</literal> alias instead of stating the list
6389 of actions explicitly:
6393 ##########################################################################
6394 # Exceptions for sites that'll break under the default action set:
6395 ##########################################################################
6397 # "Fragile" Use a minimum set of actions for these sites (see alias above):
6400 .office.microsoft.com # surprise, surprise!
6401 .windowsupdate.microsoft.com
6402 mail.google.com</screen>
6405 Shopping sites are not as fragile, but they typically
6406 require cookies to log in, and pop-up windows for shopping
6407 carts or item details. Again, we'll use a pre-defined alias:
6415 .worldpay.com # for quietpc.com
6417 .scan.co.uk</screen>
6420 The <literal><link linkend="FAST-REDIRECTS">fast-redirects</link></literal>
6421 action, which may have been enabled in <filename>match-all.action</filename>,
6422 breaks some sites. So disable it for popular sites where we know it misbehaves:
6426 { -<link linkend="FAST-REDIRECTS">fast-redirects</link> }
6430 .altavista.com/.*(like|url|link):http
6431 .altavista.com/trans.*urltext=http
6432 .nytimes.com</screen>
6435 It is important that <application>Privoxy</application> knows which
6436 URLs belong to images, so that <emphasis>if</emphasis> they are to
6437 be blocked, a substitute image can be sent, rather than an HTML page.
6438 Contacting the remote site to find out is not an option, since it
6439 would destroy the loading time advantage of banner blocking, and it
6440 would feed the advertisers information about you. We can mark any
6441 URL as an image with the <literal><link
6442 linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal> action,
6443 and marking all URLs that end in a known image file extension is a
6448 ##########################################################################
6450 ##########################################################################
6452 # Define which file types will be treated as images, in case they get
6453 # blocked further down this file:
6455 { +<link linkend="HANDLE-AS-IMAGE">handle-as-image</link> }
6456 /.*\.(gif|jpe?g|png|bmp|ico)$</screen>
6459 And then there are known banner sources. They often use scripts to
6460 generate the banners, so it won't be visible from the URL that the
6461 request is for an image. Hence we block them <emphasis>and</emphasis>
6462 mark them as images in one go, with the help of our
6463 <literal>+block-as-image</literal> alias defined above. (We could of
6464 course just as well use <literal>+<link linkend="block">block</link>
6465 +<link linkend="handle-as-image">handle-as-image</link></literal> here.)
6466 Remember that the type of the replacement image is chosen by the
6467 <literal><link linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link></literal>
6468 action. Since all URLs have matched the default section with its
6469 <literal>+<link linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker</link>{pattern}</literal>
6470 action before, it still applies and needn't be repeated:
6474 # Known ad generators:
6479 .ad.*.doubleclick.net
6480 .a.yimg.com/(?:(?!/i/).)*$
6481 .a[0-9].yimg.com/(?:(?!/i/).)*$
6486 One of the most important jobs of <application>Privoxy</application>
6487 is to block banners. Many of these can be <quote>blocked</quote>
6488 by the <literal><link linkend="filter">filter</link>{banners-by-size}</literal>
6489 action, which we enabled above, and which deletes the references to banner
6490 images from the pages while they are loaded, so the browser doesn't request
6491 them anymore, and hence they don't need to be blocked here. But this naturally
6492 doesn't catch all banners, and some people choose not to use filters, so we
6493 need a comprehensive list of patterns for banner URLs here, and apply the
6494 <literal><link linkend="block">block</link></literal> action to them.
6497 First comes many generic patterns, which do most of the work, by
6498 matching typical domain and path name components of banners. Then comes
6499 a list of individual patterns for specific sites, which is omitted here
6500 to keep the example short:
6504 ##########################################################################
6505 # Block these fine banners:
6506 ##########################################################################
6507 { <link linkend="BLOCK">+block{Banner ads.}</link> }
6515 /.*count(er)?\.(pl|cgi|exe|dll|asp|php[34]?)
6516 /(?:.*/)?(publicite|werbung|rekla(ma|me|am)|annonse|maino(kset|nta|s)?)/
6518 # Site-specific patterns (abbreviated):
6520 .hitbox.com</screen>
6523 It's quite remarkable how many advertisers actually call their banner
6524 servers ads.<replaceable>company</replaceable>.com, or call the directory
6525 in which the banners are stored literally <quote>banners</quote>. So the above
6526 generic patterns are surprisingly effective.
6529 But being very generic, they necessarily also catch URLs that we don't want
6530 to block. The pattern <literal>.*ads.</literal> e.g. catches
6531 <quote>nasty-<emphasis>ads</emphasis>.nasty-corp.com</quote> as intended,
6532 but also <quote>downlo<emphasis>ads</emphasis>.sourcefroge.net</quote> or
6533 <quote><emphasis>ads</emphasis>l.some-provider.net.</quote> So here come some
6534 well-known exceptions to the <literal>+<link linkend="BLOCK">block</link></literal>
6538 Note that these are exceptions to exceptions from the default! Consider the URL
6539 <quote>downloads.sourcefroge.net</quote>: Initially, all actions are deactivated,
6540 so it wouldn't get blocked. Then comes the defaults section, which matches the
6541 URL, but just deactivates the <literal><link linkend="BLOCK">block</link></literal>
6542 action once again. Then it matches <literal>.*ads.</literal>, an exception to the
6543 general non-blocking policy, and suddenly
6544 <literal><link linkend="BLOCK">+block</link></literal> applies. And now, it'll match
6545 <literal>.*loads.</literal>, where <literal><link linkend="BLOCK">-block</link></literal>
6546 applies, so (unless it matches <emphasis>again</emphasis> further down) it ends up
6547 with no <literal><link linkend="BLOCK">block</link></literal> action applying.
6551 ##########################################################################
6552 # Save some innocent victims of the above generic block patterns:
6553 ##########################################################################
6557 { -<link linkend="BLOCK">block</link> }
6558 adv[io]*. # (for advogato.org and advice.*)
6559 adsl. # (has nothing to do with ads)
6560 adobe. # (has nothing to do with ads either)
6561 ad[ud]*. # (adult.* and add.*)
6562 .edu # (universities don't host banners (yet!))
6563 .*loads. # (downloads, uploads etc)
6571 www.globalintersec.com/adv # (adv = advanced)
6572 www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/adv</screen>
6575 Filtering source code can have nasty side effects,
6576 so make an exception for our friends at sourceforge.net,
6577 and all paths with <quote>cvs</quote> in them. Note that
6578 <literal>-<link linkend="FILTER">filter</link></literal>
6579 disables <emphasis>all</emphasis> filters in one fell swoop!
6583 # Don't filter code!
6585 { -<link linkend="FILTER">filter</link> }
6590 .sourceforge.net</screen>
6593 The actual <filename>default.action</filename> is of course much more
6594 comprehensive, but we hope this example made clear how it works.
6599 <sect3 id="user-action"><title>user.action</title>
6602 So far we are painting with a broad brush by setting general policies,
6603 which would be a reasonable starting point for many people. Now,
6604 you might want to be more specific and have customized rules that
6605 are more suitable to your personal habits and preferences. These would
6606 be for narrowly defined situations like your ISP or your bank, and should
6607 be placed in <filename>user.action</filename>, which is parsed after all other
6608 actions files and hence has the last word, over-riding any previously
6609 defined actions. <filename>user.action</filename> is also a
6610 <emphasis>safe</emphasis> place for your personal settings, since
6611 <filename>default.action</filename> is actively maintained by the
6612 <application>Privoxy</application> developers and you'll probably want
6613 to install updated versions from time to time.
6617 So let's look at a few examples of things that one might typically do in
6618 <filename>user.action</filename>:
6622 <!-- brief sample user.action here -->
6625 # My user.action file. <fred@example.com></screen>
6628 As <link linkend="aliases">aliases</link> are local to the actions
6629 file that they are defined in, you can't use the ones from
6630 <filename>default.action</filename>, unless you repeat them here:
6634 # Aliases are local to the file they are defined in.
6635 # (Re-)define aliases for this file:
6639 # These aliases just save typing later, and the alias names should
6640 # be self explanatory.
6642 +crunch-all-cookies = +crunch-incoming-cookies +crunch-outgoing-cookies
6643 -crunch-all-cookies = -crunch-incoming-cookies -crunch-outgoing-cookies
6644 allow-all-cookies = -crunch-all-cookies -session-cookies-only
6645 allow-popups = -filter{all-popups}
6646 +block-as-image = +block{Blocked as image.} +handle-as-image
6647 -block-as-image = -block
6649 # These aliases define combinations of actions that are useful for
6650 # certain types of sites:
6652 fragile = -block -crunch-all-cookies -filter -fast-redirects -hide-referrer
6653 shop = -crunch-all-cookies allow-popups
6655 # Allow ads for selected useful free sites:
6657 allow-ads = -block -filter{banners-by-size} -filter{banners-by-link}
6659 # Alias for specific file types that are text, but might have conflicting
6660 # MIME types. We want the browser to force these to be text documents.
6661 handle-as-text = -<link linkend="FILTER">filter</link> +-<link linkend="content-type-overwrite">content-type-overwrite{text/plain}</link> +-<link linkend="FORCE-TEXT-MODE">force-text-mode</link> -<link linkend="HIDE-CONTENT-DISPOSITION">hide-content-disposition</link></screen>
6664 Say you have accounts on some sites that you visit regularly, and
6665 you don't want to have to log in manually each time. So you'd like
6666 to allow persistent cookies for these sites. The
6667 <literal>allow-all-cookies</literal> alias defined above does exactly
6668 that, i.e. it disables crunching of cookies in any direction, and the
6669 processing of cookies to make them only temporary.
6673 { allow-all-cookies }
6677 .redhat.com</screen>
6680 Your bank is allergic to some filter, but you don't know which, so you disable them all:
6684 { -<link linkend="FILTER">filter</link> }
6685 .your-home-banking-site.com</screen>
6688 Some file types you may not want to filter for various reasons:
6692 # Technical documentation is likely to contain strings that might
6693 # erroneously get altered by the JavaScript-oriented filters:
6698 # And this stupid host sends streaming video with a wrong MIME type,
6699 # so that Privoxy thinks it is getting HTML and starts filtering:
6701 stupid-server.example.com/</screen>
6704 Example of a simple <link linkend="BLOCK">block</link> action. Say you've
6705 seen an ad on your favourite page on example.com that you want to get rid of.
6706 You have right-clicked the image, selected <quote>copy image location</quote>
6707 and pasted the URL below while removing the leading http://, into a
6708 <literal>{ +block{} }</literal> section. Note that <literal>{ +handle-as-image
6709 }</literal> need not be specified, since all URLs ending in
6710 <literal>.gif</literal> will be tagged as images by the general rules as set
6711 in default.action anyway:
6715 { +<link linkend="BLOCK">block</link>{Nasty ads.} }
6716 www.example.com/nasty-ads/sponsor\.gif
6717 another.example.net/more/junk/here/</screen>
6720 The URLs of dynamically generated banners, especially from large banner
6721 farms, often don't use the well-known image file name extensions, which
6722 makes it impossible for <application>Privoxy</application> to guess
6723 the file type just by looking at the URL.
6724 You can use the <literal>+block-as-image</literal> alias defined above for
6726 Note that objects which match this rule but then turn out NOT to be an
6727 image are typically rendered as a <quote>broken image</quote> icon by the
6728 browser. Use cautiously.
6736 ar.atwola.com/</screen>
6739 Now you noticed that the default configuration breaks Forbes Magazine,
6740 but you were too lazy to find out which action is the culprit, and you
6741 were again too lazy to give <link linkend="contact">feedback</link>, so
6742 you just used the <literal>fragile</literal> alias on the site, and
6743 -- <emphasis>whoa!</emphasis> -- it worked. The <literal>fragile</literal>
6744 aliases disables those actions that are most likely to break a site. Also,
6745 good for testing purposes to see if it is <application>Privoxy</application>
6746 that is causing the problem or not. We later find other regular sites
6747 that misbehave, and add those to our personalized list of troublemakers:
6754 .mybank.com</screen>
6757 You like the <quote>fun</quote> text replacements in <filename>default.filter</filename>,
6758 but it is disabled in the distributed actions file.
6759 So you'd like to turn it on in your private,
6760 update-safe config, once and for all:
6764 { +<link linkend="filter-fun">filter{fun}</link> }
6765 / # For ALL sites!</screen>
6768 Note that the above is not really a good idea: There are exceptions
6769 to the filters in <filename>default.action</filename> for things that
6770 really shouldn't be filtered, like code on CVS->Web interfaces. Since
6771 <filename>user.action</filename> has the last word, these exceptions
6772 won't be valid for the <quote>fun</quote> filtering specified here.
6776 You might also worry about how your favourite free websites are
6777 funded, and find that they rely on displaying banner advertisements
6778 to survive. So you might want to specifically allow banners for those
6779 sites that you feel provide value to you:
6789 Note that <literal>allow-ads</literal> has been aliased to
6790 <literal>-<link linkend="block">block</link></literal>,
6791 <literal>-<link linkend="filter-banners-by-size">filter{banners-by-size}</link></literal>, and
6792 <literal>-<link linkend="filter-banners-by-link">filter{banners-by-link}</link></literal> above.
6796 Invoke another alias here to force an over-ride of the MIME type <literal>
6797 application/x-sh</literal> which typically would open a download type
6798 dialog. In my case, I want to look at the shell script, and then I can save
6799 it should I choose to.
6807 <filename>user.action</filename> is generally the best place to define
6808 exceptions and additions to the default policies of
6809 <filename>default.action</filename>. Some actions are safe to have their
6810 default policies set here though. So let's set a default policy to have a
6811 <quote>blank</quote> image as opposed to the checkerboard pattern for
6812 <emphasis>ALL</emphasis> sites. <quote>/</quote> of course matches all URL
6817 { +<link linkend="set-image-blocker">set-image-blocker{blank}</link> }
6818 / # ALL sites</screen>
6823 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
6827 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
6829 <!-- ~~~~~~~~ New section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
6831 <sect1 id="filter-file">
6832 <title>Filter Files</title>
6835 On-the-fly text substitutions need
6836 to be defined in a <quote>filter file</quote>. Once defined, they
6837 can then be invoked as an <quote>action</quote>.
6841 &my-app; supports three different pcrs-based filter actions:
6842 <literal><link linkend="filter">filter</link></literal> to
6843 rewrite the content that is send to the client,
6844 <literal><link linkend="client-header-filter">client-header-filter</link></literal>
6845 to rewrite headers that are send by the client, and
6846 <literal><link linkend="server-header-filter">server-header-filter</link></literal>
6847 to rewrite headers that are send by the server.
6851 &my-app; also supports two tagger actions:
6852 <literal><link linkend="client-header-tagger">client-header-tagger</link></literal>
6854 <literal><link linkend="server-header-tagger">server-header-tagger</link></literal>.
6855 Taggers and filters use the same syntax in the filter files, the difference
6856 is that taggers don't modify the text they are filtering, but use a rewritten
6857 version of the filtered text as tag. The tags can then be used to change the
6858 applying actions through sections with <link linkend="tag-pattern">tag-patterns</link>.
6862 Finally &my-app; supports the
6863 <literal><link linkend="external-filter">external-filter</link></literal> action
6864 to enable <literal><link linkend="external-filter-syntax">external filters</link></literal>
6865 written in proper programming languages.
6870 Multiple filter files can be defined through the <literal> <link
6871 linkend="filterfile">filterfile</link></literal> config directive. The filters
6872 as supplied by the developers are located in
6873 <filename>default.filter</filename>. It is recommended that any locally
6874 defined or modified filters go in a separately defined file such as
6875 <filename>user.filter</filename>.
6879 Common tasks for content filters are to eliminate common annoyances in
6880 HTML and JavaScript, such as pop-up windows,
6881 exit consoles, crippled windows without navigation tools, the
6882 infamous <BLINK> tag etc, to suppress images with certain
6883 width and height attributes (standard banner sizes or web-bugs),
6884 or just to have fun.
6888 Enabled content filters are applied to any content whose
6889 <quote>Content Type</quote> header is recognised as a sign
6890 of text-based content, with the exception of <literal>text/plain</literal>.
6891 Use the <link linkend="FORCE-TEXT-MODE">force-text-mode</link> action
6892 to also filter other content.
6896 Substitutions are made at the source level, so if you want to <quote>roll
6897 your own</quote> filters, you should first be familiar with HTML syntax,
6898 and, of course, regular expressions.
6902 Just like the <link linkend="actions-file">actions files</link>, the
6903 filter file is organized in sections, which are called <emphasis>filters</emphasis>
6904 here. Each filter consists of a heading line, that starts with one of the
6905 <emphasis>keywords</emphasis> <literal>FILTER:</literal>,
6906 <literal>CLIENT-HEADER-FILTER:</literal> or <literal>SERVER-HEADER-FILTER:</literal>
6907 followed by the filter's <emphasis>name</emphasis>, and a short (one line)
6908 <emphasis>description</emphasis> of what it does. Below that line
6909 come the <emphasis>jobs</emphasis>, i.e. lines that define the actual
6910 text substitutions. By convention, the name of a filter
6911 should describe what the filter <emphasis>eliminates</emphasis>. The
6912 comment is used in the <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/">web-based
6913 user interface</ulink>.
6917 Once a filter called <replaceable>name</replaceable> has been defined
6918 in the filter file, it can be invoked by using an action of the form
6919 +<literal><link linkend="filter">filter</link>{<replaceable>name</replaceable>}</literal>
6920 in any <link linkend="actions-file">actions file</link>.
6924 Filter definitions start with a header line that contains the filter
6925 type, the filter name and the filter description.
6926 A content filter header line for a filter called <quote>foo</quote> could look
6930 <screen>FILTER: foo Replace all "foo" with "bar"</screen>
6933 Below that line, and up to the next header line, come the jobs that
6934 define what text replacements the filter executes. They are specified
6935 in a syntax that imitates <ulink url="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</ulink>'s
6936 <literal>s///</literal> operator. If you are familiar with Perl, you
6937 will find this to be quite intuitive, and may want to look at the
6938 PCRS documentation for the subtle differences to Perl behaviour.
6942 Most notably, the non-standard option letter <literal>U</literal> is supported,
6943 which turns the default to ungreedy matching (add <literal>?</literal> to
6944 quantifiers to turn them greedy again).
6948 The non-standard option letter <literal>D</literal> (dynamic) allows
6949 to use the variables $host, $origin (the IP address the request came from),
6950 $path, $url and $listen-address (the address on which Privoxy accepted the
6951 client request. Example: 127.0.0.1:8118).
6952 They will be replaced with the value they refer to before the filter
6957 Note that '$' is a bad choice for a delimiter in a dynamic filter as you
6958 might end up with unintended variables if you use a variable name
6959 directly after the delimiter. Variables will be resolved without
6960 escaping anything, therefore you also have to be careful not to chose
6961 delimiters that appear in the replacement text. For example '<' should
6962 be save, while '?' will sooner or later cause conflicts with $url.
6966 The non-standard option letter <literal>T</literal> (trivial) prevents
6967 parsing for backreferences in the substitute. Use it if you want to include
6968 text like '$&' in your substitute without quoting.
6973 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expressions"><quote>Regular
6974 Expressions</quote></ulink>, you might want to take a look at
6975 the <link linkend="regex">Appendix on regular expressions</link>, and
6976 see the <ulink url="http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html">Perl
6978 <ulink url="http://perldoc.perl.org/perlop.html">the
6979 <literal>s///</literal> operator's syntax</ulink> and <ulink
6980 url="http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html">Perl-style regular
6981 expressions</ulink> in general.
6982 The below examples might also help to get you started.
6986 <!-- ~~~~~~~~ New section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
6988 <sect2 id="filter-file-tut"><title>Filter File Tutorial</title>
6990 Now, let's complete our <quote>foo</quote> content filter. We have already defined
6991 the heading, but the jobs are still missing. Since all it does is to replace
6992 <quote>foo</quote> with <quote>bar</quote>, there is only one (trivial) job
6996 <screen>s/foo/bar/</screen>
6999 But wait! Didn't the comment say that <emphasis>all</emphasis> occurrences
7000 of <quote>foo</quote> should be replaced? Our current job will only take
7001 care of the first <quote>foo</quote> on each page. For global substitution,
7002 we'll need to add the <literal>g</literal> option:
7005 <screen>s/foo/bar/g</screen>
7008 Our complete filter now looks like this:
7011 <screen>FILTER: foo Replace all "foo" with "bar"
7012 s/foo/bar/g</screen>
7015 Let's look at some real filters for more interesting examples. Here you see
7016 a filter that protects against some common annoyances that arise from JavaScript
7017 abuse. Let's look at its jobs one after the other:
7022 FILTER: js-annoyances Get rid of particularly annoying JavaScript abuse
7024 # Get rid of JavaScript referrer tracking. Test page: http://www.randomoddness.com/untitled.htm
7026 s|(<script.*)document\.referrer(.*</script>)|$1"Not Your Business!"$2|Usg</screen>
7029 Following the header line and a comment, you see the job. Note that it uses
7030 <literal>|</literal> as the delimiter instead of <literal>/</literal>, because
7031 the pattern contains a forward slash, which would otherwise have to be escaped
7032 by a backslash (<literal>\</literal>).
7036 Now, let's examine the pattern: it starts with the text <literal><script.*</literal>
7037 enclosed in parentheses. Since the dot matches any character, and <literal>*</literal>
7038 means: <quote>Match an arbitrary number of the element left of myself</quote>, this
7039 matches <quote><script</quote>, followed by <emphasis>any</emphasis> text, i.e.
7040 it matches the whole page, from the start of the first <script> tag.
7044 That's more than we want, but the pattern continues: <literal>document\.referrer</literal>
7045 matches only the exact string <quote>document.referrer</quote>. The dot needed to
7046 be <emphasis>escaped</emphasis>, i.e. preceded by a backslash, to take away its
7047 special meaning as a joker, and make it just a regular dot. So far, the meaning is:
7048 Match from the start of the first <script> tag in a the page, up to, and including,
7049 the text <quote>document.referrer</quote>, if <emphasis>both</emphasis> are present
7050 in the page (and appear in that order).
7054 But there's still more pattern to go. The next element, again enclosed in parentheses,
7055 is <literal>.*</script></literal>. You already know what <literal>.*</literal>
7056 means, so the whole pattern translates to: Match from the start of the first <script>
7057 tag in a page to the end of the last <script> tag, provided that the text
7058 <quote>document.referrer</quote> appears somewhere in between.
7062 This is still not the whole story, since we have ignored the options and the parentheses:
7063 The portions of the page matched by sub-patterns that are enclosed in parentheses, will be
7064 remembered and be available through the variables <literal>$1, $2, ...</literal> in
7065 the substitute. The <literal>U</literal> option switches to ungreedy matching, which means
7066 that the first <literal>.*</literal> in the pattern will only <quote>eat up</quote> all
7067 text in between <quote><script</quote> and the <emphasis>first</emphasis> occurrence
7068 of <quote>document.referrer</quote>, and that the second <literal>.*</literal> will
7069 only span the text up to the <emphasis>first</emphasis> <quote></script></quote>
7070 tag. Furthermore, the <literal>s</literal> option says that the match may span
7071 multiple lines in the page, and the <literal>g</literal> option again means that the
7072 substitution is global.
7076 So, to summarize, the pattern means: Match all scripts that contain the text
7077 <quote>document.referrer</quote>. Remember the parts of the script from
7078 (and including) the start tag up to (and excluding) the string
7079 <quote>document.referrer</quote> as <literal>$1</literal>, and the part following
7080 that string, up to and including the closing tag, as <literal>$2</literal>.
7084 Now the pattern is deciphered, but wasn't this about substituting things? So
7085 lets look at the substitute: <literal>$1"Not Your Business!"$2</literal> is
7086 easy to read: The text remembered as <literal>$1</literal>, followed by
7087 <literal>"Not Your Business!"</literal> (<emphasis>including</emphasis>
7088 the quotation marks!), followed by the text remembered as <literal>$2</literal>.
7089 This produces an exact copy of the original string, with the middle part
7090 (the <quote>document.referrer</quote>) replaced by <literal>"Not Your
7091 Business!"</literal>.
7095 The whole job now reads: Replace <quote>document.referrer</quote> by
7096 <literal>"Not Your Business!"</literal> wherever it appears inside a
7097 <script> tag. Note that this job won't break JavaScript syntax,
7098 since both the original and the replacement are syntactically valid
7099 string objects. The script just won't have access to the referrer
7100 information anymore.
7104 We'll show you two other jobs from the JavaScript taming department, but
7105 this time only point out the constructs of special interest:
7109 # The status bar is for displaying link targets, not pointless blahblah
7111 s/window\.status\s*=\s*(['"]).*?\1/dUmMy=1/ig</screen>
7114 <literal>\s</literal> stands for whitespace characters (space, tab, newline,
7115 carriage return, form feed), so that <literal>\s*</literal> means: <quote>zero
7116 or more whitespace</quote>. The <literal>?</literal> in <literal>.*?</literal>
7117 makes this matching of arbitrary text ungreedy. (Note that the <literal>U</literal>
7118 option is not set). The <literal>['"]</literal> construct means: <quote>a single
7119 <emphasis>or</emphasis> a double quote</quote>. Finally, <literal>\1</literal> is
7120 a back-reference to the first parenthesis just like <literal>$1</literal> above,
7121 with the difference that in the <emphasis>pattern</emphasis>, a backslash indicates
7122 a back-reference, whereas in the <emphasis>substitute</emphasis>, it's the dollar.
7126 So what does this job do? It replaces assignments of single- or double-quoted
7127 strings to the <quote>window.status</quote> object with a dummy assignment
7128 (using a variable name that is hopefully odd enough not to conflict with
7129 real variables in scripts). Thus, it catches many cases where e.g. pointless
7130 descriptions are displayed in the status bar instead of the link target when
7131 you move your mouse over links.
7135 # Kill OnUnload popups. Yummy. Test: http://www.zdnet.com/zdsubs/yahoo/tree/yfs.html
7137 s/(<body [^>]*)onunload(.*>)/$1never$2/iU</screen>
7141 <ulink url="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Events-20001113/events.html#Events-eventgroupings-htmlevents">OnUnload
7142 event binding</ulink> in the HTML DOM was a <emphasis>CRIME</emphasis>.
7143 When I close a browser window, I want it to close and die. Basta.
7144 This job replaces the <quote>onunload</quote> attribute in
7145 <quote><body></quote> tags with the dummy word <literal>never</literal>.
7146 Note that the <literal>i</literal> option makes the pattern matching
7147 case-insensitive. Also note that ungreedy matching alone doesn't always guarantee
7148 a minimal match: In the first parenthesis, we had to use <literal>[^>]*</literal>
7149 instead of <literal>.*</literal> to prevent the match from exceeding the
7150 <body> tag if it doesn't contain <quote>OnUnload</quote>, but the page's
7155 The last example is from the fun department:
7159 FILTER: fun Fun text replacements
7161 # Spice the daily news:
7163 s/microsoft(?!\.com)/MicroSuck/ig</screen>
7166 Note the <literal>(?!\.com)</literal> part (a so-called negative lookahead)
7167 in the job's pattern, which means: Don't match, if the string
7168 <quote>.com</quote> appears directly following <quote>microsoft</quote>
7169 in the page. This prevents links to microsoft.com from being trashed, while
7170 still replacing the word everywhere else.
7174 # Buzzword Bingo (example for extended regex syntax)
7176 s* industry[ -]leading \
7178 | customer[ -]focused \
7179 | market[ -]driven \
7180 | award[ -]winning # Comments are OK, too! \
7181 | high[ -]performance \
7182 | solutions[ -]based \
7186 *<font color="red"><b>BINGO!</b></font> \
7190 The <literal>x</literal> option in this job turns on extended syntax, and allows for
7191 e.g. the liberal use of (non-interpreted!) whitespace for nicer formatting.
7199 <!-- ~~~~~~~~ New section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
7201 <sect2 id="predefined-filters"><title>The Pre-defined Filters</title>
7205 Note each filter is also listed in the +filter action section above. Please
7206 keep these listings in sync.
7211 The distribution <filename>default.filter</filename> file contains a selection of
7212 pre-defined filters for your convenience:
7217 <term><emphasis>js-annoyances</emphasis></term>
7220 The purpose of this filter is to get rid of particularly annoying JavaScript abuse.
7226 replaces JavaScript references to the browser's referrer information
7227 with the string "Not Your Business!". This compliments the <literal><link
7228 linkend="hide-referrer">hide-referrer</link></literal> action on the content level.
7233 removes the bindings to the DOM's
7234 <ulink url="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Events-20001113/events.html#Events-eventgroupings-htmlevents">unload
7235 event</ulink> which we feel has no right to exist and is responsible for most <quote>exit consoles</quote>, i.e.
7236 nasty windows that pop up when you close another one.
7241 removes code that causes new windows to be opened with undesired properties, such as being
7242 full-screen, non-resizeable, without location, status or menu bar etc.
7247 Use with caution. This is an aggressive filter, and can break sites that
7248 rely heavily on JavaScript.
7254 <term><emphasis>js-events</emphasis></term>
7257 This is a very radical measure. It removes virtually all JavaScript event bindings, which
7258 means that scripts can not react to user actions such as mouse movements or clicks, window
7259 resizing etc, anymore. Use with caution!
7262 We <emphasis>strongly discourage</emphasis> using this filter as a default since it breaks
7263 many legitimate scripts. It is meant for use only on extra-nasty sites (should you really
7270 <term><emphasis>html-annoyances</emphasis></term>
7273 This filter will undo many common instances of HTML based abuse.
7276 The <literal>BLINK</literal> and <literal>MARQUEE</literal> tags
7277 are neutralized (yeah baby!), and browser windows will be created as
7278 resizeable (as of course they should be!), and will have location,
7279 scroll and menu bars -- even if specified otherwise.
7285 <term><emphasis>content-cookies</emphasis></term>
7288 Most cookies are set in the HTTP dialog, where they can be intercepted
7290 <literal><link linkend="crunch-incoming-cookies">crunch-incoming-cookies</link></literal>
7291 and <literal><link linkend="crunch-outgoing-cookies">crunch-outgoing-cookies</link></literal>
7292 actions. But web sites increasingly make use of HTML meta tags and JavaScript
7293 to sneak cookies to the browser on the content level.
7296 This filter disables most HTML and JavaScript code that reads or sets
7297 cookies. It cannot detect all clever uses of these types of code, so it
7298 should not be relied on as an absolute fix. Use it wherever you would also
7299 use the cookie crunch actions.
7305 <term><emphasis>refresh-tags</emphasis></term>
7308 Disable any refresh tags if the interval is greater than nine seconds (so
7309 that redirections done via refresh tags are not destroyed). This is useful
7310 for dial-on-demand setups, or for those who find this HTML feature
7317 <term><emphasis>unsolicited-popups</emphasis></term>
7320 This filter attempts to prevent only <quote>unsolicited</quote> pop-up
7321 windows from opening, yet still allow pop-up windows that the user
7322 has explicitly chosen to open. It was added in version 3.0.1,
7323 as an improvement over earlier such filters.
7326 Technical note: The filter works by redefining the window.open JavaScript
7327 function to a dummy function, <literal>PrivoxyWindowOpen()</literal>,
7328 during the loading and rendering phase of each HTML page access, and
7329 restoring the function afterward.
7332 This is recommended only for browsers that cannot perform this function
7333 reliably themselves. And be aware that some sites require such windows
7334 in order to function normally. Use with caution.
7340 <term><emphasis>all-popups</emphasis></term>
7343 Attempt to prevent <emphasis>all</emphasis> pop-up windows from opening.
7344 Note this should be used with even more discretion than the above, since
7345 it is more likely to break some sites that require pop-ups for normal
7346 usage. Use with caution.
7352 <term><emphasis>img-reorder</emphasis></term>
7355 This is a helper filter that has no value if used alone. It makes the
7356 <literal>banners-by-size</literal> and <literal>banners-by-link</literal>
7357 (see below) filters more effective and should be enabled together with them.
7363 <term><emphasis>banners-by-size</emphasis></term>
7366 This filter removes image tags purely based on what size they are. Fortunately
7367 for us, many ads and banner images tend to conform to certain standardized
7368 sizes, which makes this filter quite effective for ad stripping purposes.
7371 Occasionally this filter will cause false positives on images that are not ads,
7372 but just happen to be of one of the standard banner sizes.
7375 Recommended only for those who require extreme ad blocking. The default
7376 block rules should catch 95+% of all ads <emphasis>without</emphasis> this filter enabled.
7382 <term><emphasis>banners-by-link</emphasis></term>
7385 This is an experimental filter that attempts to kill any banners if
7386 their URLs seem to point to known or suspected click trackers. It is currently
7387 not of much value and is not recommended for use by default.
7393 <term><emphasis>webbugs</emphasis></term>
7396 Webbugs are small, invisible images (technically 1X1 GIF images), that
7397 are used to track users across websites, and collect information on them.
7398 As an HTML page is loaded by the browser, an embedded image tag causes the
7399 browser to contact a third-party site, disclosing the tracking information
7400 through the requested URL and/or cookies for that third-party domain, without
7401 the user ever becoming aware of the interaction with the third-party site.
7402 HTML-ized spam also uses a similar technique to verify email addresses.
7405 This filter removes the HTML code that loads such <quote>webbugs</quote>.
7411 <term><emphasis>tiny-textforms</emphasis></term>
7414 A rather special-purpose filter that can be used to enlarge textareas (those
7415 multi-line text boxes in web forms) and turn off hard word wrap in them.
7416 It was written for the sourceforge.net tracker system where such boxes are
7417 a nuisance, but it can be handy on other sites, too.
7420 It is not recommended to use this filter as a default.
7426 <term><emphasis>jumping-windows</emphasis></term>
7429 Many consider windows that move, or resize themselves to be abusive. This filter
7430 neutralizes the related JavaScript code. Note that some sites might not display
7431 or behave as intended when using this filter. Use with caution.
7437 <term><emphasis>frameset-borders</emphasis></term>
7440 Some web designers seem to assume that everyone in the world will view their
7441 web sites using the same browser brand and version, screen resolution etc,
7442 because only that assumption could explain why they'd use static frame sizes,
7443 yet prevent their frames from being resized by the user, should they be too
7444 small to show their whole content.
7447 This filter removes the related HTML code. It should only be applied to sites
7454 <term><emphasis>demoronizer</emphasis></term>
7457 Many Microsoft products that generate HTML use non-standard extensions (read:
7458 violations) of the ISO 8859-1 aka Latin-1 character set. This can cause those
7459 HTML documents to display with errors on standard-compliant platforms.
7462 This filter translates the MS-only characters into Latin-1 equivalents.
7463 It is not necessary when using MS products, and will cause corruption of
7464 all documents that use 8-bit character sets other than Latin-1. It's mostly
7465 worthwhile for Europeans on non-MS platforms, if weird garbage characters
7466 sometimes appear on some pages, or user agents that don't correct for this on
7469 My version of Mozilla (ancient) shows litte square boxes for quote
7470 characters, and apostrophes on moronized pages. So many pages have this, I
7471 can read them fine now. HB 08/27/06
7478 <term><emphasis>shockwave-flash</emphasis></term>
7481 A filter for shockwave haters. As the name suggests, this filter strips code
7482 out of web pages that is used to embed shockwave flash objects.
7490 <term><emphasis>quicktime-kioskmode</emphasis></term>
7493 Change HTML code that embeds Quicktime objects so that kioskmode, which
7494 prevents saving, is disabled.
7500 <term><emphasis>fun</emphasis></term>
7503 Text replacements for subversive browsing fun. Make fun of your favorite
7504 Monopolist or play buzzword bingo.
7510 <term><emphasis>crude-parental</emphasis></term>
7513 A demonstration-only filter that shows how <application>Privoxy</application>
7514 can be used to delete web content on a keyword basis.
7520 <term><emphasis>ie-exploits</emphasis></term>
7523 An experimental collection of text replacements to disable malicious HTML and JavaScript
7524 code that exploits known security holes in Internet Explorer.
7527 Presently, it only protects against Nimda and a cross-site scripting bug, and
7528 would need active maintenance to provide more substantial protection.
7534 <term><emphasis>site-specifics</emphasis></term>
7537 Some web sites have very specific problems, the cure for which doesn't apply
7538 anywhere else, or could even cause damage on other sites.
7541 This is a collection of such site-specific cures which should only be applied
7542 to the sites they were intended for, which is what the supplied
7543 <filename>default.action</filename> file does. Users shouldn't need to change
7544 anything regarding this filter.
7550 <term><emphasis>google</emphasis></term>
7553 A CSS based block for Google text ads. Also removes a width limitation
7554 and the toolbar advertisement.
7560 <term><emphasis>yahoo</emphasis></term>
7563 Another CSS based block, this time for Yahoo text ads. And removes
7564 a width limitation as well.
7570 <term><emphasis>msn</emphasis></term>
7573 Another CSS based block, this time for MSN text ads. And removes
7574 tracking URLs, as well as a width limitation.
7580 <term><emphasis>blogspot</emphasis></term>
7583 Cleans up some Blogspot blogs. Read the fine print before using this one!
7586 This filter also intentionally removes some navigation stuff and sets the
7587 page width to 100%. As a result, some rounded <quote>corners</quote> would
7588 appear to early or not at all and as fixing this would require a browser
7589 that understands background-size (CSS3), they are removed instead.
7595 <term><emphasis>xml-to-html</emphasis></term>
7598 Server-header filter to change the Content-Type from xml to html.
7604 <term><emphasis>html-to-xml</emphasis></term>
7607 Server-header filter to change the Content-Type from html to xml.
7613 <term><emphasis>no-ping</emphasis></term>
7616 Removes the non-standard <literal>ping</literal> attribute from
7617 anchor and area HTML tags.
7623 <term><emphasis>hide-tor-exit-notation</emphasis></term>
7626 Client-header filter to remove the <command>Tor</command> exit node notation
7627 found in Host and Referer headers.
7630 If &my-app; and <command>Tor</command> are chained and &my-app;
7631 is configured to use socks4a, one can use <quote>http://www.example.org.foobar.exit/</quote>
7632 to access the host <quote>www.example.org</quote> through the
7633 <command>Tor</command> exit node <quote>foobar</quote>.
7636 As the HTTP client isn't aware of this notation, it treats the
7637 whole string <quote>www.example.org.foobar.exit</quote> as host and uses it
7638 for the <quote>Host</quote> and <quote>Referer</quote> headers. From the
7639 server's point of view the resulting headers are invalid and can cause problems.
7642 An invalid <quote>Referer</quote> header can trigger <quote>hot-linking</quote>
7643 protections, an invalid <quote>Host</quote> header will make it impossible for
7644 the server to find the right vhost (several domains hosted on the same IP address).
7647 This client-header filter removes the <quote>foo.exit</quote> part in those headers
7648 to prevent the mentioned problems. Note that it only modifies
7649 the HTTP headers, it doesn't make it impossible for the server
7650 to detect your <command>Tor</command> exit node based on the IP address
7651 the request is coming from.
7658 <term><emphasis> </emphasis></term>
7671 <!-- ~~~~~~~~ New section Header ~~~~~~~~~ -->
7672 <sect2 id="external-filter-syntax"><title>External filter syntax</title>
7674 External filters are scripts or programs that can modify the content in
7675 case common <literal><link linkend="filter">filters</link></literal>
7676 aren't powerful enough.
7679 External filters can be written in any language the platform &my-app; runs
7683 They are controlled with the
7684 <literal><link linkend="external-filter">external-filter</link></literal> action
7685 and have to be defined in the <literal><link linkend="filterfile">filterfile</link></literal>
7689 The header looks like any other filter, but instead of pcrs jobs, external
7690 filters contain a single job which can be a program or a shell script (which
7691 may call other scripts or programs).
7694 External filters read the content from STDIN and write the rewritten
7696 The environment variables PRIVOXY_URL, PRIVOXY_PATH, PRIVOXY_HOST,
7697 PRIVOXY_ORIGIN, PRIVOXY_LISTEN_ADDRESS can be used to get some details
7698 about the client request.
7701 &my-app; will temporary store the content to filter in the
7702 <literal><link linkend="temporary-directory">temporary-directory</link></literal>.
7706 EXTERNAL-FILTER: cat Pointless example filter that doesn't actually modify the content
7709 # Incorrect reimplementation of the filter above in POSIX shell.
7711 # Note that it's a single job that spans multiple lines, the line
7712 # breaks are not passed to the shell, thus the semicolons are required.
7714 # If the script isn't trivial, it is recommended to put it into an external file.
7716 # In general, writing external filters entirely in POSIX shell is not
7717 # considered a good idea.
7718 EXTERNAL-FILTER: cat2 Pointless example filter that despite its name may actually modify the content
7724 EXTERNAL-FILTER: rotate-image Rotate an image by 180 degree. Test filter with limited value.
7725 /usr/local/bin/convert - -rotate 180 -
7727 EXTERNAL-FILTER: citation-needed Adds a "[citation needed]" tag to an image. The coordinates may need adjustment.
7728 /usr/local/bin/convert - -pointsize 16 -fill white -annotate +17+418 "[citation needed]" -
7733 Currently external filters are executed with &my-app;'s privileges!
7734 Only use external filters you understand and trust.
7738 External filters are experimental and the syntax may change in the future.
7744 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
7748 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7750 <sect1 id="templates">
7751 <title>Privoxy's Template Files</title>
7753 All <application>Privoxy</application> built-in pages, i.e. error pages such as the
7754 <ulink url="http://show-the-404-error.page"><quote>404 - No Such Domain</quote>
7755 error page</ulink>, the <ulink
7756 url="http://ads.bannerserver.example.com/nasty-ads/sponsor.html"><quote>BLOCKED</quote>
7758 and all pages of its <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/">web-based
7759 user interface</ulink>, are generated from <emphasis>templates</emphasis>.
7760 (<application>Privoxy</application> must be running for the above links to work as
7765 These templates are stored in a subdirectory of the <link linkend="confdir">configuration
7766 directory</link> called <filename>templates</filename>. On Unixish platforms,
7768 <ulink url="file:///etc/privoxy/templates/"><filename>/etc/privoxy/templates/</filename></ulink>.
7772 The templates are basically normal HTML files, but with place-holders (called symbols
7773 or exports), which <application>Privoxy</application> fills at run time. It
7774 is possible to edit the templates with a normal text editor, should you want
7775 to customize them. (<emphasis>Not recommended for the casual
7776 user</emphasis>). Should you create your own custom templates, you should use
7777 the <filename>config</filename> setting <link linkend="templdir">templdir</link>
7778 to specify an alternate location, so your templates do not get overwritten
7782 Note that just like in configuration files, lines starting
7783 with <literal>#</literal> are ignored when the templates are filled in.
7787 The place-holders are of the form <literal>@name@</literal>, and you will
7788 find a list of available symbols, which vary from template to template,
7789 in the comments at the start of each file. Note that these comments are not
7790 always accurate, and that it's probably best to look at the existing HTML
7791 code to find out which symbols are supported and what they are filled in with.
7795 A special application of this substitution mechanism is to make whole
7796 blocks of HTML code disappear when a specific symbol is set. We use this
7797 for many purposes, one of them being to include the beta warning in all
7798 our user interface (CGI) pages when <application>Privoxy</application>
7799 is in an alpha or beta development stage:
7803 <!-- @if-unstable-start -->
7805 ... beta warning HTML code goes here ...
7807 <!-- if-unstable-end@ --></screen>
7810 If the "unstable" symbol is set, everything in between and including
7811 <literal>@if-unstable-start</literal> and <literal>if-unstable-end@</literal>
7812 will disappear, leaving nothing but an empty comment:
7815 <screen><!-- --></screen>
7818 There's also an if-then-else construct and an <literal>#include</literal>
7819 mechanism, but you'll sure find out if you are inclined to edit the
7824 All templates refer to a style located at
7825 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/send-stylesheet"><literal>http://config.privoxy.org/send-stylesheet</literal></ulink>.
7826 This is, of course, locally served by <application>Privoxy</application>
7827 and the source for it can be found and edited in the
7828 <filename>cgi-style.css</filename> template.
7833 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
7837 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7839 <sect1 id="contact"><title>Contacting the Developers, Bug Reporting and Feature
7842 <!-- Include contacting.sgml boilerplate: -->
7844 <!-- end boilerplate -->
7848 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
7851 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7852 <sect1 id="copyright"><title>Privoxy Copyright, License and History</title>
7854 <!-- Include copyright.sgml: -->
7856 <!-- end copyright -->
7859 <application>Privoxy</application> is free software; you can
7860 redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the
7861 <citetitle>GNU General Public License</citetitle>, version 2,
7862 as published by the Free Software Foundation and included in
7866 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7867 <sect2 id="license"><title>License</title>
7869 <screen><![ RCDATA [ &GPLv2; ]]></screen>
7872 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
7875 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7877 <sect2 id="history"><title>History</title>
7878 <!-- Include history.sgml: -->
7880 <!-- end history -->
7883 <sect2 id="authors"><title>Authors</title>
7884 <!-- Include p-authors.sgml: -->
7886 <!-- end authors -->
7891 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
7894 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7895 <sect1 id="seealso"><title>See Also</title>
7896 <!-- Include seealso.sgml: -->
7898 <!-- end seealso -->
7903 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7904 <sect1 id="appendix"><title>Appendix</title>
7907 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
7909 <title>Regular Expressions</title>
7911 <application>Privoxy</application> uses Perl-style <quote>regular
7912 expressions</quote> in its <link linkend="actions-file">actions
7913 files</link> and <link linkend="filter-file">filter file</link>,
7914 through the <ulink url="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</ulink> and
7917 <ulink url="http://www.oesterhelt.org/pcrs/">PCRS</ulink> libraries.
7919 <application>PCRS</application> libraries.
7923 If you are reading this, you probably don't understand what <quote>regular
7924 expressions</quote> are, or what they can do. So this will be a very brief
7925 introduction only. A full explanation would require a <ulink
7926 url="http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/regex/">book</ulink> ;-)
7930 Regular expressions provide a language to describe patterns that can be
7931 run against strings of characters (letter, numbers, etc), to see if they
7932 match the string or not. The patterns are themselves (sometimes complex)
7933 strings of literal characters, combined with wild-cards, and other special
7934 characters, called meta-characters. The <quote>meta-characters</quote> have
7935 special meanings and are used to build complex patterns to be matched against.
7936 Perl Compatible Regular Expressions are an especially convenient
7937 <quote>dialect</quote> of the regular expression language.
7941 To make a simple analogy, we do something similar when we use wild-card
7942 characters when listing files with the <command>dir</command> command in DOS.
7943 <literal>*.*</literal> matches all filenames. The <quote>special</quote>
7944 character here is the asterisk which matches any and all characters. We can be
7945 more specific and use <literal>?</literal> to match just individual
7946 characters. So <quote>dir file?.text</quote> would match
7947 <quote>file1.txt</quote>, <quote>file2.txt</quote>, etc. We are pattern
7948 matching, using a similar technique to <quote>regular expressions</quote>!
7952 Regular expressions do essentially the same thing, but are much, much more
7953 powerful. There are many more <quote>special characters</quote> and ways of
7954 building complex patterns however. Let's look at a few of the common ones,
7955 and then some examples:
7960 <emphasis>.</emphasis> - Matches any single character, e.g. <quote>a</quote>,
7961 <quote>A</quote>, <quote>4</quote>, <quote>:</quote>, or <quote>@</quote>.
7967 <emphasis>?</emphasis> - The preceding character or expression is matched ZERO or ONE
7974 <emphasis>+</emphasis> - The preceding character or expression is matched ONE or MORE
7981 <emphasis>*</emphasis> - The preceding character or expression is matched ZERO or MORE
7988 <emphasis>\</emphasis> - The <quote>escape</quote> character denotes that
7989 the following character should be taken literally. This is used where one of the
7990 special characters (e.g. <quote>.</quote>) needs to be taken literally and
7991 not as a special meta-character. Example: <quote>example\.com</quote>, makes
7992 sure the period is recognized only as a period (and not expanded to its
7993 meta-character meaning of any single character).
7999 <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> - Characters enclosed in brackets will be matched if
8000 any of the enclosed characters are encountered. For instance, <quote>[0-9]</quote>
8001 matches any numeric digit (zero through nine). As an example, we can combine
8002 this with <quote>+</quote> to match any digit one of more times: <quote>[0-9]+</quote>.
8008 <emphasis>( )</emphasis> - parentheses are used to group a sub-expression,
8009 or multiple sub-expressions.
8015 <emphasis>|</emphasis> - The <quote>bar</quote> character works like an
8016 <quote>or</quote> conditional statement. A match is successful if the
8017 sub-expression on either side of <quote>|</quote> matches. As an example:
8018 <quote>/(this|that) example/</quote> uses grouping and the bar character
8019 and would match either <quote>this example</quote> or <quote>that
8020 example</quote>, and nothing else.
8025 These are just some of the ones you are likely to use when matching URLs with
8026 <application>Privoxy</application>, and is a long way from a definitive
8027 list. This is enough to get us started with a few simple examples which may
8028 be more illuminating:
8032 <emphasis><literal>/.*/banners/.*</literal></emphasis> - A simple example
8033 that uses the common combination of <quote>.</quote> and <quote>*</quote> to
8034 denote any character, zero or more times. In other words, any string at all.
8035 So we start with a literal forward slash, then our regular expression pattern
8036 (<quote>.*</quote>) another literal forward slash, the string
8037 <quote>banners</quote>, another forward slash, and lastly another
8038 <quote>.*</quote>. We are building
8039 a directory path here. This will match any file with the path that has a
8040 directory named <quote>banners</quote> in it. The <quote>.*</quote> matches
8041 any characters, and this could conceivably be more forward slashes, so it
8042 might expand into a much longer looking path. For example, this could match:
8043 <quote>/eye/hate/spammers/banners/annoy_me_please.gif</quote>, or just
8044 <quote>/banners/annoying.html</quote>, or almost an infinite number of other
8045 possible combinations, just so it has <quote>banners</quote> in the path
8050 And now something a little more complex:
8054 <emphasis><literal>/.*/adv((er)?ts?|ertis(ing|ements?))?/</literal></emphasis> -
8055 We have several literal forward slashes again (<quote>/</quote>), so we are
8056 building another expression that is a file path statement. We have another
8057 <quote>.*</quote>, so we are matching against any conceivable sub-path, just so
8058 it matches our expression. The only true literal that <emphasis>must
8059 match</emphasis> our pattern is <application>adv</application>, together with
8060 the forward slashes. What comes after the <quote>adv</quote> string is the
8065 Remember the <quote>?</quote> means the preceding expression (either a
8066 literal character or anything grouped with <quote>(...)</quote> in this case)
8067 can exist or not, since this means either zero or one match. So
8068 <quote>((er)?ts?|ertis(ing|ements?))</quote> is optional, as are the
8069 individual sub-expressions: <quote>(er)</quote>,
8070 <quote>(ing|ements?)</quote>, and the <quote>s</quote>. The <quote>|</quote>
8071 means <quote>or</quote>. We have two of those. For instance,
8072 <quote>(ing|ements?)</quote>, can expand to match either <quote>ing</quote>
8073 <emphasis>OR</emphasis> <quote>ements?</quote>. What is being done here, is an
8074 attempt at matching as many variations of <quote>advertisement</quote>, and
8075 similar, as possible. So this would expand to match just <quote>adv</quote>,
8076 or <quote>advert</quote>, or <quote>adverts</quote>, or
8077 <quote>advertising</quote>, or <quote>advertisement</quote>, or
8078 <quote>advertisements</quote>. You get the idea. But it would not match
8079 <quote>advertizements</quote> (with a <quote>z</quote>). We could fix that by
8080 changing our regular expression to:
8081 <quote>/.*/adv((er)?ts?|erti(s|z)(ing|ements?))?/</quote>, which would then match
8086 <emphasis><literal>/.*/advert[0-9]+\.(gif|jpe?g)</literal></emphasis> - Again
8087 another path statement with forward slashes. Anything in the square brackets
8088 <quote>[ ]</quote> can be matched. This is using <quote>0-9</quote> as a
8089 shorthand expression to mean any digit one through nine. It is the same as
8090 saying <quote>0123456789</quote>. So any digit matches. The <quote>+</quote>
8091 means one or more of the preceding expression must be included. The preceding
8092 expression here is what is in the square brackets -- in this case, any digit
8093 one through nine. Then, at the end, we have a grouping: <quote>(gif|jpe?g)</quote>.
8094 This includes a <quote>|</quote>, so this needs to match the expression on
8095 either side of that bar character also. A simple <quote>gif</quote> on one side, and the other
8096 side will in turn match either <quote>jpeg</quote> or <quote>jpg</quote>,
8097 since the <quote>?</quote> means the letter <quote>e</quote> is optional and
8098 can be matched once or not at all. So we are building an expression here to
8099 match image GIF or JPEG type image file. It must include the literal
8100 string <quote>advert</quote>, then one or more digits, and a <quote>.</quote>
8101 (which is now a literal, and not a special character, since it is escaped
8102 with <quote>\</quote>), and lastly either <quote>gif</quote>, or
8103 <quote>jpeg</quote>, or <quote>jpg</quote>. Some possible matches would
8104 include: <quote>//advert1.jpg</quote>,
8105 <quote>/nasty/ads/advert1234.gif</quote>,
8106 <quote>/banners/from/hell/advert99.jpg</quote>. It would not match
8107 <quote>advert1.gif</quote> (no leading slash), or
8108 <quote>/adverts232.jpg</quote> (the expression does not include an
8109 <quote>s</quote>), or <quote>/advert1.jsp</quote> (<quote>jsp</quote> is not
8110 in the expression anywhere).
8114 We are barely scratching the surface of regular expressions here so that you
8115 can understand the default <application>Privoxy</application>
8116 configuration files, and maybe use this knowledge to customize your own
8117 installation. There is much, much more that can be done with regular
8118 expressions. Now that you know enough to get started, you can learn more on
8123 More reading on Perl Compatible Regular expressions:
8124 <ulink url="http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html">http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html</ulink>
8128 For information on regular expression based substitutions and their applications
8129 in filters, please see the <link linkend="filter-file">filter file tutorial</link>
8134 <!-- ~ End section ~ -->
8137 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
8138 <sect2 id="internal-pages">
8139 <title>Privoxy's Internal Pages</title>
8142 Since <application>Privoxy</application> proxies each requested
8143 web page, it is easy for <application>Privoxy</application> to
8144 trap certain special URLs. In this way, we can talk directly to
8145 <application>Privoxy</application>, and see how it is
8146 configured, see how our rules are being applied, change these
8147 rules and other configuration options, and even turn
8148 <application>Privoxy's</application> filtering off, all with
8153 The URLs listed below are the special ones that allow direct access
8154 to <application>Privoxy</application>. Of course,
8155 <application>Privoxy</application> must be running to access these. If
8156 not, you will get a friendly error message. Internet access is not
8168 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/">http://config.privoxy.org/</ulink>
8172 There is a shortcut: <ulink url="http://p.p/">http://p.p/</ulink> (But it
8173 doesn't provide a fall-back to a real page, in case the request is not
8174 sent through <application>Privoxy</application>)
8180 View and toggle client tags:
8184 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/client-tags">http://config.privoxy.org/client-tags</ulink>
8191 Show information about the current configuration, including viewing and
8192 editing of actions files:
8196 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-status">http://config.privoxy.org/show-status</ulink>
8203 Show the browser's request headers:
8207 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-request">http://config.privoxy.org/show-request</ulink>
8214 Show which actions apply to a URL and why:
8218 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info">http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info</ulink>
8225 Toggle Privoxy on or off. This feature can be turned off/on in the main
8226 <filename>config</filename> file. When toggled <quote>off</quote>, <quote>Privoxy</quote>
8227 continues to run, but only as a pass-through proxy, with no actions taking
8232 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/toggle">http://config.privoxy.org/toggle</ulink>
8236 Short cuts. Turn off, then on:
8240 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/toggle?set=disable">http://config.privoxy.org/toggle?set=disable</ulink>
8245 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/toggle?set=enable">http://config.privoxy.org/toggle?set=enable</ulink>
8255 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
8257 <title>Chain of Events</title>
8259 Let's take a quick look at how some of <application>Privoxy's</application>
8260 core features are triggered, and the ensuing sequence of events when a web
8261 page is requested by your browser:
8267 First, your web browser requests a web page. The browser knows to send
8268 the request to <application>Privoxy</application>, which will in turn,
8269 relay the request to the remote web server after passing the following
8275 <application>Privoxy</application> traps any request for its own internal CGI
8276 pages (e.g <ulink url="http://p.p/">http://p.p/</ulink>) and sends the CGI page back to the browser.
8281 Next, <application>Privoxy</application> checks to see if the URL
8283 linkend="BLOCK"><quote>+block</quote></link> patterns. If
8284 so, the URL is then blocked, and the remote web server will not be contacted.
8285 <link linkend="HANDLE-AS-IMAGE"><quote>+handle-as-image</quote></link>
8287 <link linkend="HANDLE-AS-EMPTY-DOCUMENT"><quote>+handle-as-empty-document</quote></link>
8288 are then checked, and if there is no match, an
8289 HTML <quote>BLOCKED</quote> page is sent back to the browser. Otherwise, if
8290 it does match, an image is returned for the former, and an empty text
8291 document for the latter. The type of image would depend on the setting of
8292 <link linkend="SET-IMAGE-BLOCKER"><quote>+set-image-blocker</quote></link>
8293 (blank, checkerboard pattern, or an HTTP redirect to an image elsewhere).
8298 Untrusted URLs are blocked. If URLs are being added to the
8299 <filename>trust</filename> file, then that is done.
8304 If the URL pattern matches the <link
8305 linkend="FAST-REDIRECTS"><quote>+fast-redirects</quote></link> action,
8306 it is then processed. Unwanted parts of the requested URL are stripped.
8311 Now the rest of the client browser's request headers are processed. If any
8312 of these match any of the relevant actions (e.g. <link
8313 linkend="HIDE-USER-AGENT"><quote>+hide-user-agent</quote></link>,
8314 etc.), headers are suppressed or forged as determined by these actions and
8320 Now the web server starts sending its response back (i.e. typically a web
8326 First, the server headers are read and processed to determine, among other
8327 things, the MIME type (document type) and encoding. The headers are then
8328 filtered as determined by the
8329 <link linkend="CRUNCH-INCOMING-COOKIES"><quote>+crunch-incoming-cookies</quote></link>,
8330 <link linkend="SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY"><quote>+session-cookies-only</quote></link>,
8331 and <link linkend="DOWNGRADE-HTTP-VERSION"><quote>+downgrade-http-version</quote></link>
8337 If any <link linkend="FILTER"><quote>+filter</quote></link> action
8339 linkend="DEANIMATE-GIFS"><quote>+deanimate-gifs</quote></link>
8340 action applies (and the document type fits the action), the rest of the page is
8341 read into memory (up to a configurable limit). Then the filter rules (from
8342 <filename>default.filter</filename> and any other filter files) are
8343 processed against the buffered content. Filters are applied in the order
8344 they are specified in one of the filter files. Animated GIFs, if present,
8345 are reduced to either the first or last frame, depending on the action
8346 setting.The entire page, which is now filtered, is then sent by
8347 <application>Privoxy</application> back to your browser.
8350 If neither a <link linkend="FILTER"><quote>+filter</quote></link> action
8352 linkend="DEANIMATE-GIFS"><quote>+deanimate-gifs</quote></link>
8353 matches, then <application>Privoxy</application> passes the raw data through
8354 to the client browser as it becomes available.
8359 As the browser receives the now (possibly filtered) page content, it
8360 reads and then requests any URLs that may be embedded within the page
8361 source, e.g. ad images, stylesheets, JavaScript, other HTML documents (e.g.
8362 frames), sounds, etc. For each of these objects, the browser issues a
8363 separate request (this is easily viewable in <application>Privoxy's</application>
8364 logs). And each such request is in turn processed just as above. Note that a
8365 complex web page will have many, many such embedded URLs. If these
8366 secondary requests are to a different server, then quite possibly a very
8367 differing set of actions is triggered.
8374 NOTE: This is somewhat of a simplistic overview of what happens with each URL
8375 request. For the sake of brevity and simplicity, we have focused on
8376 <application>Privoxy's</application> core features only.
8382 <!-- ~~~~~ New section ~~~~~ -->
8383 <sect2 id="actionsanat">
8384 <title>Troubleshooting: Anatomy of an Action</title>
8387 The way <application>Privoxy</application> applies
8388 <link linkend="ACTIONS">actions</link> and <link linkend="FILTER">filters</link>
8389 to any given URL can be complex, and not always so
8390 easy to understand what is happening. And sometimes we need to be able to
8391 <emphasis>see</emphasis> just what <application>Privoxy</application> is
8392 doing. Especially, if something <application>Privoxy</application> is doing
8393 is causing us a problem inadvertently. It can be a little daunting to look at
8394 the actions and filters files themselves, since they tend to be filled with
8395 <link linkend="regex">regular expressions</link> whose consequences are not
8400 One quick test to see if <application>Privoxy</application> is causing a problem
8401 or not, is to disable it temporarily. This should be the first troubleshooting
8402 step (be sure to flush caches afterward!). Looking at the
8403 logs is a good idea too. (Note that both the toggle feature and logging are
8404 enabled via <filename>config</filename> file settings, and may need to be
8405 turned <quote>on</quote>.)
8408 Another easy troubleshooting step to try is if you have done any
8409 customization of your installation, revert back to the installed
8410 defaults and see if that helps. There are times the developers get complaints
8411 about one thing or another, and the problem is more related to a customized
8412 configuration issue.
8416 <application>Privoxy</application> also provides the
8417 <ulink url="http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info">http://config.privoxy.org/show-url-info</ulink>
8418 page that can show us very specifically how <application>actions</application>
8419 are being applied to any given URL. This is a big help for troubleshooting.
8423 First, enter one URL (or partial URL) at the prompt, and then
8424 <application>Privoxy</application> will tell us
8425 how the current configuration will handle it. This will not
8426 help with filtering effects (i.e. the <link
8427 linkend="FILTER"><quote>+filter</quote></link> action) from
8428 one of the filter files since this is handled very
8429 differently and not so easy to trap! It also will not tell you about any other
8430 URLs that may be embedded within the URL you are testing. For instance, images
8431 such as ads are expressed as URLs within the raw page source of HTML pages. So
8432 you will only get info for the actual URL that is pasted into the prompt area
8433 -- not any sub-URLs. If you want to know about embedded URLs like ads, you
8434 will have to dig those out of the HTML source. Use your browser's <quote>View
8435 Page Source</quote> option for this. Or right click on the ad, and grab the
8440 Let's try an example, <ulink url="http://google.com">google.com</ulink>,
8441 and look at it one section at a time in a sample configuration (your real
8442 configuration may vary):
8446 Matches for http://www.google.com:
8448 In file: default.action <guibutton>[ View ]</guibutton> <guibutton>[ Edit ]</guibutton>
8450 {+change-x-forwarded-for{block}
8451 +deanimate-gifs {last}
8452 +fast-redirects {check-decoded-url}
8453 +filter {refresh-tags}
8454 +filter {img-reorder}
8455 +filter {banners-by-size}
8457 +filter {jumping-windows}
8458 +filter {ie-exploits}
8459 +hide-from-header {block}
8460 +hide-referrer {forge}
8461 +session-cookies-only
8462 +set-image-blocker {pattern}
8465 { -session-cookies-only }
8471 In file: user.action <guibutton>[ View ]</guibutton> <guibutton>[ Edit ]</guibutton>
8472 (no matches in this file)
8476 This is telling us how we have defined our
8477 <link linkend="ACTIONS"><quote>actions</quote></link>, and
8478 which ones match for our test case, <quote>google.com</quote>.
8479 Displayed is all the actions that are available to us. Remember,
8480 the <literal>+</literal> sign denotes <quote>on</quote>. <literal>-</literal>
8481 denotes <quote>off</quote>. So some are <quote>on</quote> here, but many
8482 are <quote>off</quote>. Each example we try may provide a slightly different
8483 end result, depending on our configuration directives.
8487 is for our <filename>default.action</filename> file. The large, multi-line
8488 listing, is how the actions are set to match for all URLs, i.e. our default
8489 settings. If you look at your <quote>actions</quote> file, this would be the
8490 section just below the <quote>aliases</quote> section near the top. This
8491 will apply to all URLs as signified by the single forward slash at the end
8492 of the listing -- <quote> / </quote>.
8496 But we have defined additional actions that would be exceptions to these general
8497 rules, and then we list specific URLs (or patterns) that these exceptions
8498 would apply to. Last match wins. Just below this then are two explicit
8499 matches for <quote>.google.com</quote>. The first is negating our previous
8500 cookie setting, which was for <link
8501 linkend="SESSION-COOKIES-ONLY"><quote>+session-cookies-only</quote></link>
8502 (i.e. not persistent). So we will allow persistent cookies for google, at
8503 least that is how it is in this example. The second turns
8504 <emphasis>off</emphasis> any <link
8505 linkend="FAST-REDIRECTS"><quote>+fast-redirects</quote></link>
8506 action, allowing this to take place unmolested. Note that there is a leading
8507 dot here -- <quote>.google.com</quote>. This will match any hosts and
8508 sub-domains, in the google.com domain also, such as
8509 <quote>www.google.com</quote> or <quote>mail.google.com</quote>. But it would not
8510 match <quote>www.google.de</quote>! So, apparently, we have these two actions
8511 defined as exceptions to the general rules at the top somewhere in the lower
8512 part of our <filename>default.action</filename> file, and
8513 <quote>google.com</quote> is referenced somewhere in these latter sections.
8517 Then, for our <filename>user.action</filename> file, we again have no hits.
8518 So there is nothing google-specific that we might have added to our own, local
8519 configuration. If there was, those actions would over-rule any actions from
8520 previously processed files, such as <filename>default.action</filename>.
8521 <filename>user.action</filename> typically has the last word. This is the
8522 best place to put hard and fast exceptions,
8526 And finally we pull it all together in the bottom section and summarize how
8527 <application>Privoxy</application> is applying all its <quote>actions</quote>
8528 to <quote>google.com</quote>:
8536 +change-x-forwarded-for{block}
8537 -client-header-filter{hide-tor-exit-notation}
8538 -content-type-overwrite
8539 -crunch-client-header
8540 -crunch-if-none-match
8541 -crunch-incoming-cookies
8542 -crunch-outgoing-cookies
8543 -crunch-server-header
8544 +deanimate-gifs {last}
8545 -downgrade-http-version
8548 -filter {content-cookies}
8549 -filter {all-popups}
8550 -filter {banners-by-link}
8551 -filter {tiny-textforms}
8552 -filter {frameset-borders}
8553 -filter {demoronizer}
8554 -filter {shockwave-flash}
8555 -filter {quicktime-kioskmode}
8557 -filter {crude-parental}
8558 -filter {site-specifics}
8559 -filter {js-annoyances}
8560 -filter {html-annoyances}
8561 +filter {refresh-tags}
8562 -filter {unsolicited-popups}
8563 +filter {img-reorder}
8564 +filter {banners-by-size}
8566 +filter {jumping-windows}
8567 +filter {ie-exploits}
8574 -handle-as-empty-document
8576 -hide-accept-language
8577 -hide-content-disposition
8578 +hide-from-header {block}
8579 -hide-if-modified-since
8580 +hide-referrer {forge}
8583 -overwrite-last-modified
8584 -prevent-compression
8586 -server-header-filter{xml-to-html}
8587 -server-header-filter{html-to-xml}
8588 -session-cookies-only
8589 +set-image-blocker {pattern}
8593 Notice the only difference here to the previous listing, is to
8594 <quote>fast-redirects</quote> and <quote>session-cookies-only</quote>,
8595 which are activated specifically for this site in our configuration,
8596 and thus show in the <quote>Final Results</quote>.
8600 Now another example, <quote>ad.doubleclick.net</quote>:
8604 { +block{Domains starts with "ad"} }
8607 { +block{Domain contains "ad"} }
8610 { +block{Doubleclick banner server} +handle-as-image }
8611 .[a-vx-z]*.doubleclick.net
8615 We'll just show the interesting part here - the explicit matches. It is
8616 matched three different times. Two <quote>+block{}</quote> sections,
8617 and a <quote>+block{} +handle-as-image</quote>,
8618 which is the expanded form of one of our aliases that had been defined as:
8619 <quote>+block-as-image</quote>. (<link
8620 linkend="ALIASES"><quote>Aliases</quote></link> are defined in
8621 the first section of the actions file and typically used to combine more
8626 Any one of these would have done the trick and blocked this as an unwanted
8627 image. This is unnecessarily redundant since the last case effectively
8628 would also cover the first. No point in taking chances with these guys
8629 though ;-) Note that if you want an ad or obnoxious
8630 URL to be invisible, it should be defined as <quote>ad.doubleclick.net</quote>
8631 is done here -- as both a <link
8632 linkend="BLOCK"><quote>+block{}</quote></link>
8633 <emphasis>and</emphasis> an
8634 <link linkend="HANDLE-AS-IMAGE"><quote>+handle-as-image</quote></link>.
8635 The custom alias <quote><literal>+block-as-image</literal></quote> just
8636 simplifies the process and make it more readable.
8640 One last example. Let's try <quote>http://www.example.net/adsl/HOWTO/</quote>.
8641 This one is giving us problems. We are getting a blank page. Hmmm ...
8645 Matches for http://www.example.net/adsl/HOWTO/:
8647 In file: default.action <guibutton>[ View ]</guibutton> <guibutton>[ Edit ]</guibutton>
8651 +change-x-forwarded-for{block}
8652 -client-header-filter{hide-tor-exit-notation}
8653 -content-type-overwrite
8654 -crunch-client-header
8655 -crunch-if-none-match
8656 -crunch-incoming-cookies
8657 -crunch-outgoing-cookies
8658 -crunch-server-header
8660 -downgrade-http-version
8661 +fast-redirects {check-decoded-url}
8663 -filter {content-cookies}
8664 -filter {all-popups}
8665 -filter {banners-by-link}
8666 -filter {tiny-textforms}
8667 -filter {frameset-borders}
8668 -filter {demoronizer}
8669 -filter {shockwave-flash}
8670 -filter {quicktime-kioskmode}
8672 -filter {crude-parental}
8673 -filter {site-specifics}
8674 -filter {js-annoyances}
8675 -filter {html-annoyances}
8676 +filter {refresh-tags}
8677 -filter {unsolicited-popups}
8678 +filter {img-reorder}
8679 +filter {banners-by-size}
8681 +filter {jumping-windows}
8682 +filter {ie-exploits}
8689 -handle-as-empty-document
8691 -hide-accept-language
8692 -hide-content-disposition
8693 +hide-from-header{block}
8694 +hide-referer{forge}
8696 -overwrite-last-modified
8697 +prevent-compression
8699 -server-header-filter{xml-to-html}
8700 -server-header-filter{html-to-xml}
8701 +session-cookies-only
8702 +set-image-blocker{blank} }
8705 { +block{Path contains "ads".} +handle-as-image }
8710 Ooops, the <quote>/adsl/</quote> is matching <quote>/ads</quote> in our
8711 configuration! But we did not want this at all! Now we see why we get the
8712 blank page. It is actually triggering two different actions here, and
8713 the effects are aggregated so that the URL is blocked, and &my-app; is told
8714 to treat the block as if it were an image. But this is, of course, all wrong.
8715 We could now add a new action below this (or better in our own
8716 <filename>user.action</filename> file) that explicitly
8717 <emphasis>un</emphasis> blocks (
8718 <link linkend="BLOCK"><quote>{-block}</quote></link>) paths with
8719 <quote>adsl</quote> in them (remember, last match in the configuration
8720 wins). There are various ways to handle such exceptions. Example:
8729 Now the page displays ;-)
8730 Remember to flush your browser's caches when making these kinds of changes to
8731 your configuration to insure that you get a freshly delivered page! Or, try
8732 using <literal>Shift+Reload</literal>.
8736 But now what about a situation where we get no explicit matches like
8741 { +block{Path starts with "ads".} +handle-as-image }
8746 That actually was very helpful and pointed us quickly to where the problem
8747 was. If you don't get this kind of match, then it means one of the default
8748 rules in the first section of <filename>default.action</filename> is causing
8749 the problem. This would require some guesswork, and maybe a little trial and
8750 error to isolate the offending rule. One likely cause would be one of the
8751 <link linkend="FILTER"><quote>+filter</quote></link> actions.
8752 These tend to be harder to troubleshoot.
8753 Try adding the URL for the site to one of aliases that turn off
8754 <link linkend="FILTER"><quote>+filter</quote></link>:
8760 .worldpay.com # for quietpc.com
8767 <quote><literal>{ shop }</literal></quote> is an <quote>alias</quote> that expands to
8768 <quote><literal>{ -filter -session-cookies-only }</literal></quote>.
8769 Or you could do your own exception to negate filtering:
8774 # Disable ALL filter actions for sites in this section
8781 This would turn off all filtering for these sites. This is best
8782 put in <filename>user.action</filename>, for local site
8783 exceptions. Note that when a simple domain pattern is used by itself (without
8784 the subsequent path portion), all sub-pages within that domain are included
8785 automatically in the scope of the action.
8789 Images that are inexplicably being blocked, may well be hitting the
8790 <link linkend="FILTER-BANNERS-BY-SIZE"><quote>+filter{banners-by-size}</quote></link>
8792 that images of certain sizes are ad banners (works well
8793 <emphasis>most of the time</emphasis> since these tend to be standardized).
8797 <quote><literal>{ fragile }</literal></quote> is an alias that disables most
8798 actions that are the most likely to cause trouble. This can be used as a
8799 last resort for problem sites.
8804 # Handle with care: easy to break
8806 mybank.example.com</screen>
8810 <emphasis>Remember to flush caches!</emphasis> Note that the
8811 <literal>mail.google</literal> reference lacks the TLD portion (e.g.
8812 <quote>.com</quote>). This will effectively match any TLD with
8813 <literal>google</literal> in it, such as <literal>mail.google.de.</literal>,
8817 If this still does not work, you will have to go through the remaining
8818 actions one by one to find which one(s) is causing the problem.
8827 This program is free software; you can redistribute it
8828 and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
8829 Public License as published by the Free Software
8830 Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
8831 your option) any later version.
8833 This program is distributed in the hope that it will
8834 be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
8835 implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
8836 PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
8837 License for more details.
8839 The GNU General Public License should be included with
8840 this file. If not, you can view it at
8841 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
8842 or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
8843 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,